基于调谐质量阻尼器的大跨楼板振动控制
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摘要
在我国经济建设和文化的不断发展下,瑜伽、健身操和体育活动等有节奏运动正成为人们日常生活中不可缺少的一部分,使得人们对于体育场馆等基础设施的需求越来越大。随着高强轻质材料、新结构形式和大空间结构的运用,大跨度楼盖结构大量运用于体育馆等公共建筑中。大跨度楼板跨度大、自重轻、自振频率低,使得这些结构在人活动作用下很容易产生较为显著的动力响应,这些动力响应往往不足以为结构带来安全性问题,但是常常会给结构中的人带来不适感。因此,开展基于人体舒适度的大跨楼盖结构动力响应以及减振体系的研究具有十分重要意义。
本文以大连市民健身中心为工程背景,对其三层大跨悬挑楼盖在人活动作用下进行舒适度分析及振动控制。主要的研究内容有以下几个方面：
(1)简要介绍了国内外重要的结构振动舒适度的评价标准和设计准则,通过对比其优缺点及适用范围,选定适合本文进行评价的标准,同时也为舒适度的评价提供了理论背景。
(2)综合文献资料对人致结构振动理论进行了细致的阐述,包括单人荷载致梁振动理论和人群移动荷载致楼板振动理论。通过对国内外多年来人行荷载模型的研究成果总结,给出了本文所用的单步落足荷载模型、单人连续行走、节奏性运动下荷载模型以及随机荷载模型。
(3)针对大连市民健身中心的大跨度悬挑楼板进行舒适度分析。采用SAP2000有限元软件对大跨度悬挑楼板在人群荷载作用下的动力响应进行计算,并参照国际标准化组织ISO给出的楼板竖向振动峰值加速度基准曲线,对结构的舒适度情况进行评价。最后通过设计合理的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)参数,对大连市民健身中心的大跨悬挑楼板进行减振控制,通过分析对比减振前和减振后的最大加速度值,结果表明TMD可以有效地减小楼板的动力响应,使结构体系满足舒适度的要求,从而提高结构的安全性和适用性。
With the continuous economic construction and cultural development of China, the rhythm movements such as yoga, aerobics and sports activities are becoming an indispensable part of daily life, which makes people have more and more demand on infrastructures such as sports stadium. With the use of high-strength lightweight materials, new structure forms and large space structures, a large number of long-span floor structures have been used in public buildings such as gymnasiums. These structures have large span, light weight and low natural frequency. So these structures can easily lead to remarkably dynamic response by human activities. Although the dynamic response is not enough to result in structures' safety problem, it will take people a sense of discomfort. That is why it is of great significance to carry out the study on the dynamic response of the structure as well as the vibration control system of the long-span floor based on human comfort.
In this paper, Dalian citizens fitness center being taken as an engineering background, the third cantilevered floor vibration under human activities is analyzed, and the vibration comfort is controlled. The main research contents have been obtained as follows:
(1) The evaluation criteria and design standard of the major domestic and foreign structural vibration comfort were briefly introduced. An advisable evaluation criterion was chosen for this paper by means of comparing merits and demerits of these standards. At the same time it also provides a theoretical background for the evaluation of comfort.
(2) Based on the literatures, the theory of human-induced vibration was detailed described, incluing the theory of beam vibration caused by the single and the theory of floor vibration caused by the moving crowd. Through summarizing the research results of pedestrian load model at home and abroad over the years, the load model of single-step fall foot,single continuous walking, rhythmic movement was given as well as the random vibration model was formulated in the paper.
(3) Comfort analysis is carried out for long-span cantilevered floor of Dalian citizens fitness center. The long-span cantilevered floor's dynamic responses are calculated by the use of SAP2000software. The comfortableness for human in the structure is evaluated, referring to the vertical peak acceleration benchmark curve given by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Finally, the tuned mass dampers (TMD) with the reasonable parameters are installed in the long-span cantilevered floor of Dalian Citizens Fitness Center to control the floor vibration. The dynamic analyses of structures with TMD are performed. The results are shown that the use of TMD can effectively reduce the floor vibration, make sure structure system satisfy comfort degree request, thus enhance the structure the security and the serviceability.
本文以大连市民健身中心为工程背景,对其三层大跨悬挑楼盖在人活动作用下进行舒适度分析及振动控制。主要的研究内容有以下几个方面：
(1)简要介绍了国内外重要的结构振动舒适度的评价标准和设计准则,通过对比其优缺点及适用范围,选定适合本文进行评价的标准,同时也为舒适度的评价提供了理论背景。
(2)综合文献资料对人致结构振动理论进行了细致的阐述,包括单人荷载致梁振动理论和人群移动荷载致楼板振动理论。通过对国内外多年来人行荷载模型的研究成果总结,给出了本文所用的单步落足荷载模型、单人连续行走、节奏性运动下荷载模型以及随机荷载模型。
(3)针对大连市民健身中心的大跨度悬挑楼板进行舒适度分析。采用SAP2000有限元软件对大跨度悬挑楼板在人群荷载作用下的动力响应进行计算,并参照国际标准化组织ISO给出的楼板竖向振动峰值加速度基准曲线,对结构的舒适度情况进行评价。最后通过设计合理的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)参数,对大连市民健身中心的大跨悬挑楼板进行减振控制,通过分析对比减振前和减振后的最大加速度值,结果表明TMD可以有效地减小楼板的动力响应,使结构体系满足舒适度的要求,从而提高结构的安全性和适用性。
With the continuous economic construction and cultural development of China, the rhythm movements such as yoga, aerobics and sports activities are becoming an indispensable part of daily life, which makes people have more and more demand on infrastructures such as sports stadium. With the use of high-strength lightweight materials, new structure forms and large space structures, a large number of long-span floor structures have been used in public buildings such as gymnasiums. These structures have large span, light weight and low natural frequency. So these structures can easily lead to remarkably dynamic response by human activities. Although the dynamic response is not enough to result in structures' safety problem, it will take people a sense of discomfort. That is why it is of great significance to carry out the study on the dynamic response of the structure as well as the vibration control system of the long-span floor based on human comfort.
In this paper, Dalian citizens fitness center being taken as an engineering background, the third cantilevered floor vibration under human activities is analyzed, and the vibration comfort is controlled. The main research contents have been obtained as follows:
(1) The evaluation criteria and design standard of the major domestic and foreign structural vibration comfort were briefly introduced. An advisable evaluation criterion was chosen for this paper by means of comparing merits and demerits of these standards. At the same time it also provides a theoretical background for the evaluation of comfort.
(2) Based on the literatures, the theory of human-induced vibration was detailed described, incluing the theory of beam vibration caused by the single and the theory of floor vibration caused by the moving crowd. Through summarizing the research results of pedestrian load model at home and abroad over the years, the load model of single-step fall foot,single continuous walking, rhythmic movement was given as well as the random vibration model was formulated in the paper.
(3) Comfort analysis is carried out for long-span cantilevered floor of Dalian citizens fitness center. The long-span cantilevered floor's dynamic responses are calculated by the use of SAP2000software. The comfortableness for human in the structure is evaluated, referring to the vertical peak acceleration benchmark curve given by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Finally, the tuned mass dampers (TMD) with the reasonable parameters are installed in the long-span cantilevered floor of Dalian Citizens Fitness Center to control the floor vibration. The dynamic analyses of structures with TMD are performed. The results are shown that the use of TMD can effectively reduce the floor vibration, make sure structure system satisfy comfort degree request, thus enhance the structure the security and the serviceability.
引文
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[3]MAHMOUD MOHAMAD SAID KHONCARLY, Ph. D. Investigation of current practice in design against building floor vibration 1997.
[4]Khalid Ibraheem Al-Hulwah, Ph. D. Floor vibration control using three-degree-of-freedom tuned mass dampers.2005
[5]S. S. Law, Z. M. Wu and S. L. Chan. Vibration control study of a Suspension footbridge using hybrid slotted bolted connection elements. Engineering Structures,2004:107-116.
[6]郑凯锋.独特的伦敦千年桥及其加固方案.国际学术动态,2001(4)：53-54.
[7]Kerr S. C. Bishop N. M. W. Human induced loading on flexible staircases. Engineering Structures, No.23,2001:37-45.
[8]娄宇,黄健,吕佐超.楼板体系振动舒适度设计[M].北京,科学出版社.2012.
[9]李爱群,张志强,徐庆阳.建筑减振粘滞阻尼器工程应用新进展.建筑结构.第36卷增刊.2006.6
[10]威廉.冯特著。李维,沈烈敏译.人类与动物心理学论稿,杭州,浙江教育出版社.1997.
[11]Reiher, H., Meister, F. J. The sensitiveness of the human body to vibrations, Forschung (VDI—Berlin),1931:381-386.
[12]ISO 6897. Guide to the Evaluation of Responses of Occupants of Fixed Structures espedally Building and Off-shore Structures, to Low-frequency Horizontal Motion (0.063 to 1 rlz). International Standards Organization.1984.
[13]宋志刚,金伟良.行走激励下大跨度楼板振动的最大加速度响应谱方法.建筑结构学报.第25卷(2).2004.4.
[14]宋志刚.基于烦恼率模型的工程结构振动舒适度设计新理论[D].杭州：浙江大学,2003：4-80.
[15]金伟良,宋志刚.高层建筑风振舒适度的不确定性分析[J].建筑科学.2002,18(2)：127-131.
[16]宋志刚,金伟良.振动建筑中人的烦恼率[J].强度与环境,2002,29(4)：51-59.
[17]宋志刚,金伟良.人对振动主观反应的模糊随机评价模型[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2002,10(3),287-294.
[18]宋志刚,金伟良.工程结构振动舒适度的抗力模型[J].浙江大学学报.2004,：38(8)：966-970.
[19]何浩祥,闫维明,张爱林,王卓.竖向环境振动下人与结构相互作用及舒适度研究[J].振动工程学报.2008,21(5)：446-450.
[20]何浩祥,纪金豹,孔丹丹.人群行走激励的数值模拟及动力耦合作用研究[J].计算力学学报.2011,28(1)：53-58.
[21]韩小雷,陈学伟,毛贵牛,郑宜,季静.基于人群行走仿真的楼板振动分析方法及反应谱公式推导[J].建筑科学.2009,25(5)：4-9.
[22]操礼林,李爱群,陈鑫,张志强.人群荷载下大型火车站房大跨楼盖振动舒适度控制研究[J].土木工程学报.2010,43：334-340.
[23]陈兴,张志强,李霆等.西安北站高架层楼盖舒适度分析与减振设计[J].建筑结构.2011,41(7)：40-49.
[24]周德良,李爱群,周朝阳等.长沙南站大跨度候车厅楼盖竖向舒适度分析与检测[J].建筑结构.2011,41(7)：24-30.
[25]叶继红,陈月明,沈世钊.减震系统在网壳结构中的应用[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2000,23(5)：10-13.
[26]T. T. Soong G. F. Dargush Passive Energy Dissipation Systems in Structural Engineering 2005.4.
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