移动学习中考试系统的研究
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摘要
随着WAP技术、蓝牙技术、3G技术以及GPRS系统的成功开发,以及移动电话和移动计算技术的迅速普及,移动学习作为一种新的学习方式应运而生。国内外展开了系列的研究,包括技术支持,系统架构,平台实现,学习材料制作等,这也为移动环境下考试系统的研究提供了技术和物质条件。
移动学习考试系统是基于项目反应理论,在移动环境下应用移动终端实现的自适应考试系统,这种考试系统可以随时随地满足考生的测试需求,能够主动适应考生的实际水平,从题库中挑选与考生水平相当的试题,并且根据作答结果评估其能力,直到比较精确的测试出考生能力水平为止,具有科学性,高效性和便捷性的特点。
本文在对移动学习理论和项目反应理论理论做了系统研究的基础上,设计并初步实现了一个基于项目反应理论的移动学习考试系统。着重解决了考试系统中选题过程和能力评估过程中存在的问题。选题是考试系统的核心内容,如何避免曝光率过大,如何在移动环境下减少系统的计算量,本文通过优化最大信息量选题算法初步解决了这个问题;能力评估是考试系统的第二个关键内容,如何在初始项目参数不精确的情况下进行能力评估,以及如何在特殊情况下解决不能评估的问题,本文通过应用优化的条件极大似然估计算法和联合极大似然估计算法,初步达到了能力评估的精度要求;考试终止是考试系统的第三个关键内容,本文联合应用定长与信息量控制算法,初步解决了考试冗长问题。
本文首先介绍了移动学习和自适应考试的内涵、发展现状和研究意义,讨论了项目反应理论和移动学习的相关技术,然后分析了系统的总体设计和各个模块设计,着重实现了选题和能力评估等重要功能,文章结尾指出了研究中存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望。
With the successful development of WAP technology, Bluetooth technology, 3G technology and the GPRS system, as well as the rapid popularization of mobile phones and mobile computing technology, it causes a new learning form-mobile learning. At home and abroad there are a series of studies, including technical support, system architecture, platform implementation, and study materials, which have provided technical and material conditions for the study of testing system in the mobile environment.
Testing system in mobile learning is a adaptive testing system which is based on item response theory in the mobile environment by mobile terminal, this testing system can test which meet the needs of candidates anytime and anywhere, it will take the initiative to adapt to the actual level of candidates, select the questions which similar with the level of candidates from the item database, and in accordance with the results to assess their abilities until get a more precise the ability level of candidates , it has scientific, efficiency and convenience features.
In this paper, mobile learning theory and item response theory have been done a systematic research, on the basis of them design and realize testing system in mobile learning based on item response theory. Focus on topics of item-selecting and the ability estimation in the testing system. Item-selecting strategy is the core issue of the testing system, how to avoid too much exposure, how in the mobile environment to reduce the system calculating. The maximum information amount algorithm in item-selecting has been optimized, which solve this problem; ability estimation is the another key issue in the testing system, how to evaluate when the initial item parameters is not inaccurate, how to solve the problem in the special circumstances which can not be assessed, as well as apply what kind of ability estimation algorithms at different stage, in this paper, maximum likelihood estimation algorithm and the joint maximum likelihood estimation algorithm have been used together and optimized which better meet the ability estimation requirements. After the test, at various stages there are given different ability estimation algorithms.
This paper introduces content of mobile learning and adaptive testing, development and research significance, discusses the technologies of item response theory and mobile learning, and then analyzes the system design and the modular design, focusing on the achievement of important functions such as item-selecting strategy and ability estimation, at the end of the article points out the problems and future prospects of the study.
移动学习考试系统是基于项目反应理论,在移动环境下应用移动终端实现的自适应考试系统,这种考试系统可以随时随地满足考生的测试需求,能够主动适应考生的实际水平,从题库中挑选与考生水平相当的试题,并且根据作答结果评估其能力,直到比较精确的测试出考生能力水平为止,具有科学性,高效性和便捷性的特点。
本文在对移动学习理论和项目反应理论理论做了系统研究的基础上,设计并初步实现了一个基于项目反应理论的移动学习考试系统。着重解决了考试系统中选题过程和能力评估过程中存在的问题。选题是考试系统的核心内容,如何避免曝光率过大,如何在移动环境下减少系统的计算量,本文通过优化最大信息量选题算法初步解决了这个问题;能力评估是考试系统的第二个关键内容,如何在初始项目参数不精确的情况下进行能力评估,以及如何在特殊情况下解决不能评估的问题,本文通过应用优化的条件极大似然估计算法和联合极大似然估计算法,初步达到了能力评估的精度要求;考试终止是考试系统的第三个关键内容,本文联合应用定长与信息量控制算法,初步解决了考试冗长问题。
本文首先介绍了移动学习和自适应考试的内涵、发展现状和研究意义,讨论了项目反应理论和移动学习的相关技术,然后分析了系统的总体设计和各个模块设计,着重实现了选题和能力评估等重要功能,文章结尾指出了研究中存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望。
With the successful development of WAP technology, Bluetooth technology, 3G technology and the GPRS system, as well as the rapid popularization of mobile phones and mobile computing technology, it causes a new learning form-mobile learning. At home and abroad there are a series of studies, including technical support, system architecture, platform implementation, and study materials, which have provided technical and material conditions for the study of testing system in the mobile environment.
Testing system in mobile learning is a adaptive testing system which is based on item response theory in the mobile environment by mobile terminal, this testing system can test which meet the needs of candidates anytime and anywhere, it will take the initiative to adapt to the actual level of candidates, select the questions which similar with the level of candidates from the item database, and in accordance with the results to assess their abilities until get a more precise the ability level of candidates , it has scientific, efficiency and convenience features.
In this paper, mobile learning theory and item response theory have been done a systematic research, on the basis of them design and realize testing system in mobile learning based on item response theory. Focus on topics of item-selecting and the ability estimation in the testing system. Item-selecting strategy is the core issue of the testing system, how to avoid too much exposure, how in the mobile environment to reduce the system calculating. The maximum information amount algorithm in item-selecting has been optimized, which solve this problem; ability estimation is the another key issue in the testing system, how to evaluate when the initial item parameters is not inaccurate, how to solve the problem in the special circumstances which can not be assessed, as well as apply what kind of ability estimation algorithms at different stage, in this paper, maximum likelihood estimation algorithm and the joint maximum likelihood estimation algorithm have been used together and optimized which better meet the ability estimation requirements. After the test, at various stages there are given different ability estimation algorithms.
This paper introduces content of mobile learning and adaptive testing, development and research significance, discusses the technologies of item response theory and mobile learning, and then analyzes the system design and the modular design, focusing on the achievement of important functions such as item-selecting strategy and ability estimation, at the end of the article points out the problems and future prospects of the study.
引文
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[4]德斯蒙德·基更.移动学习:下一代的学习--在亚洲开放大学协会第18届年会上的主题报告[J].开放教育研究,2004(6):22-27.
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[10]M-learning[DB/OL].http://www.m-learning.org/index.shtml,2007-11.
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[12]Ericsson Education Online[DB/OL]. http://learning.ericsson.net/mlearning2/resources.shtml,2008-02.
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[14]付卉.移动学习系统的设计与开发[D]:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学教育技术学,2005.
[15]戴海崎,丁树良,罗照盛.心理与教育统计测量专题研究文集[C].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2005.6-11.
[16]李虹,车宏生.计算机化考试的研究和发展[J].心理学动态,1999,7(2),24.
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[2]刘豫钧,鬲淑芳.移动学习--国外研究现状之综述[J].现代教育技术,2004,14(3): 12-14.
[3]叶成林,徐福荫,许骏.移动学习研究综述[J].电化教育研究,2004(3):12-17.
[4]德斯蒙德·基更.移动学习:下一代的学习--在亚洲开放大学协会第18届年会上的主题报告[J].开放教育研究,2004(6):22-27.
[5]余胜泉.《手持式网络学习系统在学科教学中的应用研究》课题实施方案[DB/OL]. http://www.xinjichu.cn/read.php/99.htm,2007-12.
[6]刘巍,徐鑫.浅谈移动学习[J].中国现代教育装备,2007(1):104-105.
[7]胡晓虹.追踪世界移动学习五范例[J].中国远程教育,2005(1):49-51.
[8] Stanford LearningLab[DB/OL]. http://sll.stanford.edu/projects/mobilelearning/,2008-01.
[9]MOBIlearn Group[DB/OL].ttp://www.mobilearn.org,2007-09.
[10]M-learning[DB/OL].http://www.m-learning.org/index.shtml,2007-11.
[11]《手持式网络学习系统在学科教学中的应用研究》课题实施方案[DB/OL].http://www.xinjichu.cn/read.php/99.htm,2008-01.
[12]Ericsson Education Online[DB/OL]. http://learning.ericsson.net/mlearning2/resources.shtml,2008-02.
[13]漆书青.现代测量理论在考试中的应用[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2003.4-7,192, 197-221,234-235,270-274,361-363.
[14]付卉.移动学习系统的设计与开发[D]:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中师范大学教育技术学,2005.
[15]戴海崎,丁树良,罗照盛.心理与教育统计测量专题研究文集[C].南昌:江西科学技术出版社,2005.6-11.
[16]李虹,车宏生.计算机化考试的研究和发展[J].心理学动态,1999,7(2),24.
[17]余民宁.IRT学理与应用[M].台北:教育测绘出版社,2005.13-18.
[18]漆书青,戴海崎,丁树良.现代教育与心理测量学原理.北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[19]张华华,程莹.计算机化自适应测验的发展和前景展望[J].考试研究,2005,1(1),20-22,32-33.
[20]姜火文.基于Web的自适应考试系统的研究与实现[D].成都:电子科技大学,2006.
[21]杨新斌.计算机化自适应考试系统的设计与实现[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2006.
[22]创建移动Web应用程序[DB/OL]. http://tech.163.com/05/1024/15/20RBOPSN0009159F.html,2005-10.
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