地震解释中的图像处理方法与技术研究
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摘要
近年来,随着科学技术的迅速发展,在石油、天然气勘探领域中,地震资料解释和地质综合研究有了飞速发展,技术和方法不断创新,以地震相干解释技术、地震相分析技术、波阻抗反演技术、储层预测技术、三维可视化解释技术等为代表的一系列新的地震解释技术在实际工作中得到了全面推广应用和发展。数字图像处理,就是把数字图像经过一些特定数理模式的加工处理,以达到有利于人眼视觉或某种接收系统所需要的图像信息的过程。如对被噪声污染的图像除去噪声,对信息微弱的图像进行增强处理,对失真的图像进行几何校正等。随着计算机软、硬件技术的突飞猛进,以及数字处理技术的不断发展,数字图像处理在科学研究、资源勘查、国防以及现代管理决策等各行各业都得到越来越多的应用。
本课题的目标是面向油田地震勘探解释中的具体问题,研究图像处理中的图像去噪、边缘检测、图像增强等理论方法和实现技术,并应用到地震解释中的断层多边形提取、储层预测等实际领域,逐步取代以往地震资料解释的“手工时代”。开发出能够解决具体问题的应用软件系统,为油田的勘探、开发提供服务。因此,该课题的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本论文的主要研究内容和取得的成果包括：
(1)建立了小波变换与中值滤波相结合的地震图像去噪方法。利用小波变换与中值滤波的优点,结合图像边缘信息的特点,提出一种新的图像去噪方法,该方法在有效去除噪声的同时,较好地保持了图像的边缘信息。通过平滑区域及灰度均匀度来选择受噪声干扰最小的区域,并以此来对目标像素进行相应处理。
(2)提出了一种多尺度自适应的图像边缘检测算法。针对传统边界跟踪算法对有多个公共点的目标只能提取一条外边界轮廓的缺陷,提出一种改进的多尺度自适应的边界跟踪算法,该算法不仅能成功跟踪图像中孤立的目标边界,而且对有多个公共点的目标能分别进行边界跟踪与提取。
(3)构建了一种基于模糊集的地震图像增强方法。在分析、研究Pal-King模糊增强算法原理的基础上,构造了新的隶属函数和模糊增强算子,并改进Pal-King模糊增强算法的不足,在保证图像整体增强效果的同时,保留了图像中低灰度值的边缘信息,提高了算法的效率。另外,对基于小波变换的地震图像增强方法也进行了初步研究。
(4)综合运用滤波去噪、锐化、边缘检测、边缘跟踪提取、图像增强等数字图像处理技术,设计开发了相干切片断层多边形检测系统和储层预测系统。
In recent years,with the rapid development of science and technology in fields of oil and gas exploration,seismic data interpretation and comprehensive geological study technology has got a rapid development,new technology and methods emerge endlessly, new seismic data interpretation of coherent interpretation of seismic technology,seismic facies analysis,wave impedance inversion,reservoir prediction and three-dimensional visualization technology has got a comprehensive application and development.
Digital Image Processing means that,digital image is processed through some specific mathematical mode to reach the process which is beneficial to visual sense or image information some acceptive systems need. Like wiping out interferences form image polluted by signal interferences,enhancing image in which the information is weak and applying the method of geometry correction on distorted image.
With the rapid development of computer software and hardware technology,and the continuous development of digital processing technology,digital image processing is getting more and more applications in scientific research,exploration,national defense,modern management decision-making and other industries.
The subject goal is for the specific issues of the seismic exploration explanation for oil,to research the techniques of image denoising,edge detection,image enhancement and other theoretical methods and implementation techniques,which are applied in fields of the extraction of the fault polygons in seismic implementation,practical areas such as reservoir prediction,gradually to replace the previous seismic interpretation of the "hand-era",developing application software systems to solve specific problems,for oil field exploration,development services.Therefore,the issue if of important theoretical significance and application value.
The software system which can solve specific problems can supply services for oil field exploration and development. Therefore,the study of the topic is very important to the exploration and development of oil field.
The main contents of this paper and the results achieved include:
(1 Establishes wavelet transform and the combination of median filtering method of the seismic image denoising. Using the advantages of wavelet transform,combining the characteristics of the image edge information,a new image denoising method is given which can remove the noise effectively,. Meanwhile,the method is able to keep the image edge information well. Select the region affected by the minimum noise through smooth regions and gray uniformity,to deal with the target pixel.
(2)Proposes a multi-scale adaptive edge detection algorithm.For traditional boundary tracking algorithm can only extract one outer boundary contour for the target of the multiple common point,an improved multi-scale adaptive algorithm for boundary tracking is proposed,which can not only successfully track the isolated border in the target image,but also several common points on the target tracking and boundary can be extracted separately.
(3)Constructs a fuzzy set-based image enhancement method of seismic image,and a new membership function,fuzzy enhancement operator,which is based on the analysis and research on Pal-King fuzzy enhancement algorithm.Besides improved Pal-King fuzzy enhancement algorithm.Retain the image edge information of low gray value and ensure the overall image enhancement effects.In addition,the seismic wavelet-based image enhancement method also conducted a preliminary study.
(4)Comprehensively uses filtering noise reduction,sharpening,edge detection,edge tracking extraction,image enhancement and other digital image processing technology,designs and develops coherent fault polygons slice detection system and reservoir prediction system.
本课题的目标是面向油田地震勘探解释中的具体问题,研究图像处理中的图像去噪、边缘检测、图像增强等理论方法和实现技术,并应用到地震解释中的断层多边形提取、储层预测等实际领域,逐步取代以往地震资料解释的“手工时代”。开发出能够解决具体问题的应用软件系统,为油田的勘探、开发提供服务。因此,该课题的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本论文的主要研究内容和取得的成果包括：
(1)建立了小波变换与中值滤波相结合的地震图像去噪方法。利用小波变换与中值滤波的优点,结合图像边缘信息的特点,提出一种新的图像去噪方法,该方法在有效去除噪声的同时,较好地保持了图像的边缘信息。通过平滑区域及灰度均匀度来选择受噪声干扰最小的区域,并以此来对目标像素进行相应处理。
(2)提出了一种多尺度自适应的图像边缘检测算法。针对传统边界跟踪算法对有多个公共点的目标只能提取一条外边界轮廓的缺陷,提出一种改进的多尺度自适应的边界跟踪算法,该算法不仅能成功跟踪图像中孤立的目标边界,而且对有多个公共点的目标能分别进行边界跟踪与提取。
(3)构建了一种基于模糊集的地震图像增强方法。在分析、研究Pal-King模糊增强算法原理的基础上,构造了新的隶属函数和模糊增强算子,并改进Pal-King模糊增强算法的不足,在保证图像整体增强效果的同时,保留了图像中低灰度值的边缘信息,提高了算法的效率。另外,对基于小波变换的地震图像增强方法也进行了初步研究。
(4)综合运用滤波去噪、锐化、边缘检测、边缘跟踪提取、图像增强等数字图像处理技术,设计开发了相干切片断层多边形检测系统和储层预测系统。
In recent years,with the rapid development of science and technology in fields of oil and gas exploration,seismic data interpretation and comprehensive geological study technology has got a rapid development,new technology and methods emerge endlessly, new seismic data interpretation of coherent interpretation of seismic technology,seismic facies analysis,wave impedance inversion,reservoir prediction and three-dimensional visualization technology has got a comprehensive application and development.
Digital Image Processing means that,digital image is processed through some specific mathematical mode to reach the process which is beneficial to visual sense or image information some acceptive systems need. Like wiping out interferences form image polluted by signal interferences,enhancing image in which the information is weak and applying the method of geometry correction on distorted image.
With the rapid development of computer software and hardware technology,and the continuous development of digital processing technology,digital image processing is getting more and more applications in scientific research,exploration,national defense,modern management decision-making and other industries.
The subject goal is for the specific issues of the seismic exploration explanation for oil,to research the techniques of image denoising,edge detection,image enhancement and other theoretical methods and implementation techniques,which are applied in fields of the extraction of the fault polygons in seismic implementation,practical areas such as reservoir prediction,gradually to replace the previous seismic interpretation of the "hand-era",developing application software systems to solve specific problems,for oil field exploration,development services.Therefore,the issue if of important theoretical significance and application value.
The software system which can solve specific problems can supply services for oil field exploration and development. Therefore,the study of the topic is very important to the exploration and development of oil field.
The main contents of this paper and the results achieved include:
(1 Establishes wavelet transform and the combination of median filtering method of the seismic image denoising. Using the advantages of wavelet transform,combining the characteristics of the image edge information,a new image denoising method is given which can remove the noise effectively,. Meanwhile,the method is able to keep the image edge information well. Select the region affected by the minimum noise through smooth regions and gray uniformity,to deal with the target pixel.
(2)Proposes a multi-scale adaptive edge detection algorithm.For traditional boundary tracking algorithm can only extract one outer boundary contour for the target of the multiple common point,an improved multi-scale adaptive algorithm for boundary tracking is proposed,which can not only successfully track the isolated border in the target image,but also several common points on the target tracking and boundary can be extracted separately.
(3)Constructs a fuzzy set-based image enhancement method of seismic image,and a new membership function,fuzzy enhancement operator,which is based on the analysis and research on Pal-King fuzzy enhancement algorithm.Besides improved Pal-King fuzzy enhancement algorithm.Retain the image edge information of low gray value and ensure the overall image enhancement effects.In addition,the seismic wavelet-based image enhancement method also conducted a preliminary study.
(4)Comprehensively uses filtering noise reduction,sharpening,edge detection,edge tracking extraction,image enhancement and other digital image processing technology,designs and develops coherent fault polygons slice detection system and reservoir prediction system.
引文
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