光学镜头“猫眼”效应分析及在短距离信息交换中的应用
|
摘要
光学镜头中“猫眼”效应造成了照射光后向散射的增强,这种特性使得对方的激光主动侦察的精度大大提高,作用距离也有相当大的增加。因此,对“猫眼”效应应该进行深入研究。在本文中,我们发现,假如“猫眼”光学系统中的光敏面(或分划板)并不恰好位于其光学系统的焦点处时,其回波功率有明显不同的特点。
通过对离焦时的“猫眼”系统的特性分析,发现了“猫眼”系统在前向离焦和后向离焦中其回波功率与离焦量的关系有较大的不同。然后对于这两种情况分别用Matlab 进行了仿真。证实了在前向离焦中,其回波功率下降迅速;而在后向离焦中,其离焦量与回波功率有一个很好的曲线关系,这使得应用“猫眼”系统后向离焦量的改变,来改变回波功率的大小,使传递信息的目的成为可能。
本文的主要工作是,首先用光线追迹法对离焦时的“猫眼效应”进行了计算,得出了在“猫眼”系统出瞳处的光线位置和偏向角度,然后通过Matlab 进行仿真。在仿真中,引入β因子来描述回波功率的状况, “猫眼”系统的焦距选择为20 mm, 25mm,30mm等,计算了β因子在前向离焦和后向离焦时的变化情况,发现前向离焦和后向离焦的回波功率与离焦量的关系有不同的特点。最后,设计了静态和动态两个实验,静态实验用反射面模拟光敏面,证实了前后离焦有不同的变化。当将反射面由后向前不断靠近镜头时,示波器中所显示的回波信号的峰峰值不断缓慢增大,当增大到最大值时,再继续向前移动反射面,回波信号的峰峰值迅速下降。动态实验利用后向离焦的特点,实现了短距离信息交换。
Because of the nature of the ‘cat-eye’effects in optical lenses, its back scattering will be strongly strengthened and the precision of an active laser surveillance will be greatly enhanced. Hence, it is needed to study the ‘cat-eye’effects thoroughly. In this dissertation, it is pointed out that the reflect wave power is quite different if the photo-sensing surface (or a cross-reticle) on the different position near the focal plant.
The properties of the focus-deviations in the ‘cat-eye’systems are carefully studied, which include two different kinds, i.e., the front focus-deviating system and the behind focus-deviating system. It is shown that the relation between the reflect wave power and the focus-deviations is different in those systems through theoretical analysis. With the help of the Matlab, numerical simulation is also made. The final result shows that the reflect wave power will greatly decrease in the front deviating focus system. On the other hand, the reflect wave power is relatively slowly decreased in the behind focus-deviating system. Therefore, it is possible to employ this decreasing curve to the transfer of the information.
The main work of the dissertation lies in: firstly, the ray-tracing method is used to calculate the ‘cat-eye ’effect with the system being focus-deviating; so the position and the angle of optical ray at the exit pupil are obtained. Secondly, these data can be input into Matlab for numerical simulation. The different systems with different focus are chosen, for example the focus is 20 mm, 25mm,30mm et al and the variance of the factor βin those systems is carefully studied. Finally, two experiments including static and dynamic experiments are proposed according to the principle of short-distance information exchange, in which the behind focus-deviating system is used. In the static experiment, in which a reflecting surface is used instead of the photo-sensing surface, it is obviously shown the different decreasing rates of the two focus-deviating systems. In the dynamic experiment the reflecting surface is controlled by a mini speaker, the transfer of information is realized in a short distance.
通过对离焦时的“猫眼”系统的特性分析,发现了“猫眼”系统在前向离焦和后向离焦中其回波功率与离焦量的关系有较大的不同。然后对于这两种情况分别用Matlab 进行了仿真。证实了在前向离焦中,其回波功率下降迅速;而在后向离焦中,其离焦量与回波功率有一个很好的曲线关系,这使得应用“猫眼”系统后向离焦量的改变,来改变回波功率的大小,使传递信息的目的成为可能。
本文的主要工作是,首先用光线追迹法对离焦时的“猫眼效应”进行了计算,得出了在“猫眼”系统出瞳处的光线位置和偏向角度,然后通过Matlab 进行仿真。在仿真中,引入β因子来描述回波功率的状况, “猫眼”系统的焦距选择为20 mm, 25mm,30mm等,计算了β因子在前向离焦和后向离焦时的变化情况,发现前向离焦和后向离焦的回波功率与离焦量的关系有不同的特点。最后,设计了静态和动态两个实验,静态实验用反射面模拟光敏面,证实了前后离焦有不同的变化。当将反射面由后向前不断靠近镜头时,示波器中所显示的回波信号的峰峰值不断缓慢增大,当增大到最大值时,再继续向前移动反射面,回波信号的峰峰值迅速下降。动态实验利用后向离焦的特点,实现了短距离信息交换。
Because of the nature of the ‘cat-eye’effects in optical lenses, its back scattering will be strongly strengthened and the precision of an active laser surveillance will be greatly enhanced. Hence, it is needed to study the ‘cat-eye’effects thoroughly. In this dissertation, it is pointed out that the reflect wave power is quite different if the photo-sensing surface (or a cross-reticle) on the different position near the focal plant.
The properties of the focus-deviations in the ‘cat-eye’systems are carefully studied, which include two different kinds, i.e., the front focus-deviating system and the behind focus-deviating system. It is shown that the relation between the reflect wave power and the focus-deviations is different in those systems through theoretical analysis. With the help of the Matlab, numerical simulation is also made. The final result shows that the reflect wave power will greatly decrease in the front deviating focus system. On the other hand, the reflect wave power is relatively slowly decreased in the behind focus-deviating system. Therefore, it is possible to employ this decreasing curve to the transfer of the information.
The main work of the dissertation lies in: firstly, the ray-tracing method is used to calculate the ‘cat-eye ’effect with the system being focus-deviating; so the position and the angle of optical ray at the exit pupil are obtained. Secondly, these data can be input into Matlab for numerical simulation. The different systems with different focus are chosen, for example the focus is 20 mm, 25mm,30mm et al and the variance of the factor βin those systems is carefully studied. Finally, two experiments including static and dynamic experiments are proposed according to the principle of short-distance information exchange, in which the behind focus-deviating system is used. In the static experiment, in which a reflecting surface is used instead of the photo-sensing surface, it is obviously shown the different decreasing rates of the two focus-deviating systems. In the dynamic experiment the reflecting surface is controlled by a mini speaker, the transfer of information is realized in a short distance.
引文
[1] C.LECOCQ,G.DESHORS,et al.Sight laser detection modeling.SPIE 2003. Vol.5086
[2] 王永仲.现代军用光学技术.北京:科学出版社.2003
[3] 魏光辉,杨培根等.激光技术在兵器工业中的应用.兵器工业出版社.1995.224
[4] 卿光弼,王学楷等.“猫眼效应”的物理模型及证明.激光技术.1995.Vol.19,No.4
[5] J.W.顾德门.傅里叶光学导论.科学出版社.1979
[6] Attard A E.Matrix optical analysis of Skew rays in mixed systems of spherical and orthogonal cylindrical lenses.App Opt,1984,23(16):2706～2711
[7] Lee W,Caperson.Synthsis of Gaussion beam optical systems. Applied Optics,1981,20(13):2243～2249
[8] 易明.现代几何光学.南京大学出版社.1986
[9] Cojan,Yves,Fertala,et al Method and system for protecting optoelectronic search and tracking equipment from an illumination. United States Patent:6194723.2001
[10] Mazerolle,Denis,Puech,et al.System for the reduction of laser equivalent surface and for optical protection. United States Patent:6097527,2000
[11] 赵勋杰.激光主动侦察技术.光电对抗与无源干扰.1998,No.2
[12] 付伟,杨帆.激光致盲武器的发展综述.飞航导弹.1998,No.1
[13] 赵勋杰,高稚允,张英远.基于“猫眼”效应的激光侦察技术及其在军事上的应用.光学技术.2003,Vol.29,No.4
[14] 杨虎,谢德林.光电对抗应用技术分析.光电工程.1998,Vol.25,Sup
[15] Born M,Wolf E.Principles of optics. Cambridge University Press.1999
[16] 邹继伟,吕跃广,孙晓泉.基于猫眼效应计算离焦量对反射光光强的影响.电子对抗.1999.No.1
[17] 葛成良,黄志伟等.基于“猫眼效应”的目标识别.强激光与粒子束.2003,Vol.15,No.17
[18] 李玉旗,梁峰.基于“猫眼效应”的光学目标识别.激光与红外.2000,Vol.30,No.4
[19] 李忠建,曹卫公等.一种探测光学窗口的激光测距机.激光与红外.2001,Vol.31,No.1
[20] 周建民,郭劲,付有余.激光对远程目标光电探测器的干扰技术分析.半导体光电.2004,
[2] 王永仲.现代军用光学技术.北京:科学出版社.2003
[3] 魏光辉,杨培根等.激光技术在兵器工业中的应用.兵器工业出版社.1995.224
[4] 卿光弼,王学楷等.“猫眼效应”的物理模型及证明.激光技术.1995.Vol.19,No.4
[5] J.W.顾德门.傅里叶光学导论.科学出版社.1979
[6] Attard A E.Matrix optical analysis of Skew rays in mixed systems of spherical and orthogonal cylindrical lenses.App Opt,1984,23(16):2706～2711
[7] Lee W,Caperson.Synthsis of Gaussion beam optical systems. Applied Optics,1981,20(13):2243～2249
[8] 易明.现代几何光学.南京大学出版社.1986
[9] Cojan,Yves,Fertala,et al Method and system for protecting optoelectronic search and tracking equipment from an illumination. United States Patent:6194723.2001
[10] Mazerolle,Denis,Puech,et al.System for the reduction of laser equivalent surface and for optical protection. United States Patent:6097527,2000
[11] 赵勋杰.激光主动侦察技术.光电对抗与无源干扰.1998,No.2
[12] 付伟,杨帆.激光致盲武器的发展综述.飞航导弹.1998,No.1
[13] 赵勋杰,高稚允,张英远.基于“猫眼”效应的激光侦察技术及其在军事上的应用.光学技术.2003,Vol.29,No.4
[14] 杨虎,谢德林.光电对抗应用技术分析.光电工程.1998,Vol.25,Sup
[15] Born M,Wolf E.Principles of optics. Cambridge University Press.1999
[16] 邹继伟,吕跃广,孙晓泉.基于猫眼效应计算离焦量对反射光光强的影响.电子对抗.1999.No.1
[17] 葛成良,黄志伟等.基于“猫眼效应”的目标识别.强激光与粒子束.2003,Vol.15,No.17
[18] 李玉旗,梁峰.基于“猫眼效应”的光学目标识别.激光与红外.2000,Vol.30,No.4
[19] 李忠建,曹卫公等.一种探测光学窗口的激光测距机.激光与红外.2001,Vol.31,No.1
[20] 周建民,郭劲,付有余.激光对远程目标光电探测器的干扰技术分析.半导体光电.2004,