基于发展能力模糊评价的知识型城市发展路径研究
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摘要
知识型城市是“知识经济的集群发展”、“智慧城市”以及“数字城市”交融发展的新型城市模式(Arbonies&Moso,2002；Garcia,2004).在国际领域,“知识型城市”从概念提出到实践建设已有十余年时间。在此期间,以雷夫.埃德文森为首的国外学者从概念模型到发展机理等多层面对其作了较为充分的论证,并推出了广为认同的“知识型城市”的标准。随着理论的深化,知识型城市的建设实践在国际范围内也渐入繁荣。早在本世纪之初,一些地处欧美和东南亚地区的城市就领先制定了“知识型城市战略”并进行了有益的实践探索。截至目前,全球已有一批优秀城市在卓越发展中脱颖而出,成为知识型城市的“发展标杆”,例如澳大利亚的墨尔本、荷兰的代尔夫特和美国的波士顿等。总体而言,知识型城市的发展价值正在得到国际主流城市的认可,这种新型城市模式正在受到更为广泛的关注与仿效。
回首国内,“知识型城市”的理论研究仍处于推介导入阶段,发展实践更处在起步之状态,然而,当前社会转型与知识经济的时代背景正与国内城市当局致力于新型城市发展模式的诉求相互汇聚与交织,形成推动国内城市发展转型的重要驱动力量,这股力量为我国未来知识型城市的发展创造了广阔的空间。由此而言,基于国内城市发展现状而进行我国知识型城市发展相关的针对性研究是时势之所需。显然,这类研究理应将“能否发展”以及“如何发展”的问题置于当前研究的前沿。这两个问题看似宽泛,其实都无一例外地指向了一个更为本质且值得深究的命题：城市如何科学评估自身的现实资源和能力,以决策城市能否以及如何向知识型城市转型。显然,建构设计一套基于知识型城市战略导向的城市现实资源能力的评价系统无疑是解决上述问题的一个有益尝试,这即为本文研究的核心内容。围绕此问题,本文共分9章来论述：前2章主要完成研究背景以及文献的陈述；第3章系统解析了知识型城市的内涵、发展机理以及趋势等问题,重点回答了“什么是知识型城市”的问题；第4章以历史与现实的双重视角论证了国内发展知识型城市的现实性与可行性；从第5章开始直至第8章,论文主要基于动态能力理论设计城市知识型发展能力的评价指标体系及综合模糊评价模型,并选取合肥市进行了评价实测。第9章以评价为基础,系统阐述知识型城市的发展路径及其实践工具。为了不失研究的应用性价值,作者最后仍以合肥市为例,对其进行了相应的路径思考与分析。
研究总体发现,知识型城市是对当前主流城市形态一种更为综合包容的城市模式,且国内部分地区已经具备发展知识型城市的现实条件；寻求最佳的发展路径需要正确评估城市自身的能力与资源,不同资源能力的城市向“知识型城市”转型之道会表现较大的差异；评价模型可以基本显示被评价城市在经济、社会、技术以及治理等四个领域及其细分维度上的能力优势与不足,以此可作为城市知识型发展路径设计的重要依据；任何城市的知识型发展路径尽管存在差别,但它们都需要在城市理念的社会推广、知识经济的发展、知识网络的构建、知识管理程序的嵌入、城市的多元合作与善治等六个层面保持最优组合与动态的平衡。
Knowledge city (abbreviated to KC) is a new urban model that is a development integration of "cluster of Knowledge-based economy","Smart city" and" Digital city"(Arbonies&Moso,2002; Garcia,2004). In international area, KC development from conceptual model to practice is more than ten years. During this period, many foreign scholars led by Leif Edvinsson have done many research on many areas such as conceptual model of KC, knowledge-based development mechanism and so on, and introduced a widely recognized "KC standard". Along with studies of KC theory, international KC development also has gained significance. As early as the beginning of this century, some cities located in Europe, America and Southeast of Asia has launched KC strategy and carried out much useful practice. Up to now, a number of cities of them have become excellent knowledge-based urban development examples as their outstanding development achievements, such as Melbourne of Australia, Delft of Netherlands, and Boston of America and so on. Nowadays, development value of KC is recognized by more international cities and knowledge-based urban development mode is received more widespread attention and practice.
As for china, KC research is still in the stage of introduction and KC practice is also in its initial state. However, the domestic situation of social transition and knowledge economy innovation is meeting with the demand of new urban development promoted by domestic city authorities, which is an important driving force to promote development transformation of domestic cities. Obviously, it will create a fantastic space for KC development of china in future. Thus, more research related to KC development based on current domestic situation is quite required, and such studies should around two issues of "If can develop KC" and "how to develop KC" first of all. Although these two questions seem too broad, in fact, a more essential question implicated by them is more worthy of studying. It is that how to evaluate a city's resource and capability scientifically to decide whether and how to transform to KC. Obviously, designing such an evaluation model oriented by knowledge-based city strategy is a useful attempt to solve this problem above. It is the essence and purpose of this study. Around this issue, this paper is divided into nine chapters:research backgrounds and literature reviews are completed in the first two chapters; chapter3is a systematic analysis of KC including its concept, development mechanism and development trend and so on, the aim of this chapter is to answer the question of "what KC is". From dual perspective of historical process and current situation of domestic urban development, chapter4is to demonstrate the reality and feasibility of KC development for our domestic cities. From chapter5to chapter8, the study is focused on design of evaluation index system and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of knowledge-based urban development capability based on dynamic capability theory and explanation of evaluation mechanism by a selected city case of Hefei. Chapter9is to discuss the development method and its practice tools based on capability evaluation. In order to implicate application value of method research, a case study of Hefei city on its KC development path is added in the end.
This study mainly found that, KC is a more comprehensive urban model of current mainstream city forms and some domestic cities already have such development conditions. Seeking the best development method need to assess their development resource and real capability properly. Different kind of resource and capability means different transformation method. Capability evaluation can fully display a city's advantages and disadvantages in four areas including knowledge economy, social capital, technology application and city governance and their subtle areas. The evaluation result can be used as an important basis for design knowledge-based urban development path. Although different city has different KC development method, an optimal combination and dynamic balance of six projects (including concept social promotion, development of knowledge-based economy, construction of knowledge networks, implication of knowledge management program, multi cooperation among city stakeholders and good governance) are needed for any city oriented to KC.
回首国内,“知识型城市”的理论研究仍处于推介导入阶段,发展实践更处在起步之状态,然而,当前社会转型与知识经济的时代背景正与国内城市当局致力于新型城市发展模式的诉求相互汇聚与交织,形成推动国内城市发展转型的重要驱动力量,这股力量为我国未来知识型城市的发展创造了广阔的空间。由此而言,基于国内城市发展现状而进行我国知识型城市发展相关的针对性研究是时势之所需。显然,这类研究理应将“能否发展”以及“如何发展”的问题置于当前研究的前沿。这两个问题看似宽泛,其实都无一例外地指向了一个更为本质且值得深究的命题：城市如何科学评估自身的现实资源和能力,以决策城市能否以及如何向知识型城市转型。显然,建构设计一套基于知识型城市战略导向的城市现实资源能力的评价系统无疑是解决上述问题的一个有益尝试,这即为本文研究的核心内容。围绕此问题,本文共分9章来论述：前2章主要完成研究背景以及文献的陈述；第3章系统解析了知识型城市的内涵、发展机理以及趋势等问题,重点回答了“什么是知识型城市”的问题；第4章以历史与现实的双重视角论证了国内发展知识型城市的现实性与可行性；从第5章开始直至第8章,论文主要基于动态能力理论设计城市知识型发展能力的评价指标体系及综合模糊评价模型,并选取合肥市进行了评价实测。第9章以评价为基础,系统阐述知识型城市的发展路径及其实践工具。为了不失研究的应用性价值,作者最后仍以合肥市为例,对其进行了相应的路径思考与分析。
研究总体发现,知识型城市是对当前主流城市形态一种更为综合包容的城市模式,且国内部分地区已经具备发展知识型城市的现实条件；寻求最佳的发展路径需要正确评估城市自身的能力与资源,不同资源能力的城市向“知识型城市”转型之道会表现较大的差异；评价模型可以基本显示被评价城市在经济、社会、技术以及治理等四个领域及其细分维度上的能力优势与不足,以此可作为城市知识型发展路径设计的重要依据；任何城市的知识型发展路径尽管存在差别,但它们都需要在城市理念的社会推广、知识经济的发展、知识网络的构建、知识管理程序的嵌入、城市的多元合作与善治等六个层面保持最优组合与动态的平衡。
Knowledge city (abbreviated to KC) is a new urban model that is a development integration of "cluster of Knowledge-based economy","Smart city" and" Digital city"(Arbonies&Moso,2002; Garcia,2004). In international area, KC development from conceptual model to practice is more than ten years. During this period, many foreign scholars led by Leif Edvinsson have done many research on many areas such as conceptual model of KC, knowledge-based development mechanism and so on, and introduced a widely recognized "KC standard". Along with studies of KC theory, international KC development also has gained significance. As early as the beginning of this century, some cities located in Europe, America and Southeast of Asia has launched KC strategy and carried out much useful practice. Up to now, a number of cities of them have become excellent knowledge-based urban development examples as their outstanding development achievements, such as Melbourne of Australia, Delft of Netherlands, and Boston of America and so on. Nowadays, development value of KC is recognized by more international cities and knowledge-based urban development mode is received more widespread attention and practice.
As for china, KC research is still in the stage of introduction and KC practice is also in its initial state. However, the domestic situation of social transition and knowledge economy innovation is meeting with the demand of new urban development promoted by domestic city authorities, which is an important driving force to promote development transformation of domestic cities. Obviously, it will create a fantastic space for KC development of china in future. Thus, more research related to KC development based on current domestic situation is quite required, and such studies should around two issues of "If can develop KC" and "how to develop KC" first of all. Although these two questions seem too broad, in fact, a more essential question implicated by them is more worthy of studying. It is that how to evaluate a city's resource and capability scientifically to decide whether and how to transform to KC. Obviously, designing such an evaluation model oriented by knowledge-based city strategy is a useful attempt to solve this problem above. It is the essence and purpose of this study. Around this issue, this paper is divided into nine chapters:research backgrounds and literature reviews are completed in the first two chapters; chapter3is a systematic analysis of KC including its concept, development mechanism and development trend and so on, the aim of this chapter is to answer the question of "what KC is". From dual perspective of historical process and current situation of domestic urban development, chapter4is to demonstrate the reality and feasibility of KC development for our domestic cities. From chapter5to chapter8, the study is focused on design of evaluation index system and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of knowledge-based urban development capability based on dynamic capability theory and explanation of evaluation mechanism by a selected city case of Hefei. Chapter9is to discuss the development method and its practice tools based on capability evaluation. In order to implicate application value of method research, a case study of Hefei city on its KC development path is added in the end.
This study mainly found that, KC is a more comprehensive urban model of current mainstream city forms and some domestic cities already have such development conditions. Seeking the best development method need to assess their development resource and real capability properly. Different kind of resource and capability means different transformation method. Capability evaluation can fully display a city's advantages and disadvantages in four areas including knowledge economy, social capital, technology application and city governance and their subtle areas. The evaluation result can be used as an important basis for design knowledge-based urban development path. Although different city has different KC development method, an optimal combination and dynamic balance of six projects (including concept social promotion, development of knowledge-based economy, construction of knowledge networks, implication of knowledge management program, multi cooperation among city stakeholders and good governance) are needed for any city oriented to KC.
引文
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2摘自2012年9月国务院副总理李克强在省部级领导干部推进城镇化建设研讨班学员座谈会上的讲话。
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