心电脉搏信号同步采集分析系统的研究
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摘要
心电信号和脉搏波信号均包含着丰富的人体生理信息,可以很好的反映出身体各子系统的生理状态和病理变化,广泛地应用于各种临床病症的检测和诊断之中。随着科学技术的日益发展,在现在医学技术中,通过对心电信号和脉搏波信号的检测分析可以很有效的反映出人身体中的毛病,如心脏病,心血管疾病等。但是由于心电、脉搏波信号都是非线性、非平稳的微弱信号,很容易淹没在噪声中而无法正确的得到有关生理、病理的信息。因此,如何解决心电、脉搏波信号噪声的问题将直接影响病症诊断的准确率。
众所周知,心电信号和脉搏波信号之间存在着本质的联系,它们的周期相同,可以利用心电信号的R波来增大脉搏波本身所具有的信息量,也可以利用脉搏波来增大心电信号的信息量。心电波形中的R波与脉搏波的波峰与波谷之间存在着一定的时延关系。根据R波可以将脉搏波划分为一个个周期,可以在一个周期内确定脉搏波的波峰与波谷,也可以根据它们之间的时延关系,进一步确定波峰与波谷的范围。它们之间的实验关系依赖于心电电极的位置及受试者本人。实验结果表明,受试者的身高越高,胳膊越长,体重越重,脉搏波的波峰与R波之间的时延就越大。因此,本论文设计了一个心电、脉搏信号同步采集系统,研究这两类信号的内在联系,揭示信号间规律,抑制噪声对信号的影响,提高对病症检测的准确率,更好的为人体的健康状态判断提供更丰富的信息。
本文主要进行基于MSP430的心电脉搏信号同步采集分析系统的研究。根据人体心电信号和脉搏波信号的特征,设计性能优良的心电、脉搏波信号采集系统,选用超低功耗16位单片机MSP430F149和大容量Flash存储器对采集的心电信号和脉搏波信号进行记录、处理,所记录的心电、脉搏波数据可通过RS232接口向微机传送。此系统带有液晶显示器,能显示所采集的心电波形和脉搏波形,配合按键提供友好的中文菜单,操作简便。该监护仪能长期、连续、可靠、稳定的工作,具有体积小、存储容量大、功耗低等特点,便于随身携带,使用方便。
最后,我们还利用Matlab编写了一个在微机上运行的心电、脉搏波信号对心律失常检测的分析软件。微机在接收心电、脉搏波数据后,可进行功能更完善的心电、脉搏波数据分析。
ECG and pulse wave signals contain abundant of human physiological information, and can reflect the physiological and pathological changes in physical subsystems effectively. Therefore, they are widely used in various of clinical disease detection and diagnosis. With the development of science and technology in medical technology, physical disfunctions, such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease can be effectively reflected through ECG and pulse wave signal detection and analysis. However, ECG and pulse wave signals are non-linear, non-stationary as well as weak signals and can be easily affected by noise, objective and accurate diagnosing result could not be properly reflected through a single ECG signal or pulse wave detection,. Therefore, how to solve the problem of noise which contained in ECG and pulse signal will directly affect the accuracy of disease diagnosis.
As we all known, ECG and pulse wave signal have essential relationship. They have same periods, the R-wave of ECG can be used to increase the information of pulse wave, and pulse wave signal also can be used to increase ECG information. For example, there is a delay between R-wave in the ECG waveform and peak and valley in pulse wave. According R-wave, pulse wave can be divided into a series of periods, and the peak and valley in a certain period also can be determined. The scope of wave peak and valley can be defined based on their delay relationship. Experimental relationships between them dependent on the location of ECG electrodes and subjects himself. The experimental results show that the higher subject is, the longer arm is, and the heavier weight is, the longer delay between the peaks of pulse wave and R-wave can be reflected. Therefore, ECG and pulse signal synchronization acquisition system in this paper is designed to improve the accuracy of disease detection.
The research work in this paper is mainly based on MSP430 ECG synchronization pulse signal acquisition system. According to the characteristics of human ECG and pulse wave signal, high performance ECG and pulse wave transmission signal acquisition system is designed by applying ultra-low-power 16-bit microcontroller MSP430F149 and large-capacity Flash memory to acquire and process ECG records in real-time. The record of ECG and pulse signal are transmitted to the computer through the RS232 interface. The system with LCD display, show the waveform of the ECG and pulse waveforms with interface-friendly Chinese menu which can be easily operated. The monitor have the advantage of long-term performance , stable, small shape, large capacity, low power consumption, convenient to use.
Finally, ECG and pulse wave signal analysis software for the detection of arrhythmia based on Matlab is designed. After receiving ECG data, ECG and pulse wave data analysis can be better performed with the software.
众所周知,心电信号和脉搏波信号之间存在着本质的联系,它们的周期相同,可以利用心电信号的R波来增大脉搏波本身所具有的信息量,也可以利用脉搏波来增大心电信号的信息量。心电波形中的R波与脉搏波的波峰与波谷之间存在着一定的时延关系。根据R波可以将脉搏波划分为一个个周期,可以在一个周期内确定脉搏波的波峰与波谷,也可以根据它们之间的时延关系,进一步确定波峰与波谷的范围。它们之间的实验关系依赖于心电电极的位置及受试者本人。实验结果表明,受试者的身高越高,胳膊越长,体重越重,脉搏波的波峰与R波之间的时延就越大。因此,本论文设计了一个心电、脉搏信号同步采集系统,研究这两类信号的内在联系,揭示信号间规律,抑制噪声对信号的影响,提高对病症检测的准确率,更好的为人体的健康状态判断提供更丰富的信息。
本文主要进行基于MSP430的心电脉搏信号同步采集分析系统的研究。根据人体心电信号和脉搏波信号的特征,设计性能优良的心电、脉搏波信号采集系统,选用超低功耗16位单片机MSP430F149和大容量Flash存储器对采集的心电信号和脉搏波信号进行记录、处理,所记录的心电、脉搏波数据可通过RS232接口向微机传送。此系统带有液晶显示器,能显示所采集的心电波形和脉搏波形,配合按键提供友好的中文菜单,操作简便。该监护仪能长期、连续、可靠、稳定的工作,具有体积小、存储容量大、功耗低等特点,便于随身携带,使用方便。
最后,我们还利用Matlab编写了一个在微机上运行的心电、脉搏波信号对心律失常检测的分析软件。微机在接收心电、脉搏波数据后,可进行功能更完善的心电、脉搏波数据分析。
ECG and pulse wave signals contain abundant of human physiological information, and can reflect the physiological and pathological changes in physical subsystems effectively. Therefore, they are widely used in various of clinical disease detection and diagnosis. With the development of science and technology in medical technology, physical disfunctions, such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease can be effectively reflected through ECG and pulse wave signal detection and analysis. However, ECG and pulse wave signals are non-linear, non-stationary as well as weak signals and can be easily affected by noise, objective and accurate diagnosing result could not be properly reflected through a single ECG signal or pulse wave detection,. Therefore, how to solve the problem of noise which contained in ECG and pulse signal will directly affect the accuracy of disease diagnosis.
As we all known, ECG and pulse wave signal have essential relationship. They have same periods, the R-wave of ECG can be used to increase the information of pulse wave, and pulse wave signal also can be used to increase ECG information. For example, there is a delay between R-wave in the ECG waveform and peak and valley in pulse wave. According R-wave, pulse wave can be divided into a series of periods, and the peak and valley in a certain period also can be determined. The scope of wave peak and valley can be defined based on their delay relationship. Experimental relationships between them dependent on the location of ECG electrodes and subjects himself. The experimental results show that the higher subject is, the longer arm is, and the heavier weight is, the longer delay between the peaks of pulse wave and R-wave can be reflected. Therefore, ECG and pulse signal synchronization acquisition system in this paper is designed to improve the accuracy of disease detection.
The research work in this paper is mainly based on MSP430 ECG synchronization pulse signal acquisition system. According to the characteristics of human ECG and pulse wave signal, high performance ECG and pulse wave transmission signal acquisition system is designed by applying ultra-low-power 16-bit microcontroller MSP430F149 and large-capacity Flash memory to acquire and process ECG records in real-time. The record of ECG and pulse signal are transmitted to the computer through the RS232 interface. The system with LCD display, show the waveform of the ECG and pulse waveforms with interface-friendly Chinese menu which can be easily operated. The monitor have the advantage of long-term performance , stable, small shape, large capacity, low power consumption, convenient to use.
Finally, ECG and pulse wave signal analysis software for the detection of arrhythmia based on Matlab is designed. After receiving ECG data, ECG and pulse wave data analysis can be better performed with the software.
引文
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[11]吴少军,刘光斌.实用低功耗设计—原理、器件与应用.人民邮电出版社.2003.67-159.
[12]李冰星,宋文锋.中医脉诊研究思考.中国中医基础医学杂志.1998.4(6):20-22.
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[14]Franklin S S,Khan S A,Wong N D,et al.Is pulse pressure useful in predicting risk for coronary heart disease.The Framingham Heart Study Circulation.1999.100(3):324-350.
[15]Choi Kyoung ho,Kim Do Young,Jung Sung J,et al.A recording of the Radial pulse wave system using photoplethysmogram.SICE Annual Conference 2005 in Okayama.2005.11(2):8-10.
[16]师黎,王丽佳.小波变换在心电信号处理及特征提取中的应用.郑州大学学报(工学版)2006.22-27.
[17]李安,李东.小波分析在心电信号数字滤波中的应用.计算机仿真.2001.18-6.
[18]刘图树.浅谈动态心电图使用中存在的问题.中华内科杂志.1996.149-150.
[19]Edward Finch.Embedded Internet System.Applications in Construction.proceeding.LCLC.2003.98(3):52-54.
[20]安源,沙洪,王慧燕,等.电话传输式心电远程监护系统的研制.医疗卫生装 备.2001.25(3):5-7.
[21]吕英俊,杨雪.便携式医疗监护仪的研制.仪器仪表学报.2005.26(8):484-489.
[22]吕维雪.医学仪器新进展.中国医疗器械杂志.1991.15(6).
[23]钱剑安.电话传送心电与计算机会诊网络的临床应用.心电学杂志.1996.4.
[24]蔡建新,张唯真.生物医学电子学.北京大学出版社.1997.129-150.
[25]梁海东.用相机的心电R波检测器.中国医疗器械杂志.1995.19(1):23-25.
[26]孙小顺.HOLTER的现状及发展方向.医疗设备.1997.15(2).245-250.
[27]Joseph J,Carr,John M.Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology.JohnWiley&Sons.1981.57-72.
[28]Ochiai R.Mechanis mafecting relationship between pulse wave transit time and blood pressure in isoflurane anesthetized dogs.Anesthesia & Analgesia.1998.86(4):202-222.
[29]郭继鸿.心电学进展.北京医科大学出版社.2002:22-24。
[30]陈康宁.心电图的电话遥测.现代通信.1984.56-58.
[31]师黎,王丽佳.小波变换在心电信号处理及特征提取中的应用.郑州大学学报(工学版).2006.22-27.
[32]周玉珍.简明心电图手册.人民军医出版社.2002.
[33]刘克球,等.生物医学电子学.北京大学出版社.1988.
[34]MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide.
[35]Low Cost,Low Power Instrumentation Amplifier AD620.
[36]OPA131 General Purpose Fet-INPUT OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS.
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