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基于价值管理的高新技术企业价值评估研究
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摘要
在价值管理(Value Based Management,VBM)越来越受到重视的今天,以企业价值最大化作为现代企业理财目标已是不争的事实。企业要实现这一理财目标,实施价值管理是最明智的选择。而价值管理流程中第一步就是对企业价值进行评估。通过价值评估,可以对企业价值进行定量描述,根据企业价值变动趋势,判断企业价值在什么条件下可以达到最大化,为企业改进管理提供参考。因此,根据高新技术企业自身的特点和高新技术企业价值评估的特殊性,站在价值管理的角度,重新界定高新技术企业价值的内涵,分析高新技术企业价值驱动因素,建立起基于价值管理的高新技术企业价值评估指标体系,探索高新技术企业价值评估方法就显得尤为必要。
     本文以价值管理理论为基础,根据高新技术企业的特点,重新界定了高新技术企业价值的内涵;分析了高新技术企业价值的来源,并在此基础上研究了其价值的形成构面,认为高新技术企业价值是由现有基础上的获利能力创造的价值、高新技术企业潜在的获利能力创造的价值和高新技术企业行业发展机会给企业创造的价值所形成的。并沿价值管理的流程来甄别高新技术企业的价值驱动因素。从价值驱动因素的财务属性纬度出发,针对高新技术企业价值特征来确认高新技术企业价值的关键驱动因素。得出了高新技术企业价值的关键驱动因素不仅包括财务因素,还应包括技术创新能力、人力资源综合效能、风险因素、行业发展的机会价值和公司治理结构等非财务价值驱动因素的结论,为建立高新技术企业价值评估指标体系奠定了理论基础。
     本文在高新技术企业价值驱动因素分析的基础上,分析了高新技术企业价值评估的动因和高新技术企业价值评估的特殊性。对现有企业价值评估方法和评估指标体系局限性进行了深入的分析。并构建了基于价值管理的高新技术企业价值评估指标体系。该指标体系与现有评估指标体系有着鲜明的差别,主要体现在以下4个方面:(1)以实现企业价值最大化为目标;(2)体现高新技术企业价值的形成特点;(3)将财务价值驱动因素和非财务价值驱动因素有机结合;(4)评估指标体系的可操作性强。该指标体系由反映财务价值驱动因素和非财务价值驱动因素的两个子指标体系构成,具体包括盈利能力、偿债能力、运营能力、技术创新能力、人力资源综合效能、风险因素、行业发展机会价值、公司治理结构等8个方面24个评估指标。基本能够较全面地反映各关键价值驱动因素对高新技术企业价值的影响。为客观准确评估高新技术企业价值创造了条件。
     本文重点研究工作之一,就是用实证分析的方法,运用结构方程模型(Structure Equation Modeling, SEM)对非财务价值驱动因素与高新技术企业价值的相关性进行了研究。本文以我国沪深两市215家上市公司的数据为样本,研究了技术创新能力、风险因素、行业发展的机会价值、人力资源综合效能和公司治理结构等五大非财务价值驱动因素与高新技术企业价值的相关性;各非财务价值驱动因素对高新技术企业价值的贡献度;以及各可观测指标对每个非财务价值驱动因素的解释力。研究发现五大非财务价值驱动因素中,除人力资源综合效能与高新技术企业价值的相关性不明显以外,其余4个因素均与高新技术企业价值具有明显的相关性;而且,5个非财务价值驱动因素中行业发展的机会价值对高新技术企业价值的贡献度最大,公司治理结构的贡献度最小。这些研究结论为建立基于ANP模型的高新技术企业价值综合评估方法提供了实证依据。
     本文在探索高新技术企业价值综合评估方法时,主要解决了两个问题:一是,如何将财务价值驱动因素和非财务价值驱动因素对高新技术企业价值的影响同时反映在评估模型中;二是,评估方法不仅能够反映出各价值驱动因素对高新技术企业价值的影响程度,还应该能够反映出各价值驱动因素间的相互影响。因此,本文利用网络分析法(Ana1ytic Network Process ,ANP)的原理,建立了基于ANP模型的高新技术企业价值综合评估模型,很好地解决上述两个难题。
     最后,本文筛选了24家制造业和26家信息技术业上市公司,运用基于ANP模型的高新技术企业价值综合评估模型对样本公司的价值进行了评估。并对评估的结果进行了比较分析。分析结果表明:本文建立的基于ANP模型的高新技术企业价值综合评估模型所得到的评估结果比其他评估方法得到的结论更具科学性、客观性和可靠性。为高新技术企业有效实施价值管理、探索高新技术企业价值评估的新方法提供了理论分析和实证分析的依据。
Today, with value based Management has gained more and more attention, it is an indisputable fact that maximizes enterprise value is a modern enterprise financial goal. If enterprises want to realize this financial goal, the most sensible option is the implementation of Value based Management. The first step in the process of Value based Management is the evaluation of enterprises’value. Through value evaluation, the value of enterprises can be described quantitatively, in accordance with movements in the value of enterprises, we can judge under which conditions the value of enterprises can maximize for enterprises to improve the management. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to redefine the meaning of high-tech Enterprises’value, analyze the value drivers of high-tech Enterprises’value, establish value appraisal measure system of high-tech enterprise based on value management and explore the assessment method of high-tech enterprises’value according to the characteristics of high-tech enterprises and the peculiarities of the evaluation of high-tech Enterprises’value.
     Based on the theory of value management and according to the characteristics of high-tech enterprises, this paper redefine the connotation of high-tech Enterprises’value and analyze the value sources of high-tech enterprises. Then, we study the formation of its value dimensions that are the value created by current profitability, the value created by high-tech enterprises potential profitability and the value created by high-tech industry development opportunities. Along the process of value management, key value drivers of high-tech enterprises have been discriminated. Starting from the financial latitude and according the characteristics of the value of high-tech enterprises to confirm the key value drivers. Then we got the conclusion of that the key drivers include not only financial factors but also non-financial factors, such as ability in technological innovation, human resources integrated efficiency, risk factors, the growth of the industry value and corporate governance structure, as a basis of value appraisal measure system of high-tech enterprise based on value management.
     Based on the analysis of high-tech enterprises’value drivers, this paper analyzes the motives and particularities of the evaluation of high-tech enterprises’value. Take thorough analysis to the existing enterprise value assessment system and the limitations of various methods, and then we construct the value appraisal measure system of high-tech enterprise based on value management. There is significant difference between this index system and the existing evaluation index system, mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1) in order to achieve the goal of maximizing the value of enterprises; (2) reflects the formation characteristics of high-tech enterprises value, (3) the organic integration of financial and non-financial value drivers, (4) Evaluation Index System is operability. The indicator system constructs by the divers which reflect the financial value and non-financial value, it mainly contains: profitability, financial condition, operating ability, technical innovation ability, integrated effectiveness of human resources, risk factors, opportunities value of industry development and corporate governance structure etc. there are 24 assessment indicators in eight aspects. Basic can comprehensively reflect various essential value divers to the high-tech enterprise value. It creates the conditions for evaluate the high-tech enterprises’value objectively and accurately.
     One of the main researches in this paper is to use empirical analysis, namely use of structural equation modeling to conduct related research between non-financial value drivers with high-tech enterprises’value. This paper takes 215 companies’data which listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen as sample to study the correlation between high-tech enterprises’value and five non-financial value divers namely technical innovation ability, integrated effectiveness of human resources, risk factors, opportunities value of industry development and corporate governance structure, the priorities of the non-financial value divers to high-tech enterprises and the interpretation capacity of each observed indexes to non-financial value divers. The research suggested that five non-financial value drivers, with the exception of integrated human resources, the remaining four factors have obvious relevance to the high-tech enterprises’value. Moreover, among the five non-financial value drivers, the opportunity value of industrial development has the largest contribution to the high-tech enterprises’value but the result is opposite in the corporate governance structure. These conclusions provide empirical basis for establishment of the based on ANP model comprehensive evaluation method of high-tech enterprises’value.
     This article when explores the comprehensive method of high-tech enterprises’value, mainly has solved two problems: First, how to reflect the influences of financial and non-financial to high-tech enterprises’value in the evaluation model at the same time; Second, the approach not only to reflect the impact extent of value drivers to high-tech enterprises’value, it should also be able to reflect the value drivers of the mutual influence. Therefore, this article uses the principle of analytic network process, has established based on the ANP comprehensive assessment model of high-tech enterprises’value to solve the above two difficult problems well.
     Finally, we selected 24 manufacturing and 26 information technology industry listed companies, based on the use of based on ANP comprehensive evaluation model of high-tech enterprises’value to evaluate sample companies' value. And in article has carried on the comparative analysis to the appraisal result. The research show that: the results get from the based ANP comprehensive evaluation of the high-tech enterprises are more scientific, objectivity and reliability. For the effective implementation of the value management, to explore the new method of assessing the high-tech enterprises’’value provide basis of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis.
引文
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