寒区复合水泥加固土的力学性质及损伤特性研究
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摘要
利用当地的土壤资源、矿产资源及工业废料,开发新型建筑材料—复合水泥土,发展“绿色”建材是本文研究课题的宗旨。本文通过室内试验,研究配制了一种针对寒冷地区粉质粘土的复合水泥材料,提出了它的最佳配合比。并进行了该种复合水泥土的强度、耐久性、损伤、微结构等试验研究,分析了复合水泥材料与土、水、水泥浆之间的相互作用,在此基础上探讨了复合水泥土的固化机理,最后分析了复合水泥土的损伤特性。为复合型水泥土的进一步的研究和应用提供理论和试验数据。
本文首先对普通水泥土进行了抗压、间接抗拉等力学性质及抗冻、抗渗等耐久性方面的试验,找出影响普通水泥土的主要因素,在此基础上,根据多方案比较,选择了八种材料作为水泥土外掺剂,进行了每种外掺剂水泥土的单掺试验,从考查寒区水泥土最重要的两个指标—强度和抗冻性方面进行了全面的试验对比,总结了每种外掺剂对水泥土的影响及改性效果,然后通过正交试验,找出了影响水泥土强度和抗冻性的主要因素及因素水平,通过直观分析和方差分析及补充试验,得出一组性价比较高的复合型材料最优配合比方案,即水泥:石灰:硅粉:Na2SO4:表面活性剂=10:1:3:0.5:0.1,将该复合型材料与土、水按一定比例拌制而成的材料称为复合水泥土。
为了验证研制的复合水泥土的强度特性和耐久性,通过室内试验,对复合水泥土进行了不同掺量、不同养护龄期的无侧限抗压强度、间接抗拉强度、抗冻性、冻胀量试验,并与普通水泥土进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:复合水泥土的力学性能及耐久性能均明显优于普通水泥土。
建立了综合考虑各因素影响的普通水泥土和复合水泥土的强度预测模型,分析了二者的变形特性,推导了普通水泥土及复合水泥土的应力应变上升段和下降段本构方程。
结合SEM试验探讨了复合水泥土的微结构特点,分析了复合水泥材料与土、水、水泥浆之间的相互作用,在此基础上分析了复合水泥土的固化机理,从本质上的找出了复合水泥土强度特性优于普通水泥土的合理解释。最后,通过室内变形及损伤试验,分析了复合水泥土的细观损伤机制及其损伤演化规律,建立了单轴压缩条件下的弹塑性损伤模型。
The goal of the research is to develop“green”construction materials, i.e. to develop a new construction material– composite cement soil using the local materials such as soil, mine residues and industrial wastes. A composite cement material with silt clay was developed to adapt to the cold areas, and the optimal ratio of the composites was obtained. The experiments and tests of strength, endurance, damage, microstructure, etc. were performed. The interactions of composite cement material with soil, water, cement grout were analyzed. The solidification of the composite cement was studied and the damage characteristics were analysised as well, which provide the experiment data and theory for further study and application.
The mechanical properties of ordinary cement such as compressive resistance, indirect tensile resistance, and the endurance property such as freezing resistance, impermeability were tested, the main factors to impact the properties of ordinary cement were determined. 8 materials were selected as the cement additives through the alternative comparison. Each additive was tested for the cement soil. The experiment comparison was done for all the additives with the 2 important indexes, i.e. strength and freezing resistance. The impacts and the property improvement of each additive were summarized. The main factors and their importance that affect the strength and freezing resistance of cement were determined by orthogonal test. An optimal mix ratio of the composite material with better quality and eocnomic cost was developed through observation,variance analysis and complementary experiments, the mix ratio is: cement: lime: silica fume: Na2SO4: surfactant = 10:1:3:0.5:0.1. The composite material mixed with soil, water in certain ratio is so called composite cement soil.
In order to varify and test the strength and endurance of the composite cement soil, the unconfined compression resistance, indirect tensile resistance, freezing resistance, and frost heave were tested in the lab with different additive quantity, different curing periods, and the comparison analysis with ordinary cement was performed. The results show that the mechanical properties and endurance of the composite cement soil are significantly better than that of ordinary cement.
The strength prediction models of composite cement soil and ordinary cement considering all impact factors were developed, and the deformation properties of the two materials were analysised. The constitutive equation of descending and ascending of stress and strain of ordinary cement and the composite cement soil were derived.
The microstructure of the composite cement soil was studied with the SEM experiment, the interactions of the composite material with soil, water, cement grout were analyzed, based on the analysis, the solidification of the composite cement soil was analyzed, the inherent nature that the strengh of the composite cement soil was better than that of ordinary cement was reasonablly explained. The damage microstructure and damage evolution of the composite cement soil was analyzed based on the deformation and damage tests in the lab, the elastic and plastic damage model under uniaxial compression stress was developed.
本文首先对普通水泥土进行了抗压、间接抗拉等力学性质及抗冻、抗渗等耐久性方面的试验,找出影响普通水泥土的主要因素,在此基础上,根据多方案比较,选择了八种材料作为水泥土外掺剂,进行了每种外掺剂水泥土的单掺试验,从考查寒区水泥土最重要的两个指标—强度和抗冻性方面进行了全面的试验对比,总结了每种外掺剂对水泥土的影响及改性效果,然后通过正交试验,找出了影响水泥土强度和抗冻性的主要因素及因素水平,通过直观分析和方差分析及补充试验,得出一组性价比较高的复合型材料最优配合比方案,即水泥:石灰:硅粉:Na2SO4:表面活性剂=10:1:3:0.5:0.1,将该复合型材料与土、水按一定比例拌制而成的材料称为复合水泥土。
为了验证研制的复合水泥土的强度特性和耐久性,通过室内试验,对复合水泥土进行了不同掺量、不同养护龄期的无侧限抗压强度、间接抗拉强度、抗冻性、冻胀量试验,并与普通水泥土进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:复合水泥土的力学性能及耐久性能均明显优于普通水泥土。
建立了综合考虑各因素影响的普通水泥土和复合水泥土的强度预测模型,分析了二者的变形特性,推导了普通水泥土及复合水泥土的应力应变上升段和下降段本构方程。
结合SEM试验探讨了复合水泥土的微结构特点,分析了复合水泥材料与土、水、水泥浆之间的相互作用,在此基础上分析了复合水泥土的固化机理,从本质上的找出了复合水泥土强度特性优于普通水泥土的合理解释。最后,通过室内变形及损伤试验,分析了复合水泥土的细观损伤机制及其损伤演化规律,建立了单轴压缩条件下的弹塑性损伤模型。
The goal of the research is to develop“green”construction materials, i.e. to develop a new construction material– composite cement soil using the local materials such as soil, mine residues and industrial wastes. A composite cement material with silt clay was developed to adapt to the cold areas, and the optimal ratio of the composites was obtained. The experiments and tests of strength, endurance, damage, microstructure, etc. were performed. The interactions of composite cement material with soil, water, cement grout were analyzed. The solidification of the composite cement was studied and the damage characteristics were analysised as well, which provide the experiment data and theory for further study and application.
The mechanical properties of ordinary cement such as compressive resistance, indirect tensile resistance, and the endurance property such as freezing resistance, impermeability were tested, the main factors to impact the properties of ordinary cement were determined. 8 materials were selected as the cement additives through the alternative comparison. Each additive was tested for the cement soil. The experiment comparison was done for all the additives with the 2 important indexes, i.e. strength and freezing resistance. The impacts and the property improvement of each additive were summarized. The main factors and their importance that affect the strength and freezing resistance of cement were determined by orthogonal test. An optimal mix ratio of the composite material with better quality and eocnomic cost was developed through observation,variance analysis and complementary experiments, the mix ratio is: cement: lime: silica fume: Na2SO4: surfactant = 10:1:3:0.5:0.1. The composite material mixed with soil, water in certain ratio is so called composite cement soil.
In order to varify and test the strength and endurance of the composite cement soil, the unconfined compression resistance, indirect tensile resistance, freezing resistance, and frost heave were tested in the lab with different additive quantity, different curing periods, and the comparison analysis with ordinary cement was performed. The results show that the mechanical properties and endurance of the composite cement soil are significantly better than that of ordinary cement.
The strength prediction models of composite cement soil and ordinary cement considering all impact factors were developed, and the deformation properties of the two materials were analysised. The constitutive equation of descending and ascending of stress and strain of ordinary cement and the composite cement soil were derived.
The microstructure of the composite cement soil was studied with the SEM experiment, the interactions of the composite material with soil, water, cement grout were analyzed, based on the analysis, the solidification of the composite cement soil was analyzed, the inherent nature that the strengh of the composite cement soil was better than that of ordinary cement was reasonablly explained. The damage microstructure and damage evolution of the composite cement soil was analyzed based on the deformation and damage tests in the lab, the elastic and plastic damage model under uniaxial compression stress was developed.
引文
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