胁迫对三江源区三种适宜栽培牧草抗性物质的影响
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摘要
论文研究以三江源典型适宜栽培牧草—梭罗草(Kengyilia throldiana)、青海草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)作为研究对象,着重对它们在寒冷和干旱胁迫条件下叶片的生理生化指标进行了较为全面的研究,并对它们的种子耐旱特性和牧草抗性物质的季节变化动态进行了研究。通过对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、质膜相对透性、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶绿素、脯氨酸及丙二醛含量变化规律的研究,了解这三种牧草在连续低温处理和持续干旱条件下的生理变化反应规律;以及用不同浓度的PEG-6000溶液处理种子,了解种子在干旱条件下的萌发特性;了解抗性物质的季节动态变化规律,主要结果和结论如下:
1.在0℃的低温胁迫下,测定SOD活性、质膜透性、MDA、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量。结果表明:青海草地早熟禾、梭罗草和垂穗披碱草的MDA含量、可溶性糖含量都有所上升;质膜透性增大;SOD和可溶性蛋白在第二天呈现上升趋势,在第四天呈下降趋势;叶绿素含量呈现下降趋势。
2.在低温胁迫下,根据SOD活性,三种牧草抗寒能力大小为:青海草地早熟禾>梭罗草>垂穗披碱草。根据质膜透性、MDA含量、叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白含量,三种牧草抗寒能力大小为:青海草地早熟禾=梭罗草>垂穗披碱草根据可溶性糖含量,三种牧草抗寒能力大小为:梭罗草>青海草地早熟禾>垂穗披碱草。。
3.采用蒸馏水及浓度为5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的PEG溶液处理种子,结果表明,青海草地早熟禾在5%时,相对发芽率出现小幅上升趋势,垂穗披碱草和梭罗草均呈下降趋势;不同处理对培根/胚芽比值和苗长均有影响,梭罗草下降的幅度最小。因此这三种牧草在萌发期抗旱能力依次为:梭罗草>青海草地早熟禾>垂穗披碱草。
4.采用连续干旱法,处理梭罗草、青海草地早熟禾、垂穗披碱草幼苗,测定叶片的相对含水量、质膜透性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及其MDA含量生理生化指标。研究结果表明,随着持续干旱,三种牧草叶片的相对含水量下降;质膜透性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量及丙二醛含量都呈现上升趋势。
5.根据叶片相对含水量,抗旱能力为:梭罗草>青海草地早熟禾>垂穗披碱草;根据质膜透性和可溶性糖积累,抗旱能力为:梭罗草>青海草地早熟禾=垂穗披碱草;根据脯氨酸积累和丙二醛的含量,抗旱能力为:梭罗草>垂穗披碱草>青海草地早熟禾。
6.测定了梭罗草、青海草地早熟禾、垂穗披碱草叶片中几种与抗逆性有关的抗性物质含量的季节变化。结果发现:这三种牧草的可溶性糖含量随生长季节进程逐渐升高;叶绿素含量、SOD活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量基本随着季节进程呈现先上升后下降的趋势。各牧草抗性物质季节动态变化表明它们与高寒地区的特殊气候因素有关系,表现了一定的生态适应性。
7.综合研究结果表明,梭罗草具有很好的的耐旱能力和耐寒能力,适合在高寒草原生存;青海草地早熟禾具有较强的耐寒能力,适合在高寒草甸生存;垂穗披碱草在高寒草甸和高寒草原都能生存。这个结论与野外调查结果一致。
Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai ,Kengyilia thoroldiana,Elymus nutans are typical adaptable cultivating grass in the fountain head region of the Yangtze,Yellow and Meikong river. Based on these three kinds of grasses, the physiological-biological indexes were discussed comprensive under low temperature stress and drought stress in leaves ; effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on seed germination was studied; a few substance related with resistance were determined in leaves . By dicussing superoxide dismutase(SOD),membrane permeability,soluble protein,soluble sugar , chlorophyll,malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline, studing the physiological -biological index change orderliness under low temperature stress and drought stress; knowing the characteristic of germination in different PEG concentration;ascertaining the seasonal Dynamic change of substance related with resistance . The main conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1. Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai ,Kengyilia thoroldiana,Elymus nutans were treated with 0℃low temperature stress .The characteristic on three kinds of herbage grasses were ascertained by measuring physiological-biological indexes about superoxidedismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),membrane,solubleprotein,solube sugar ,chlorophyll. The result showed that with low temperature treat, content of MDA , soluble sugar and membrane were increased ;the activity of SOD and content of soluble protein are increase in the 2th day ,then decrease in the 4th day ;the content of chlorophyll was decrease .
2. Under low temperature strees,based the chang of SOD activity ,the order of chilling resistance for those kinds grasses: Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai>Kengyilia throldiana Elymus nutans. Based the chang of soluble protein ,membrane , chlorophyll and MDA , the order of chilling resistance for those kinds grasses: Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai= Kengyilia throldiana>Elymus nutans; Based the chang of soluble sugar, the order of chilling resistance for those kinds grasses: Kengyilia throldiana>Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai. >Elymus nutans
3. Treated with distilled water and PEG solution with different concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%,20%,25%,studied the effect of PEG on seed germination of Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai, Kengyilia throldiana and Elymus nutans. Carried out to determine the seed germination rate and the ratio of embryonic root ,embryonic dud and seeding length .The result indicated In 5%,relatively germination of Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai were increased ,of Elymus nutans and Kengyilia throldiana were declined. Different treat have influence for the seed germination rate and the ratio of embryonic root ,embryonic dud and seeding length of this kinds grass, declining of Kengyilia throldiana is least.so the rank of drought resistance in seed germinating stage for this kinds grass: Kengyilia throldiana>Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai > Elymus nutans.
4. Treated the seedling of Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai, Kengyilia throldiana and Elymus nutans with continuous drought stress methonds. The result showed that membrane, proline, soluble sugar and MDA were increases.Relative water content in leaves were decreased.
5. In seedling stage, based the chang of relative water content,the sequence of drought resistance ability of those kinds grasse: Kengyilia throldiana>Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai >Elymus nutans. based the chang of membrane and soluble sugar, the sequence of drought resistance ability of those kinds grasse: Kengyilia throldiana>Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai=Elymus nutans . based the chang of content of proline and MDA, the sequence of drought resistance ability of those kinds grasse: Kengyilia throldiana>Elymus nutans> Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai .
6. A few substance related with resistance were determined seasonally in the leaves of Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai, Kengyilia throldiana and Elymus nutan.The results show that content of soluble sugar was increase seasonally,while content of chlorophyll, MDA, soluble protein , and SOD activity rose at first,then fallen down. The variations were associated with special alpine climate and important physiological responses to ecological environment.
7. Based on the above analyses, Kengyilia throldiana has better the ability of tolerance to drought and chilling,it exist adaptable in alpine plain ; Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai has high ability of toleranc to chilling, it exist adaptable in alpine meadow . Elymus nutan exist adaptable in alpine plain and in alpine meadow. This result was consistented with field investigation.
1.在0℃的低温胁迫下,测定SOD活性、质膜透性、MDA、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量。结果表明:青海草地早熟禾、梭罗草和垂穗披碱草的MDA含量、可溶性糖含量都有所上升;质膜透性增大;SOD和可溶性蛋白在第二天呈现上升趋势,在第四天呈下降趋势;叶绿素含量呈现下降趋势。
2.在低温胁迫下,根据SOD活性,三种牧草抗寒能力大小为:青海草地早熟禾>梭罗草>垂穗披碱草。根据质膜透性、MDA含量、叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白含量,三种牧草抗寒能力大小为:青海草地早熟禾=梭罗草>垂穗披碱草根据可溶性糖含量,三种牧草抗寒能力大小为:梭罗草>青海草地早熟禾>垂穗披碱草。。
3.采用蒸馏水及浓度为5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的PEG溶液处理种子,结果表明,青海草地早熟禾在5%时,相对发芽率出现小幅上升趋势,垂穗披碱草和梭罗草均呈下降趋势;不同处理对培根/胚芽比值和苗长均有影响,梭罗草下降的幅度最小。因此这三种牧草在萌发期抗旱能力依次为:梭罗草>青海草地早熟禾>垂穗披碱草。
4.采用连续干旱法,处理梭罗草、青海草地早熟禾、垂穗披碱草幼苗,测定叶片的相对含水量、质膜透性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及其MDA含量生理生化指标。研究结果表明,随着持续干旱,三种牧草叶片的相对含水量下降;质膜透性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量及丙二醛含量都呈现上升趋势。
5.根据叶片相对含水量,抗旱能力为:梭罗草>青海草地早熟禾>垂穗披碱草;根据质膜透性和可溶性糖积累,抗旱能力为:梭罗草>青海草地早熟禾=垂穗披碱草;根据脯氨酸积累和丙二醛的含量,抗旱能力为:梭罗草>垂穗披碱草>青海草地早熟禾。
6.测定了梭罗草、青海草地早熟禾、垂穗披碱草叶片中几种与抗逆性有关的抗性物质含量的季节变化。结果发现:这三种牧草的可溶性糖含量随生长季节进程逐渐升高;叶绿素含量、SOD活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量基本随着季节进程呈现先上升后下降的趋势。各牧草抗性物质季节动态变化表明它们与高寒地区的特殊气候因素有关系,表现了一定的生态适应性。
7.综合研究结果表明,梭罗草具有很好的的耐旱能力和耐寒能力,适合在高寒草原生存;青海草地早熟禾具有较强的耐寒能力,适合在高寒草甸生存;垂穗披碱草在高寒草甸和高寒草原都能生存。这个结论与野外调查结果一致。
Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai ,Kengyilia thoroldiana,Elymus nutans are typical adaptable cultivating grass in the fountain head region of the Yangtze,Yellow and Meikong river. Based on these three kinds of grasses, the physiological-biological indexes were discussed comprensive under low temperature stress and drought stress in leaves ; effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on seed germination was studied; a few substance related with resistance were determined in leaves . By dicussing superoxide dismutase(SOD),membrane permeability,soluble protein,soluble sugar , chlorophyll,malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline, studing the physiological -biological index change orderliness under low temperature stress and drought stress; knowing the characteristic of germination in different PEG concentration;ascertaining the seasonal Dynamic change of substance related with resistance . The main conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1. Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai ,Kengyilia thoroldiana,Elymus nutans were treated with 0℃low temperature stress .The characteristic on three kinds of herbage grasses were ascertained by measuring physiological-biological indexes about superoxidedismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),membrane,solubleprotein,solube sugar ,chlorophyll. The result showed that with low temperature treat, content of MDA , soluble sugar and membrane were increased ;the activity of SOD and content of soluble protein are increase in the 2th day ,then decrease in the 4th day ;the content of chlorophyll was decrease .
2. Under low temperature strees,based the chang of SOD activity ,the order of chilling resistance for those kinds grasses: Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai>Kengyilia throldiana Elymus nutans. Based the chang of soluble protein ,membrane , chlorophyll and MDA , the order of chilling resistance for those kinds grasses: Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai= Kengyilia throldiana>Elymus nutans; Based the chang of soluble sugar, the order of chilling resistance for those kinds grasses: Kengyilia throldiana>Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai. >Elymus nutans
3. Treated with distilled water and PEG solution with different concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%,20%,25%,studied the effect of PEG on seed germination of Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai, Kengyilia throldiana and Elymus nutans. Carried out to determine the seed germination rate and the ratio of embryonic root ,embryonic dud and seeding length .The result indicated In 5%,relatively germination of Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai were increased ,of Elymus nutans and Kengyilia throldiana were declined. Different treat have influence for the seed germination rate and the ratio of embryonic root ,embryonic dud and seeding length of this kinds grass, declining of Kengyilia throldiana is least.so the rank of drought resistance in seed germinating stage for this kinds grass: Kengyilia throldiana>Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai > Elymus nutans.
4. Treated the seedling of Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai, Kengyilia throldiana and Elymus nutans with continuous drought stress methonds. The result showed that membrane, proline, soluble sugar and MDA were increases.Relative water content in leaves were decreased.
5. In seedling stage, based the chang of relative water content,the sequence of drought resistance ability of those kinds grasse: Kengyilia throldiana>Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai >Elymus nutans. based the chang of membrane and soluble sugar, the sequence of drought resistance ability of those kinds grasse: Kengyilia throldiana>Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai=Elymus nutans . based the chang of content of proline and MDA, the sequence of drought resistance ability of those kinds grasse: Kengyilia throldiana>Elymus nutans> Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai .
6. A few substance related with resistance were determined seasonally in the leaves of Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai, Kengyilia throldiana and Elymus nutan.The results show that content of soluble sugar was increase seasonally,while content of chlorophyll, MDA, soluble protein , and SOD activity rose at first,then fallen down. The variations were associated with special alpine climate and important physiological responses to ecological environment.
7. Based on the above analyses, Kengyilia throldiana has better the ability of tolerance to drought and chilling,it exist adaptable in alpine plain ; Poa pratensis l.cv QingHai has high ability of toleranc to chilling, it exist adaptable in alpine meadow . Elymus nutan exist adaptable in alpine plain and in alpine meadow. This result was consistented with field investigation.
引文
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