杭州市民工子弟学龄儿童伤害流行特征及相关危险因素研究
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摘要
本研究旨在探索杭州市民工子弟学龄儿童伤害的流行特征并与本地学龄儿童相比较,研究其伤害的相关危险因素,为完善学生伤害防制措施提供科学依据。研究采用描述性流行病学的方法,通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样,在杭州市下城区、拱墅区共随机抽取8所学校,其中2所民工小学、2所民工中学、2所本地小学及2所本地中学。再在每所学校的每个年级各随机抽取2个班级作为调查对象,进行问卷调查。以Excel2000及SPSS13.0对问卷进行整理和统计分析,结果显示:杭州市民工子弟学生中男生所占比例较高,民工子弟有较多的伤害危险行为,对伤害的认识和家庭社会环境不如本地户籍学生,较本地户籍学生更易发生伤害,其伤害流行特征不同于本地户籍学生可能与其所处的家庭社会环境有关。民工子弟学生的多发性伤害发生率及伤害年均发生数均明显高于本地户籍学生。民工子弟平均每例伤害造成的医疗花费高于本地户籍学生,而民工家庭的经济收入和子女医疗保障情况远不如本地户籍学生。伤害给民工子弟家庭造成的经济负担远远大于本地户籍学生家庭。应是学生伤害防制工作的重点对象。
目前国内极少有关于民工子弟伤害的相关专题研究。本研究为完善杭州市学生伤害防制措施提供了科学依据。同时对民工子弟这一弱势群体健康的关注,是体现社会公平性的一项有益举措,有利于全面提高少年儿童的整体素质。
The object of this survey was to study the prevalence character of children of migrant workers in Hangzhou different from the native-born school age children. Explored the influencing factor of it,and perfect our prevention measure on school children injury.
A cross-sectional survey of 3582 students enrolled covered 4 schools of migrant workers' children and 4 schools of native-born children through stratified cluster random sampling from all schools in Xiacheng and Gongshu section in Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province in southeast China was conducted to collect information by questionnaire,and was established during Apr.4 to 15 in 2007.
All questionnaires were uniformly coded,and then input into computer for double times.After revising and correcting the data,statistical analysis was carried out. Distributional characteristics of qualitative variables between migrant workers' children and native-born children were analyzed by x~2 tests or t tests,and a non-conditional Logistic model was used for estimations of OR values for childhood injuries of risk factors.All analyses were performed with SPSS for Windows 13.0 and Excel 2000.
The school age children of migrant workers in Hangzhou city had a higher proportion of boys,and had more risk behaving of injury,lower level of injury knowledge and family social environment compared with the native-born children,it's epidemiological characteristics of injury was different from the native-born children's. The average medical cost of per injury patient of migrant worker's child was significantly higher than that of the native-born child,but the level of family financial income of migrant workers were far below the local family.And the proportion of having social health insurance for children was lower in migrant children than in native-born children.The financial burden caused by injury was far heavier in the migrant families than the native families.The children of migrant workers should be the focus target of the child injury prevention and control,it is necessary to carry out comprehensive and effective measures on it.
There is little study on injury of migrant workers' children in China by far.This study provides a scientific basis for improving injury prevention and control measures of students in Hangzhou.The children of migrant workers is the vulnerable group in the society,Paying more attention to their health is a helpful action that incarnating the fairness of the community,and it is helpful to improve the health quality of the children overall.
目前国内极少有关于民工子弟伤害的相关专题研究。本研究为完善杭州市学生伤害防制措施提供了科学依据。同时对民工子弟这一弱势群体健康的关注,是体现社会公平性的一项有益举措,有利于全面提高少年儿童的整体素质。
The object of this survey was to study the prevalence character of children of migrant workers in Hangzhou different from the native-born school age children. Explored the influencing factor of it,and perfect our prevention measure on school children injury.
A cross-sectional survey of 3582 students enrolled covered 4 schools of migrant workers' children and 4 schools of native-born children through stratified cluster random sampling from all schools in Xiacheng and Gongshu section in Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province in southeast China was conducted to collect information by questionnaire,and was established during Apr.4 to 15 in 2007.
All questionnaires were uniformly coded,and then input into computer for double times.After revising and correcting the data,statistical analysis was carried out. Distributional characteristics of qualitative variables between migrant workers' children and native-born children were analyzed by x~2 tests or t tests,and a non-conditional Logistic model was used for estimations of OR values for childhood injuries of risk factors.All analyses were performed with SPSS for Windows 13.0 and Excel 2000.
The school age children of migrant workers in Hangzhou city had a higher proportion of boys,and had more risk behaving of injury,lower level of injury knowledge and family social environment compared with the native-born children,it's epidemiological characteristics of injury was different from the native-born children's. The average medical cost of per injury patient of migrant worker's child was significantly higher than that of the native-born child,but the level of family financial income of migrant workers were far below the local family.And the proportion of having social health insurance for children was lower in migrant children than in native-born children.The financial burden caused by injury was far heavier in the migrant families than the native families.The children of migrant workers should be the focus target of the child injury prevention and control,it is necessary to carry out comprehensive and effective measures on it.
There is little study on injury of migrant workers' children in China by far.This study provides a scientific basis for improving injury prevention and control measures of students in Hangzhou.The children of migrant workers is the vulnerable group in the society,Paying more attention to their health is a helpful action that incarnating the fairness of the community,and it is helpful to improve the health quality of the children overall.
引文
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[3]杨功焕,周脉耕,黄正京,等.中国人群1991-2000年伤害死亡的流行趋势和疾病负担.中华流行病学杂志2004,25(3):193-198.
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[5]李继光,王海龙,周宝森.伤害死亡的年龄分布特征及减寿评估[J].中国卫生统计,2002,19(5):265-267.
[6]朱晓霞,金达丰,方顺源,等.杭州1996-2005年伤害死亡流行趋势及对居民健康状况的影响[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(3):211-213.
[7]朱晓霞,金达丰,方顺源,等.杭州市学龄儿童伤害死亡流行特征分析[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(4):318-319.
[8]王声湧,郭畅,张贵云,等.广东省四城市青少年伤害发生状况及社会经济损失.中华预防医学杂志,2000,34:203-205.
[9]Kendrick D,Marsh R Injury prevention programs in primary care:a high risk group or a whole population approach[J].Inj Prey,1997;3(1):170-175.
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