水下结构降噪预报波叠加法理论与试验研究
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摘要
辐射噪声一直是衡量潜艇作战性能及生存能力的重要指标，是敌方声学武器探测的主要目标，直接影响到潜艇的声隐身性能，因此对类似潜艇动力舱段的水下典型结构降噪预报具有重要意义。而在潜艇表面粘贴声学覆盖层作为主要的降噪手段之一，其降噪效果的理论预报与试验测试显得极为重要，为此应该有针对性地开展水下典型结构降噪预报研究。在这方面研究中存在一些技术难点，其中包括如何获取有效的测量数据；如何减少测量水听器数量，缩减测量成本；尤其是怎样高效地利用水下结构粘贴或不粘贴覆盖层其中一个工况下的声场数据，估算出另一工况下的辐射声场，从而减少测量工况数量等工程应用问题。针对水下结构降噪预报研究中存在的这些技术问题，本文做了如下研究：
首先介绍了波叠加法的研究背景，阐述了其在声场预报、近场声全息、噪声源识别方面的国内外研究动态，分析了水下结构声学覆盖层的降噪机理和降噪预报的研究方法，讨论了各方法的优缺点，明确了将波叠加法应用于水下结构声学覆盖层降噪预报存在的技术难点，针对这方面的研究需求，确定了论文将要研究的主要内容。
然后，研究了在自由场条件下，波叠加法降噪预报理论，即由水下结构无覆盖时声场预测有覆盖时声场。首先研究阐述基于振速和声压测量的波叠加法原理，分析正则化滤波对波叠加法计算精度的影响，讨论粘弹性材料阻抗传递原理及与结构界面耦合的处理方法；然后以脉动球、单点激励球壳声辐射为算例，并引入复矢径虚源，分别验证基于振速、基于声压测量的波叠加法有效性；讨论了影响声场计算精度的因素，以有限元ANSYS与边界元SYSNOISE软件联合计算的测量面声压为输入条件，研究了水下有限长单点径向激励简支圆柱壳粘贴均匀粘弹性材料的降噪效果。
接着又研究了半自由场波叠加法降噪预报理论，即在半自由场条件下，由水下结构无覆盖时声场预测有覆盖时声场。首先研究基于声压测量的半自由场波叠加法原理，给出虚源点与声场点之间界面反射系数的计算方法，以及半自由场条件下，虚源镜像与软件计算测量面声压的方法。数值仿真计算了半自由场条件下，单点径向激励的球壳和简支圆柱壳粘贴均匀粘弹性材料的降噪效果，并与软件计算的数值解和自由场的计算结果进行对比分析。
研究了粘贴覆盖层后的水下结构单工况降噪预报理论，即由水下结构有粘弹性覆盖时声场预测无覆盖时声场。首先研究在水下结构已经粘贴粘弹性材料的条件下，基于声压测量的波叠加法，对水下结构进行降噪预报的基本原理。然后研究有限元+边界元软件计算粘贴粘弹性材料的水下结构声场的参量设定方法，在验证有限元软件计算粘弹性材料位移和声场有效的前提下，软件计算粘贴均匀粘弹性材料的球壳和有限长简支圆柱壳的测量面声压，以此为输入条件，采用波叠加法，结合粘弹性材料阻抗传递和界面耦合理论，计算球壳、圆柱壳粘贴粘弹性层前的辐射声压，从而预测水下结构粘贴粘弹性层的降噪效果。
研究水下结构粘贴复合结构覆盖的降噪预报理论，针对具有空腔复合结构的粘弹性材料，在小穿孔率、结构规则且分布均匀条件下，采用材料声学参数等效法，引入波叠加法，研究其对水下结构的降噪效果；对具有典型指数型喇叭腔复合结构的粘弹性材料，采用变截面波导理论，引入波叠加法，研究其粘贴在水下结构表面的降噪效果；对于具有压电分层结构的半主动复合材料，采用声阻抗匹配法优化其外接损耗电路参数，然后结合压电阻抗传递原理和波叠加法，对其在水下结构的降噪效果进行理论预报。
最后，开展基于波叠加法的水下结构粘贴粘弹性覆盖降噪预报试验研究，采用波叠加法，结合粘弹性材料阻抗传递和界面耦合理论，通过水下结构一个工况下的测量面声压，预测其在另一个工况下的声场。对水下双层圆柱壳粘贴粘弹性覆盖的降噪效果进行单工况预报，将预报的场点声压及降噪效果，与试验的实测结果进行对比分析。针对内部具有周期、规则的小孔径空腔的粘弹性覆盖，分别采用材料等效参数法和变截面波导理论进行阻抗传递和界面耦合的研究，对圆柱壳单工况正向、反向的预报方法都进行了验证。通过误差的对比分析，对波叠加法应用于水下结构粘弹性覆盖单工况降噪预报的有效性进行评估，为其在工程的应用提供有效的技术支撑。
Radiation noise is an important index to measure the operational performance andviability of submarine, it is the main detection target of enemy acoustic weapons, and itdirectly affects the submarine acoustic stealth performance, so it is important for noiseprediction for underwater typical structures of similar power cabin submarine. Acousticcovering layer in the submarine surface is main means of noise reduction, the theoreticalprediction and test of the noise reduction effect is extremely important, so the paper works onthe underwater noise prediction research of underwater typical structures. But the study ofnoise prediction has some technical difficulties, including the way to obtain validmeasurement data; the way to reduce the number of measuring hydrophone;the way to reducemeasuring cost; the way to estimate the acoustic radiation of other conditions and reducingthe number of engineering based on data of underwater adhesions sound field and noadhesions sound field. Considering problems of the existing noise prediction of underwaterstructure, this paper worked on the following research:
The paper introduces the background of the wave superposition method, and states thedynamic research at home and abroad on the acoustic field prediction, near field acousticholography, noise source identification of the dynamic research, and analyses the researchmethod of noise reduction mechanism and noise prediction structure acoustic covering layerunder water, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and points outthe technical difficulties in applying the wave superposition method to the structural acousticunderwater noise prediction, according to the research needs in this area, the main contents ofthe thesis are determined.
The paper works on noise prediction theory based on wave superposition method underthe condition of free field, namely predicting sound field of underwater structure coveredbased on underwater structure not covered. Firstly, the paper explains the principle of wavesuperposition method based on measurement of vibration velocity and sound pressure, andanalysis the effect of regularization filter on calculation accuracy of the wave superpositionmethod, the paper discusses the viscoelastic material impedance transfer principle andprocessing method coupled with the structure of the interface; taking pulsating sphere, singlepoint excitation spherical sound radiation as an example, the paper introduces the complexantero-posterior diameter, and the paper respectively verifies the significance of the wavesuperposition method based on measurement of vibration velocity and sound pressure; the paper discusses the factors that influence the accuracy of sound field, the initial conditions ofsurface pressure measurement based on ANSYS finite element and boundary elementSYSNOISE software, the paper studies the noise reduction effect of radial finite singleunderwater incentive simply supported cylindrical shell paste the uniform viscoelasticmaterial.
The paper works on noise reduction prediction theory based on wave superpositionmethod with the half free field, namely, predicting the sound field of underwater structurecovered by the sound field of underwater structure not covered. The paper firstly works onwave superposition method of the half free field based on sound pressure measurement, thecalculation method of reflection coefficient between virtual source point and sound point, themethod of virtual image source calculation and software measurement are given under ahalf-free field condition. Under numerical simulation of the half-free field condition, the noisereduction effect of spherical shell and cylindrical shell with simply supported edges pastesingle radial excitation are calculated, and the simulation results are compared with thenumerical result of software and calculation of free field results.
The paper works on backward noise prediction theory under the adhesive layer ofunderwater structure, and it means predicts uncovered sound field using underwater structurewith viscoelastic coating sound field. Firstly, the paper states backward noise reductionprediction theory based on wave superposition method of pressure measurement underunderwater structure has pasted the viscoelastic material. Secondly, the paper works onparametric setting method of underwater structure sound field based on the paste ofviscoelastic materials of finite element and boundary element software, the softwarecalculates surface pressure of viscoelastic material spherical shell and cylindrical shell offinite length, and the result is considered as the initial condition, wave superposition methodare used and combined with viscoelastic material impedance transfer and interfacial couplingtheory, the radiation pressure of spherical shell and cylindrical shell with viscoelastic layer ofpaste are calculated, and thus the effect of reducing the underwater structure adhesiveviscoelastic layer is predicted.
The paper works on noise prediction theory of structure that is pasted by underwatercomposite structure, considering the viscoelastic materials with hollow composite structure,and it is in a small perforation ratio, structure rule and uniform distribution, Using theacoustic parameters equivalent method, the wave superposition method is introduced, thepaper works on the noise reduction effect of underwater structure; considering the nodestructure under water for a viscoelastic material, the paper uses acoustic impedance matching method to optimize the external loss circuit parameters, and then combined with thepiezoelectric impedance transfer principle and wave superposition method, the noisereduction effect of underwater structure is theoretical predicted.
Finally, the paper works on noise reduction coverage of underwater structure pasteviscoelastic prediction experiments based on the wave superposition method, consider usingwave superposition method, combined with viscoelastic material impedance transfer andinterfacial coupling theory, by measuring the surface sound pressure through a workingunderwater structure and then predict sound pressure of another condition of the field. Thepaper works on the single condition forecast on the noise reduction of underwater doublecylindrical shell sticking visco-elastic covering, and then the sound pressure and noiseprediction effect are compared with the experimental results. Consider viscoelastic smallaperture cavity has a cycle, rules for internal coverage, the paper respectively works onimpedance transfer and interface coupling based on the equivalent parameter method andvariable cross-section waveguide theory, the forecast method for cylindrical shell workingforward and reverse are verified. By the analysis of error comparison, the wave superpositionmethod that is applied to elastic underwater structure adhesive cover noise reductionprediction is effectively evaluated, the conclusion is applied in the application of engineeringto provide effective technical support.
首先介绍了波叠加法的研究背景，阐述了其在声场预报、近场声全息、噪声源识别方面的国内外研究动态，分析了水下结构声学覆盖层的降噪机理和降噪预报的研究方法，讨论了各方法的优缺点，明确了将波叠加法应用于水下结构声学覆盖层降噪预报存在的技术难点，针对这方面的研究需求，确定了论文将要研究的主要内容。
然后，研究了在自由场条件下，波叠加法降噪预报理论，即由水下结构无覆盖时声场预测有覆盖时声场。首先研究阐述基于振速和声压测量的波叠加法原理，分析正则化滤波对波叠加法计算精度的影响，讨论粘弹性材料阻抗传递原理及与结构界面耦合的处理方法；然后以脉动球、单点激励球壳声辐射为算例，并引入复矢径虚源，分别验证基于振速、基于声压测量的波叠加法有效性；讨论了影响声场计算精度的因素，以有限元ANSYS与边界元SYSNOISE软件联合计算的测量面声压为输入条件，研究了水下有限长单点径向激励简支圆柱壳粘贴均匀粘弹性材料的降噪效果。
接着又研究了半自由场波叠加法降噪预报理论，即在半自由场条件下，由水下结构无覆盖时声场预测有覆盖时声场。首先研究基于声压测量的半自由场波叠加法原理，给出虚源点与声场点之间界面反射系数的计算方法，以及半自由场条件下，虚源镜像与软件计算测量面声压的方法。数值仿真计算了半自由场条件下，单点径向激励的球壳和简支圆柱壳粘贴均匀粘弹性材料的降噪效果，并与软件计算的数值解和自由场的计算结果进行对比分析。
研究了粘贴覆盖层后的水下结构单工况降噪预报理论，即由水下结构有粘弹性覆盖时声场预测无覆盖时声场。首先研究在水下结构已经粘贴粘弹性材料的条件下，基于声压测量的波叠加法，对水下结构进行降噪预报的基本原理。然后研究有限元+边界元软件计算粘贴粘弹性材料的水下结构声场的参量设定方法，在验证有限元软件计算粘弹性材料位移和声场有效的前提下，软件计算粘贴均匀粘弹性材料的球壳和有限长简支圆柱壳的测量面声压，以此为输入条件，采用波叠加法，结合粘弹性材料阻抗传递和界面耦合理论，计算球壳、圆柱壳粘贴粘弹性层前的辐射声压，从而预测水下结构粘贴粘弹性层的降噪效果。
研究水下结构粘贴复合结构覆盖的降噪预报理论，针对具有空腔复合结构的粘弹性材料，在小穿孔率、结构规则且分布均匀条件下，采用材料声学参数等效法，引入波叠加法，研究其对水下结构的降噪效果；对具有典型指数型喇叭腔复合结构的粘弹性材料，采用变截面波导理论，引入波叠加法，研究其粘贴在水下结构表面的降噪效果；对于具有压电分层结构的半主动复合材料，采用声阻抗匹配法优化其外接损耗电路参数，然后结合压电阻抗传递原理和波叠加法，对其在水下结构的降噪效果进行理论预报。
最后，开展基于波叠加法的水下结构粘贴粘弹性覆盖降噪预报试验研究，采用波叠加法，结合粘弹性材料阻抗传递和界面耦合理论，通过水下结构一个工况下的测量面声压，预测其在另一个工况下的声场。对水下双层圆柱壳粘贴粘弹性覆盖的降噪效果进行单工况预报，将预报的场点声压及降噪效果，与试验的实测结果进行对比分析。针对内部具有周期、规则的小孔径空腔的粘弹性覆盖，分别采用材料等效参数法和变截面波导理论进行阻抗传递和界面耦合的研究，对圆柱壳单工况正向、反向的预报方法都进行了验证。通过误差的对比分析，对波叠加法应用于水下结构粘弹性覆盖单工况降噪预报的有效性进行评估，为其在工程的应用提供有效的技术支撑。
Radiation noise is an important index to measure the operational performance andviability of submarine, it is the main detection target of enemy acoustic weapons, and itdirectly affects the submarine acoustic stealth performance, so it is important for noiseprediction for underwater typical structures of similar power cabin submarine. Acousticcovering layer in the submarine surface is main means of noise reduction, the theoreticalprediction and test of the noise reduction effect is extremely important, so the paper works onthe underwater noise prediction research of underwater typical structures. But the study ofnoise prediction has some technical difficulties, including the way to obtain validmeasurement data; the way to reduce the number of measuring hydrophone;the way to reducemeasuring cost; the way to estimate the acoustic radiation of other conditions and reducingthe number of engineering based on data of underwater adhesions sound field and noadhesions sound field. Considering problems of the existing noise prediction of underwaterstructure, this paper worked on the following research:
The paper introduces the background of the wave superposition method, and states thedynamic research at home and abroad on the acoustic field prediction, near field acousticholography, noise source identification of the dynamic research, and analyses the researchmethod of noise reduction mechanism and noise prediction structure acoustic covering layerunder water, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and points outthe technical difficulties in applying the wave superposition method to the structural acousticunderwater noise prediction, according to the research needs in this area, the main contents ofthe thesis are determined.
The paper works on noise prediction theory based on wave superposition method underthe condition of free field, namely predicting sound field of underwater structure coveredbased on underwater structure not covered. Firstly, the paper explains the principle of wavesuperposition method based on measurement of vibration velocity and sound pressure, andanalysis the effect of regularization filter on calculation accuracy of the wave superpositionmethod, the paper discusses the viscoelastic material impedance transfer principle andprocessing method coupled with the structure of the interface; taking pulsating sphere, singlepoint excitation spherical sound radiation as an example, the paper introduces the complexantero-posterior diameter, and the paper respectively verifies the significance of the wavesuperposition method based on measurement of vibration velocity and sound pressure; the paper discusses the factors that influence the accuracy of sound field, the initial conditions ofsurface pressure measurement based on ANSYS finite element and boundary elementSYSNOISE software, the paper studies the noise reduction effect of radial finite singleunderwater incentive simply supported cylindrical shell paste the uniform viscoelasticmaterial.
The paper works on noise reduction prediction theory based on wave superpositionmethod with the half free field, namely, predicting the sound field of underwater structurecovered by the sound field of underwater structure not covered. The paper firstly works onwave superposition method of the half free field based on sound pressure measurement, thecalculation method of reflection coefficient between virtual source point and sound point, themethod of virtual image source calculation and software measurement are given under ahalf-free field condition. Under numerical simulation of the half-free field condition, the noisereduction effect of spherical shell and cylindrical shell with simply supported edges pastesingle radial excitation are calculated, and the simulation results are compared with thenumerical result of software and calculation of free field results.
The paper works on backward noise prediction theory under the adhesive layer ofunderwater structure, and it means predicts uncovered sound field using underwater structurewith viscoelastic coating sound field. Firstly, the paper states backward noise reductionprediction theory based on wave superposition method of pressure measurement underunderwater structure has pasted the viscoelastic material. Secondly, the paper works onparametric setting method of underwater structure sound field based on the paste ofviscoelastic materials of finite element and boundary element software, the softwarecalculates surface pressure of viscoelastic material spherical shell and cylindrical shell offinite length, and the result is considered as the initial condition, wave superposition methodare used and combined with viscoelastic material impedance transfer and interfacial couplingtheory, the radiation pressure of spherical shell and cylindrical shell with viscoelastic layer ofpaste are calculated, and thus the effect of reducing the underwater structure adhesiveviscoelastic layer is predicted.
The paper works on noise prediction theory of structure that is pasted by underwatercomposite structure, considering the viscoelastic materials with hollow composite structure,and it is in a small perforation ratio, structure rule and uniform distribution, Using theacoustic parameters equivalent method, the wave superposition method is introduced, thepaper works on the noise reduction effect of underwater structure; considering the nodestructure under water for a viscoelastic material, the paper uses acoustic impedance matching method to optimize the external loss circuit parameters, and then combined with thepiezoelectric impedance transfer principle and wave superposition method, the noisereduction effect of underwater structure is theoretical predicted.
Finally, the paper works on noise reduction coverage of underwater structure pasteviscoelastic prediction experiments based on the wave superposition method, consider usingwave superposition method, combined with viscoelastic material impedance transfer andinterfacial coupling theory, by measuring the surface sound pressure through a workingunderwater structure and then predict sound pressure of another condition of the field. Thepaper works on the single condition forecast on the noise reduction of underwater doublecylindrical shell sticking visco-elastic covering, and then the sound pressure and noiseprediction effect are compared with the experimental results. Consider viscoelastic smallaperture cavity has a cycle, rules for internal coverage, the paper respectively works onimpedance transfer and interface coupling based on the equivalent parameter method andvariable cross-section waveguide theory, the forecast method for cylindrical shell workingforward and reverse are verified. By the analysis of error comparison, the wave superpositionmethod that is applied to elastic underwater structure adhesive cover noise reductionprediction is effectively evaluated, the conclusion is applied in the application of engineeringto provide effective technical support.
引文
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