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采后钙处理对猕猴桃果实碳水化合物代谢的影响
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摘要
猕猴桃是典型的呼吸跃变型浆果,通常条件下不耐贮运,系统地研究猕猴桃果实采后碳水化合物代谢动态变化,对于了解猕猴桃果实的软化机理具有重要的意义。为探讨采后钙对呼吸跃变型果实采后软化衰老过程中碳水化合物代谢过程中生理生化变化,本文以10年生的中华猕猴桃品种丰悦和美味猕猴桃品种金魁为试验材料,采后分别以清水(CK)、1%Ca(NO_3)_2+NAA100mg/L(处理F1)、3%Ca(NO_3)_2+NAA100mg/L(处理F2)进行浸钙处理,然后置于0-4℃冷藏条件下,定期地对果实碳水化合物糖代谢关键酶、糖含量、以及对维持果实硬度的果胶及相关酶进行了系统的测定。试验结果如下:
     1.各处理猕猴桃果实采后可溶性固形物均呈上升,硬度下降趋势,而还原糖、果糖含量呈上升趋势,淀粉含量呈下降趋势。猕猴桃果实成熟时主要糖类物质为果糖。F1和F2处理能有效延缓其还原糖、果糖含量的上升,且能延缓淀粉的降解,同时也抑制水溶性果胶的生成。其中对金魁果实影响作用更大。
     2.在猕猴桃果实糖类代谢起主要作用的是转化酶和蔗糖合酶。而蔗糖磷酸合酶作用较小,淀粉酶在淀粉降解过程中起重要的作用。
     3.F1和F2处理均能有效维持猕猴桃果实的硬度,降低淀粉酶、PG酶及纤维素酶的活性,减缓原果胶的水解,其中F2浸果处理效果更好。
The kiwifruit is berry fruit with specific respiratory climacteric, it is not usually able to bear storing and transporting under ordinary conditions. It is important for understanding softening mechanism of kiwifruit that we study effects of calcium treatment on carbohydrate metabolism mechanism of kiwifruit after harvest systematically, It is worth studying that probing into carbohydrate biochemical and physiology changes of kiwifruit after harvest during the soften and senescence process. It regards ten-year-old Fengyue (Actinidia Chinensis cv. Fengyue) and Jinkui (Actinidia Deliciosa cv. Jinkui)as materials , It deals with them with the clean water(CK),1%Ca(NO3)2+NAA100mg/L(F1) ,3%Ca(NO3)2 +NAA100mg/L(F2), respectively. Under 0-4 low-temperature preservation terms, we aim at studying key enzyme, the content sucrose, fructose and fruit pectin of kiwifruit carbohydrate metabolism after harvest termly, The result of the test is as follows:
    1.The amount of sucrose , deoxidizing sugar and fructose of kiwifruit is on the rise generally after harvest, but the content of starch and firmness presents the downward trend. The main sugar is the fructose in ripen-kiwifruit. F1 and F2 can delay the content of fructose and sucrose effectively. F1 and F2 can delay the degradation the starch too. At the same time it can suppress the improving of the water soluble pectin. Jinkui is better.
    2.Among sugar metabolism of kiwifruit SPS degrade to Invertase and SS obvious, the amylase plays an important role during the starch metabolism.
    3. F1 and F2 can reduce the activity of kiwifruit amylase , PG and cellulase effectively, maintain kiwifruit firmness of fruit, Slow down the hydrolysising of original pectin. F2 result better among them.
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