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钾对猕猴桃果实耐贮性的影响及其生理机制的研究
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摘要
猕猴桃(Actinidia)是一种典型呼吸跃变型浆果,对乙烯极为敏感,不耐贮藏,从而严重制约猕猴桃生产的发展。随着钾对植物生理作用研究的深入,钾在猕猴桃果实贮藏保鲜研究中的地位越来越重要。
     本文以7年生美味猕猴桃米良1号(Actinidia deliciosa cv. Miliang-1)品种为试材,对米良1号进行采前施钾处理,探讨钾对果实耐贮性的影响及其作用机制。试验结果如下:
     1 适量施钾肥(株施纯K_2O8Og)能显著提高猕猴桃的果实硬度、可溶性固形物、淀粉及维生素C含量,降低果实含酸量,对果实的内质及外观有明显的改善,同时提高果实耐贮性;但过量施钾果实品质劣,耐贮性能差。
     2 在0℃—4℃贮藏条件下,以株施纯K_2O8Og果实贮藏效果最佳,淀粉酶活性峰值低(9.38 mg.g~(-1).15min~(-1)),POD活性峰值最高(1.91ΔOD470min~(-1).g~(-1).FW),贮藏73d时,其软果率最低(15.56%),果肉硬度最高(0.27Mpa),MDA含量积累最少(7.31μ mol.1~(-1))。适量施钾(株施纯K_2O8Og)能抑制果实淀粉酶的活性,提高POD遇到逆境时的活性峰值,减少MDA含量的积累;同时淀粉及维生素C的下降趋势较为平缓,提高果实贮藏寿命,但过量施钾(株施纯120g K_2O)适得其反。
     3 施钾影响果实其他矿质元素的含量,过施钾(株施纯120g K_2O)造成钙含量极低,降低果实贮藏性。
     4 施钾能明显抑制猕猴桃果实在低温贮藏时灰霉病的发生,提高果实耐贮性。贮藏6个月时,株施纯80g K_2O处理的果实好果率为仍达68.89%,而对照果实已全部腐烂。
Kiwifruit (Actinidia) is a kind of berry fruit with specific respiratory climacteric, which is sensitive to ethylene, and has low storage-ability. So the development of kiwifruit production is restricted. With the studies on the effects of potassium on physiological function of plant, potassium is playing an increasing role on the studies of kiwifruit storage and keeping fresh. In this paper, the seven-year-old Actinidia deliciosa cv 'Miliang -1' was used as materials to study the effects of pre-harvest K application on kiwifruit storage-ability.
    The results showed that potassium treatment improved kiwifruit quality and storage-ability. Whose soluble solids content, Vitamin C, starch content and flesh firmness are significantly higher than that of control. However, the highest K treatment with 120g k2o per tree made quality worse. The treatment that applied 80g k2O per tree had the best effect on fruit storage-ability. The amylase activity peak of which was the lowest(9. 38 mg. g-1.15min-1) and POD activity peak of which was the highest(1.91 OD470min-1. g-1. FW). After 73days cold storage, the soften fruit ratio of which was the lowest (15.56%), flesh firmness of which was the highest (0.27MPa),and MDA accumulation of which was the lowest(7. 31 u mol. l-1). By potassium treatment, POD activity peak were significantly increased, amylase activity and MDA accumulation were markedly decreased. Therefore, potassium application delayed fruit senescence and improved fruit storage-ability.
    We also found that potassium application had quite an effect on mineral content of fruit. The highest K treatment with 120g k2o per tree significantly decreased calcium content of fruit. So storage-ability of fruit was decline. At the 180th day, the quality of kiwifruit which treated with 80g k2O per tree were better than others, and the un-rotten fruit ratio was the highest (68.89%) , all fruit of control had already rotten. It suggested
    
    
    
    that potassium treatment could inhibit disease during cold storage and prolong the storage time of kiwifruit.
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