不同干预措施对青少年固定矫治患者口腔卫生维护的影响
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摘要
目的:比较不同干预措施对青少年固定矫治患者口腔卫生维护的影响,探讨一种患者易于接受并能长期坚持的口腔卫生维护办法。
方法:按照纳入和排除标准,选择青少年固定矫治患者210例,将其随机分为三组,分别为实验1组:复方茶多酚含漱液+口腔卫生强化组;实验2组:口腔卫生强化组;实验3组:对照组,每组70例。所有患者在干预前1周进行全口洁治,洁治后1周(基线)、干预后的第4、8及第12周时用牙龈指数(GI)、菌斑指数(PLI)对患者牙周状况进行检测,并在基线及复诊时对两个干预组的患者进行问卷调查,通过临床指标检测和患者主观感受评分,来评价干预措施的有效性。
结果:(1)干预前,实验各组各项观察指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),基线可比。
(2)GI:①组间比较:干预后第4、8及第12周时,各组组间比较GI均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01)。②组内比较:随着观察时间的延长,实验1组GI值在第4、8及12周时较基线时降低,经统计学分析,均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01);其它各个时间检测的GI值两两之间进行比较,均无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。实验2组GI值在基线时与第4周比较,第4周与第12周时比较,统计分析其有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01);而基线与第8周时比较GI值有显著性差异(P＜0.05);基线与第12周比较,第4周与第8周比较及第8周与第12周时比较,GI值均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。对照组GI值在基线、第4周、第8周及第12周时各不同,从基线至12周,GI逐渐上升,进行两两比较,均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01)。
(3)PLI:①组间比较:干预后第4、8周及第12周时,三个组PLI值各不相同,经方差分析,三个组两两间比较均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01)。②组内比较:实验1组PLI值基线时分别与第4、8及12周时比较,第4周与第12周及第8周与第12周时比较,PLI均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01),而第4周与第8周时比较,PLI值无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。实验2组PLI值在基线时与第4、8及第12周时比较均不相同,经统计分析有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01);第4周与第12周时比较,PLI有显著性差异(P＜0.05);第4周与第8周比较,第8周与第12周时比较,PLI值无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。对照组菌斑指数随着观察时间的延长呈逐渐增长趋势,基线时与第8、第12周,第4周与第8、12周及第8周与12周比较,PLI值有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01),第4周PLI值较基线时高,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。
(4)问卷调查:在两个干预组中,有75%以上的患者均赞同固定矫治期间医生给予的口腔卫生强化教育措施,且干预后赞同人数更多,各个调查项目显示同意率均有所增加,只有1至3例患者对所强化的口腔卫生知识及给予的措施仍“不知道”。80%以上的患者在第4、8及第12周时对含漱液的味道,带来的口气,舒适度及方便性几个方面均较满意,从第4周到第12周,患者满意率上升。
结论:两种干预措施均能提高患者的口腔卫生水平,且患者对实施的两种措施满意率高,对复方茶多酚含漱液反应良好,使用复方茶多酚含漱液配合患者口腔卫生强化教育更有助于患者长期积极的维护自身的口腔卫生,其可作为维护固定矫治患者口腔卫生的重要措施,具有良好的应用前景。
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of two different intervention measures on oral hygiene maintenance in adolescent patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance, and to explore a measure to maintain periodontium which was easy to accept for a long-term.
Methods: Inclusion and exclusion were used to select 210 subjects who were randomly divided into three groups, with different oral of hygiene prophylaxis, each group 70 patients. The experimental group one strengthened oral health education combined with using the local application of compound tea polyphenols gargle. The experimental group two only reinforced oral health education. The control group was treated with conventional oral hygiene instruction. The patients accepted scaling one week before intervention. The periodontal indexes were examined at baseline, 4, 8and 12weeks after intervention and questionnaire survey was conducted among the two experimental group patients in order to evaluate the validity of interventions by examining clinical index and subject perception of patients.
Results: (1) There were no significant differences for plaque index and gingival index among groups before intervention (P>0.05), the baseline was comparable.
(2) GI: The comparison among three groups :there were highly significant differences of the gingival index among the three groups at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after intervention(P<0.01). With the observational time prolonged ,the gingival index decreased at 4, 8, 12weeks compared with baseline in experimental group one(P<0.01). The gingival index was no significant among the other weeks(P>0.05). The gingival index were highly different between baseline and 4weeks, 4weeks and 12weeks in experimental group two(P<0.01); there was difference between baseline and 8weeks(P<0.05).There were no differences of gingival index between baseline and 12weeks, 4 and 8weeks, 8 and 12weeks(P>0.05).The gingival index worked up from baseline to 4, 8,12weeks in control group, there were notably significant differences between baseline, 4, 8 and 12weeks(P<0.01).
(3) PLI: The comparison among three groups: there were highly significant differences of the plaque index among the three groups at 4, 8 and 12weeks after intervention (P<0.01). There were highly significant differences of the plaque index between baseline and 4, 8 and 12 weeks, 4 and 12 weeks, 8 and 12 weeks in experimental group one(P<0.01), and no significant difference between 4 and 8weeks(P>0.05).There were highly significant differences between the baseline and 4, 8 and 12weeks (P<0.01), statistically significant differences between 4weeks and 12weeks (P<0.05), and no significant differences between 4 and 8weeks, 8 and 12weeks in experimental group two (P>0.05). With the extension of observation time, the plaque index gradually increased at 4, 8 and 12weeks. There were highly significant differences between the baseline and 8, the baseline and 12weeks, the 4weeks and 8weeks, 4weeks and 12weeks, the 8weeks and 12 weeks (P<0.01). The plaque index was higher than baseline in 4 weeks after the intervention , but there was no significant differences between them(P>0.05).
(4) Questionnaire survey: More than 75% patients approved the intervention measure, the data showed that more patients agreed with the reinforced oral hygiene prophylaxis after intervention. Only one or three patients didn't understand the oral health knowledge and the intervention measure. With the time prolonged, more than 80% patients satisfied with the taste, odor, comfort and convenience of compound tea polyphenols gargle. The satisfaction rate were gradually increased from 4weeks to 12weeks.
Conclusion: The datas of clinical examination and questionnaire investigation indicated that whether only strengthened oral health education or reinforced oral health education combined with local application of compound tea polyphenols gargle were helpful for improving oral health status and maintaining periodontium with fixed appliance, furthermore, using the extra compound tea polyphenols gargle was more effective than strengthened oralhealth education only.
方法:按照纳入和排除标准,选择青少年固定矫治患者210例,将其随机分为三组,分别为实验1组:复方茶多酚含漱液+口腔卫生强化组;实验2组:口腔卫生强化组;实验3组:对照组,每组70例。所有患者在干预前1周进行全口洁治,洁治后1周(基线)、干预后的第4、8及第12周时用牙龈指数(GI)、菌斑指数(PLI)对患者牙周状况进行检测,并在基线及复诊时对两个干预组的患者进行问卷调查,通过临床指标检测和患者主观感受评分,来评价干预措施的有效性。
结果:(1)干预前,实验各组各项观察指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),基线可比。
(2)GI:①组间比较:干预后第4、8及第12周时,各组组间比较GI均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01)。②组内比较:随着观察时间的延长,实验1组GI值在第4、8及12周时较基线时降低,经统计学分析,均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01);其它各个时间检测的GI值两两之间进行比较,均无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。实验2组GI值在基线时与第4周比较,第4周与第12周时比较,统计分析其有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01);而基线与第8周时比较GI值有显著性差异(P＜0.05);基线与第12周比较,第4周与第8周比较及第8周与第12周时比较,GI值均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。对照组GI值在基线、第4周、第8周及第12周时各不同,从基线至12周,GI逐渐上升,进行两两比较,均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01)。
(3)PLI:①组间比较:干预后第4、8周及第12周时,三个组PLI值各不相同,经方差分析,三个组两两间比较均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01)。②组内比较:实验1组PLI值基线时分别与第4、8及12周时比较,第4周与第12周及第8周与第12周时比较,PLI均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01),而第4周与第8周时比较,PLI值无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。实验2组PLI值在基线时与第4、8及第12周时比较均不相同,经统计分析有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01);第4周与第12周时比较,PLI有显著性差异(P＜0.05);第4周与第8周比较,第8周与第12周时比较,PLI值无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。对照组菌斑指数随着观察时间的延长呈逐渐增长趋势,基线时与第8、第12周,第4周与第8、12周及第8周与12周比较,PLI值有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01),第4周PLI值较基线时高,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。
(4)问卷调查:在两个干预组中,有75%以上的患者均赞同固定矫治期间医生给予的口腔卫生强化教育措施,且干预后赞同人数更多,各个调查项目显示同意率均有所增加,只有1至3例患者对所强化的口腔卫生知识及给予的措施仍“不知道”。80%以上的患者在第4、8及第12周时对含漱液的味道,带来的口气,舒适度及方便性几个方面均较满意,从第4周到第12周,患者满意率上升。
结论:两种干预措施均能提高患者的口腔卫生水平,且患者对实施的两种措施满意率高,对复方茶多酚含漱液反应良好,使用复方茶多酚含漱液配合患者口腔卫生强化教育更有助于患者长期积极的维护自身的口腔卫生,其可作为维护固定矫治患者口腔卫生的重要措施,具有良好的应用前景。
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of two different intervention measures on oral hygiene maintenance in adolescent patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance, and to explore a measure to maintain periodontium which was easy to accept for a long-term.
Methods: Inclusion and exclusion were used to select 210 subjects who were randomly divided into three groups, with different oral of hygiene prophylaxis, each group 70 patients. The experimental group one strengthened oral health education combined with using the local application of compound tea polyphenols gargle. The experimental group two only reinforced oral health education. The control group was treated with conventional oral hygiene instruction. The patients accepted scaling one week before intervention. The periodontal indexes were examined at baseline, 4, 8and 12weeks after intervention and questionnaire survey was conducted among the two experimental group patients in order to evaluate the validity of interventions by examining clinical index and subject perception of patients.
Results: (1) There were no significant differences for plaque index and gingival index among groups before intervention (P>0.05), the baseline was comparable.
(2) GI: The comparison among three groups :there were highly significant differences of the gingival index among the three groups at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after intervention(P<0.01). With the observational time prolonged ,the gingival index decreased at 4, 8, 12weeks compared with baseline in experimental group one(P<0.01). The gingival index was no significant among the other weeks(P>0.05). The gingival index were highly different between baseline and 4weeks, 4weeks and 12weeks in experimental group two(P<0.01); there was difference between baseline and 8weeks(P<0.05).There were no differences of gingival index between baseline and 12weeks, 4 and 8weeks, 8 and 12weeks(P>0.05).The gingival index worked up from baseline to 4, 8,12weeks in control group, there were notably significant differences between baseline, 4, 8 and 12weeks(P<0.01).
(3) PLI: The comparison among three groups: there were highly significant differences of the plaque index among the three groups at 4, 8 and 12weeks after intervention (P<0.01). There were highly significant differences of the plaque index between baseline and 4, 8 and 12 weeks, 4 and 12 weeks, 8 and 12 weeks in experimental group one(P<0.01), and no significant difference between 4 and 8weeks(P>0.05).There were highly significant differences between the baseline and 4, 8 and 12weeks (P<0.01), statistically significant differences between 4weeks and 12weeks (P<0.05), and no significant differences between 4 and 8weeks, 8 and 12weeks in experimental group two (P>0.05). With the extension of observation time, the plaque index gradually increased at 4, 8 and 12weeks. There were highly significant differences between the baseline and 8, the baseline and 12weeks, the 4weeks and 8weeks, 4weeks and 12weeks, the 8weeks and 12 weeks (P<0.01). The plaque index was higher than baseline in 4 weeks after the intervention , but there was no significant differences between them(P>0.05).
(4) Questionnaire survey: More than 75% patients approved the intervention measure, the data showed that more patients agreed with the reinforced oral hygiene prophylaxis after intervention. Only one or three patients didn't understand the oral health knowledge and the intervention measure. With the time prolonged, more than 80% patients satisfied with the taste, odor, comfort and convenience of compound tea polyphenols gargle. The satisfaction rate were gradually increased from 4weeks to 12weeks.
Conclusion: The datas of clinical examination and questionnaire investigation indicated that whether only strengthened oral health education or reinforced oral health education combined with local application of compound tea polyphenols gargle were helpful for improving oral health status and maintaining periodontium with fixed appliance, furthermore, using the extra compound tea polyphenols gargle was more effective than strengthened oralhealth education only.
引文
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[1]Mavreas D,Athanasiou AE.Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment:a systematic review.Eur J Orthod,2008;30(4):386-395
[2]M(u|¨)ssig E,Berger M,Komposch G,et al.Predictors for compliance in orthodontic treatment.Gesundheitswesen.2008;70(3):164-169
[3]刘红彦,姜潮,杨丽珠.青少年正畸患者在治疗中合作行为的研究.口腔正畸学杂志,2004;11(1):2-4
[4]Helm S,Kreiborg S,Solow B.Psychosocial implications of malocclusion:a 15-year follow-up studyin 30-year-old Danes.Am J Orthod,1985;87(2):110-118
[5]王晓荣,叶湘玉,牛百平等.青少年对牙颌状况认知水平及影响因素的研究.实用口腔医学杂志,1998;14(3):212-213
[6]Bos A,Hoogstraten J,Prahl-Andersen B.The theory of reasoned action and patient compliance during orthodontic treatment.Communit Dent Oral Epidemiol.2005;3(6):419-426
[7]Albino JE,Lawrence SD,Lopes CE,et al.Cooperation of adolescents in orthodontic treatment.J Behav Med.1991;14(1):53-70
[8]Baresch A,Witt E,Sahn G et al.Correlates of objective patient compliance with removable appliance wear.Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,1993;104(4):378-386
[9]龚耀先编著.修订的艾森克个性问卷手册.长沙:湖南医学院出版社,1983;2-31
[10]El-Mangoury NH.Orthodontic cooperation.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1981;80(6):604-622
[11]刘协和.艾森克个性问卷及艾森克个性理论.中华神经精神科杂志,1984;17(1):53
[12]贾骏,姚月玲,张铁等.艾森克人格因素对正常年轻人牙龈黏膜疼痛阈的影响.口腔医学纵横,2002;18(2):108
[13]Doll GM,Zentner A,Klages U et al.Relationship between patient discomfort, appliance acceptance and compliance in orthodontic therapy.J Orofac Orthop,2000;61(6):398-413
[14]Jones M,Chan C.The pain and discomfort experienced during orthodontic treatment:a randomized controlled clinical trail of two initial aligning arch wires.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1992;102(4):373-381
[15]Berqius M,Broberq AG,Hakeberq M et al.Prediction of prolonged pain experiences during orthodontic treatment.AmJ Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2008;133(3):339el-339e8
[16]Habibian M,Gelbier S,Munday BA.Perceived information needs in respect of orthodontics amongst 11-12-year-old girls:a study through health visitor sessions in schools.Int J Paediatr Dent,2003;13(5):348-355
[17]王卫亚,王海雪,林珠.正畸治疗中影响儿章配戴活动矫治器的心理分析.口腔正畸学志.1994;1(1):17-18
[18]李兴民,王明旭 主编.现代行为医学.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2000;262
[19]曹洪涛,胡志,徐晓超.新时期医患关系模式探讨.中国卫生事业管理,2003;3:168-169
[20]Sinha PK,Nanda RS,Mcneil DW.Perceived orthodontist behaviors that predic patient satisfaction,orthodontist-patient relationship,and patient adherence in orthodontic treatment.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1996;110(4):370-377
[21]Kilpelainen PV,Phillips C,Tulloch JF.Anterior tooth position and motivation for early treatment.Angel Orthod,1993;63(3):171-174
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[23]King J.Informed consent:does practice match conviction? J Am Coll Dent,2005;72(1):27-31
[24]Mallardi V.The origin of informed consent.Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital,2005;25(5):312-327
[25]Lew KK.Attitudes and perceptions of adults towards orthodontic treatment in an Asian community.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1993;21(1):31-35
[26]Mattick CR.Current products and practice section:religious,culutural,and ethi -cal dilemmas in orthodontics.J Orthod,2003;30(1):88-92
[27]张理义,主编.临床心理学.北京:人民军医出版社,2004;446
[28]Sammet-Hofmann I,Stuhr U,Meyer AE.Results and problems of time serie -sanalysis of individual observations in clientcentered and psychodynamic brief p -sychotherapy.Z Klin Psychol Psychopathol Psychother,1994;42(1):27-41
[29]Klages U,Serql HG,Burucker I.Relations between verbal behavior of the orth -odontist and communicative cooperation of the patient in regular orthodontic visi -ts.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1992;102(3):265-269
[30]吴林艳,雷勇华,李奉华等.口腔正畸患者遵医行为心理分析.医学临床研究,2004:21(12):1370-1372
[31]陈嵩,陈扬熙,云扬.错合畸形对大学生自我意识和人格倾向的影响.中华口腔医学杂志,2000;35(4):299
[32]杜跃华.正畸治疗中的疼痛反应.重庆医药,1998;27(2):136-137
[33]罗薇,杨秩,赖文莉.视模拟评分法评价多个临床因素对正畸初始疼痛的影响.实用口腔医学杂志,2007;23(6):867-869
[34]Bartlett BW,Firestone AR,Viq KW et al.The influence of a structured teleph -one call on orthodontic pain and anxiety.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2005:128(4):435-441
[35]胡辉,邓峰等.心理干预和布洛芬治疗牙科焦虑症患者正畸疼痛的对比研究.重庆医学,2007;36(4):295-297
[36]郑衍亮.固定正畸治疗时患者牙周疼痛影响因素的观察.中国行为医学科学,2001:10(4):323-325
[37]刘红彦,李惠山,贾凯等.青少年正畸患者在治疗中合作行为问卷的编制.中华口腔医学杂志,2005;40(2):141-143
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[1]Mavreas D,Athanasiou AE.Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment:a systematic review.Eur J Orthod,2008;30(4):386-395
[2]M(u|¨)ssig E,Berger M,Komposch G,et al.Predictors for compliance in orthodontic treatment.Gesundheitswesen.2008;70(3):164-169
[3]刘红彦,姜潮,杨丽珠.青少年正畸患者在治疗中合作行为的研究.口腔正畸学杂志,2004;11(1):2-4
[4]Helm S,Kreiborg S,Solow B.Psychosocial implications of malocclusion:a 15-year follow-up studyin 30-year-old Danes.Am J Orthod,1985;87(2):110-118
[5]王晓荣,叶湘玉,牛百平等.青少年对牙颌状况认知水平及影响因素的研究.实用口腔医学杂志,1998;14(3):212-213
[6]Bos A,Hoogstraten J,Prahl-Andersen B.The theory of reasoned action and patient compliance during orthodontic treatment.Communit Dent Oral Epidemiol.2005;3(6):419-426
[7]Albino JE,Lawrence SD,Lopes CE,et al.Cooperation of adolescents in orthodontic treatment.J Behav Med.1991;14(1):53-70
[8]Baresch A,Witt E,Sahn G et al.Correlates of objective patient compliance with removable appliance wear.Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop,1993;104(4):378-386
[9]龚耀先编著.修订的艾森克个性问卷手册.长沙:湖南医学院出版社,1983;2-31
[10]El-Mangoury NH.Orthodontic cooperation.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1981;80(6):604-622
[11]刘协和.艾森克个性问卷及艾森克个性理论.中华神经精神科杂志,1984;17(1):53
[12]贾骏,姚月玲,张铁等.艾森克人格因素对正常年轻人牙龈黏膜疼痛阈的影响.口腔医学纵横,2002;18(2):108
[13]Doll GM,Zentner A,Klages U et al.Relationship between patient discomfort, appliance acceptance and compliance in orthodontic therapy.J Orofac Orthop,2000;61(6):398-413
[14]Jones M,Chan C.The pain and discomfort experienced during orthodontic treatment:a randomized controlled clinical trail of two initial aligning arch wires.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1992;102(4):373-381
[15]Berqius M,Broberq AG,Hakeberq M et al.Prediction of prolonged pain experiences during orthodontic treatment.AmJ Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2008;133(3):339el-339e8
[16]Habibian M,Gelbier S,Munday BA.Perceived information needs in respect of orthodontics amongst 11-12-year-old girls:a study through health visitor sessions in schools.Int J Paediatr Dent,2003;13(5):348-355
[17]王卫亚,王海雪,林珠.正畸治疗中影响儿章配戴活动矫治器的心理分析.口腔正畸学志.1994;1(1):17-18
[18]李兴民,王明旭 主编.现代行为医学.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2000;262
[19]曹洪涛,胡志,徐晓超.新时期医患关系模式探讨.中国卫生事业管理,2003;3:168-169
[20]Sinha PK,Nanda RS,Mcneil DW.Perceived orthodontist behaviors that predic patient satisfaction,orthodontist-patient relationship,and patient adherence in orthodontic treatment.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1996;110(4):370-377
[21]Kilpelainen PV,Phillips C,Tulloch JF.Anterior tooth position and motivation for early treatment.Angel Orthod,1993;63(3):171-174
[22]刘典恩,邵萍.医学思维与哲学思维的结构及其关系诌议.医学与哲学,2000;21(5):38-40
[23]King J.Informed consent:does practice match conviction? J Am Coll Dent,2005;72(1):27-31
[24]Mallardi V.The origin of informed consent.Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital,2005;25(5):312-327
[25]Lew KK.Attitudes and perceptions of adults towards orthodontic treatment in an Asian community.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol,1993;21(1):31-35
[26]Mattick CR.Current products and practice section:religious,culutural,and ethi -cal dilemmas in orthodontics.J Orthod,2003;30(1):88-92
[27]张理义,主编.临床心理学.北京:人民军医出版社,2004;446
[28]Sammet-Hofmann I,Stuhr U,Meyer AE.Results and problems of time serie -sanalysis of individual observations in clientcentered and psychodynamic brief p -sychotherapy.Z Klin Psychol Psychopathol Psychother,1994;42(1):27-41
[29]Klages U,Serql HG,Burucker I.Relations between verbal behavior of the orth -odontist and communicative cooperation of the patient in regular orthodontic visi -ts.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,1992;102(3):265-269
[30]吴林艳,雷勇华,李奉华等.口腔正畸患者遵医行为心理分析.医学临床研究,2004:21(12):1370-1372
[31]陈嵩,陈扬熙,云扬.错合畸形对大学生自我意识和人格倾向的影响.中华口腔医学杂志,2000;35(4):299
[32]杜跃华.正畸治疗中的疼痛反应.重庆医药,1998;27(2):136-137
[33]罗薇,杨秩,赖文莉.视模拟评分法评价多个临床因素对正畸初始疼痛的影响.实用口腔医学杂志,2007;23(6):867-869
[34]Bartlett BW,Firestone AR,Viq KW et al.The influence of a structured teleph -one call on orthodontic pain and anxiety.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2005:128(4):435-441
[35]胡辉,邓峰等.心理干预和布洛芬治疗牙科焦虑症患者正畸疼痛的对比研究.重庆医学,2007;36(4):295-297
[36]郑衍亮.固定正畸治疗时患者牙周疼痛影响因素的观察.中国行为医学科学,2001:10(4):323-325
[37]刘红彦,李惠山,贾凯等.青少年正畸患者在治疗中合作行为问卷的编制.中华口腔医学杂志,2005;40(2):141-143