钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土拉弯力学行为研究
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摘要
钢管混凝土桁架梁式结构是一种新型组合结构,其具有承载力高、刚度大、自重轻、跨越能力强,施工方便,节省水泥与混凝土用量等系列优点,技术经济优势明显,应用前景广阔。在该结构体系中,弦杆主要处于压弯与拉弯等复杂应力状态,对核心混凝土力学性能要求较高。钢纤维能显著提高混凝土抗弯拉强度,以钢纤维增强自密实微膨胀混凝土填充其弦杆,能充分发挥结构整体力学性能优势。本文在交通部科研项目“中等跨度钢管混凝土桁架连续梁桥成套技术研究”(2009318000105)资助下,以世界首座全管桁结构连续梁桥——干海子大桥工程为依托,研究了钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土组成、结构与性能及其拉弯力学行为,研究成果在依托工程进行了应用。具体研究工作与主要结论如下：
提出了钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土的设计与制备方法,研究了膨胀剂与钢纤维复合对混凝土工作性能与力学性能的影响,探明了钢管密闭条件下钢纤维微膨胀混凝土的体积变形规律；研究钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土的抗冻技术措施,探明了钢管约束对钢纤维微膨胀混凝土抗冻性增强机理。制备出满足干海子大桥主梁弦杆力学性能与施工要求的C60钢纤维微膨胀自密实钢管混凝土,检测结果表明管内混凝土密实填充,结构服役状态良好。
基于推出试验,对钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土荷载-滑移关系曲线进行了全过程分析,探讨了核心混凝土与管壁的界面粘结力退化模式,研究了含钢率、界面粘结长度与混凝土中钢纤维掺量对其界面粘结强度影响规律,提出了其界面粘结强度计算方法。研究表明：钢纤维限制混凝土膨胀变形,降低界面粘结强度,但较相同强度等级无自应力的普通钢管混凝土界面粘结强度约提高1-3倍；含钢率是界面粘结强度主要影响因素,含钢率越高,约束作用越强,界面粘结强度越高；界面长度对界面粘结强度影响不明显。
研究了含钢率、核心混凝土中钢纤维掺量等对钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土轴拉承载力、变形形态与破坏特征影响规律,分析了钢管混凝土与空钢管轴拉力学性能差异。结果表明：混凝土的填充有效阻止了钢管径向收缩,截面径向刚度显著增强,轴拉承载力较空钢管约提高15%-37%,且含钢率越低,提高幅度越大；钢纤维阻止核心混凝土裂缝延伸与扩展,减少贯通缝的形成,混凝土对钢管的约束增强；钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土构件初裂荷载与屈服荷载均随钢纤维掺量增加而提高,初裂荷载提高幅度较大,而屈服荷载提高幅度较小。提出了钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土轴拉承载力计算方法,计算值与试验结果基本吻合。
研究了含钢率与核心混凝土中钢纤维掺量等对钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土受弯承载力、变形形态、应变分布与破坏特征的影响规律。结果表明：混凝土的填充使构件破坏模式由钢管受压区塑性失效转变为鼓屈破坏,承载力较空钢管构件提高约80%～290%,且含钢率越低提高幅度越大；钢管混凝土构件受压区应力集中较空钢管构件明显改善,截面变形基本符合平截面假定。核心混凝土中掺加钢纤维后,整体工作性能增强,屈服荷载随钢纤维掺量增加而提高。推导了钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土抗弯承载力计算公式,计算值与试验结果较好吻合。本文提出的钢管混凝土轴拉与抗弯承载力计算公式可为钢管混凝土桁架梁式结构的设计提供参考依据。
研究了钢管桁架梁弦管灌注钢纤维微膨胀混凝土对结构抗弯承载力、挠度变形、应变分布与破坏模式的影响规律。研究表明：钢管桁架梁弦管灌注混凝土后,弦杆截面应变分布均匀,结构整体抗弯工作性能增强,抗弯刚度与承载力显著提高。空钢管桁架主要因节点处弦管塑性失效而破坏,结构整体弯曲变形较小。弦管灌注混凝土后,弦管含钢率高、支主管壁厚比较小,结构主要因腹杆屈曲而失效,整体弯曲变形明显；弦管含钢率低、支主管壁厚比较大,结构主要因下弦节点处弦管发生冲剪破坏而失效,结构整体弯曲变形较小；桁架梁抗弯承载力仍由节点强度控制。
Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) truss girder structure is a new type of composite structure, which has a series of advantages such as high bearing capacity, great stiffness, light weight, large spanning ability, convenient construction, and less usage of cement and concrete. Therefore, its technical and economic advantages are obvious and the application prospect is broad. Mechanical properties of concrete-filled in chord are extremely important in the structure, because of the complex stress state of tension-bending and compression-bending. Due to the fact that steel fiber can significantly improve the flexural strength of concrete, chord filling with steel fiber reinforced micro-expansive concrete (SEC) gives full play to the overall mechanical performance advantage. The paper was supported by the research project of the Ministry of Communications " Study on the technology of middle span CFST truss continuous beam bridge "(2009318000105), and relied on the first all-tube truss structure continuous beam bridge in the world—Ganhaizi Bridge, in which the composition, structure and properties of steel fiber reinforced micro-expansive concrete filled steel tube(SE-CFST) were studied, and the research results were applied in the project. Specific research work and the main conclusions are as follows:
The design and preparation method of SE-CFST was put forward. And the impact of expansive agent and steel fiber on working performances and mechanical properties of concrete are studied. While the volume deformation laws of SEC under the confined conditions of steel tube were also ascertained. Moreover, the antifreeze technologies of SE-CFST were discussed, and the frost resistance enhancement mechanism of steel tube confined to SEC was studied. C60steel fiber reinforced micro-expansive and self-compacting concrete was prepared to meet the mechanical properties and construction requirements of Ganhaizi Bridge, and the test results showed that the concrete in tube reached the dense packing state and the structure service were in good condition.
Based on the push-out test, load-slip curves of SE-CFST were analyzed, the degradation model of interface bond strength between core concrete and tube wall was studied, the steel ratio, interfacial bond length and the impact of steel fiber content on interfacial bond strength were investigated, and the interfacial bond strength calculation method was put forward. The results showed that:the expansion and deformation of concrete were limited by steel fiber, which reduced the interfacial bond strength of SE-CFST. But, its interfacial bond strength raises about1-3times than of the ordinary CFST. Steel ratio was the main influencing factor of the interfacial bond strength; the higher steel ratio, the stronger the constraint effect, and the higher the interfacial bond strength. And the length of the interface had little impact on the interfacial bond strength.
The influence law of the steel ratio and steel fiber content on the bearing capacity, deformation form and failure characteristics of SE-CFST under axial tension load have been discussed. And axial tensile performance differences between SE-CFST and hollow steel tube were investigated. The results showed that, radial shrinkage of the steel tube was effective limited by core concrete, radial stiffness of cross section of CFST was significantly intensified, axial tensile capacity increased about15%-37%than that of hollow tube; and the lower the steel ratio, the stronger the increase. Internal cracks propagation and extension of core concrete were prevented by steel fiber. Therefore, the number of through seam was reduced, and constraint of concrete on the steel tube enhanced. Initial cracking load of SE-CFST increased relatively with the increase of steel fiber content, however, yield load improved not obvious. The simplified calculation method for axial tensile capacity of SE-CFST member was proposed, comparisons between the predicted results and test ones were carried out, and good agreements were achieved.
The effect of steel ratio and steel fiber content on the flexural capacity, deformation form, strain distribution and failure characteristics of SE-CFST members under bending load were studied. The results showed that, the failure mode of steel tube transformed from plastic collapse into convex destruction, because of the filling of concrete. Flexural capacity of CFST component enhanced about80%～290%than that of hollow tube component, and the lower the steel ratio, the greater the enhancement. Stress concentration of compression zone of CFST specimen receded obviously compared to that of hollow steel tube, and the deformation of cross section conforms to the plane section assumption, basically.
The mixing of steel fiber in core concrete was effective in improving the work performances and increased the yield load. The calculation formula for flexural capacity of SE-CFST member was deduced, and its results have a better approach to the test values. The formulas proposed in this paper for calculating the capacity of SE-CFST members subject to axial tension and bending load can provide reference for the design of CFST truss girder.
The influences of the steel fiber reinforced micro-expansive concrete filled in the chord of steel tube truss girder on the capacity, deflection deformation, strain distribution and failure mode were researched. The results showed that the uniformity of its cross section strain distribution significantly improved, due to the filling of concrete in chord. And the overall work performances of the truss girder greatly enhanced, bending stiffness and capacity distinctively increased. Damage of hollow steel tube truss girder was mainly due to the plastic failure at nodes, and the flexure deformation of the structure is not obvious. However, when the chord filled with concrete, the damage of the specimen was as follows:if a higher steel ratio and a lower thickness ratio of web to chord were obtained, its destruction was owned to webs buckling, while the overall bending deformation was significant. Otherwise, when it comes to a lower steel ratio and a higher thickness ratio of web to chord, the failure of specimen mainly due to the punching failure at bottom chord node, and the whole bending deformation was unconspicuous. The bending capacity of CFST truss girder still depended on the strength of the chord node.
提出了钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土的设计与制备方法,研究了膨胀剂与钢纤维复合对混凝土工作性能与力学性能的影响,探明了钢管密闭条件下钢纤维微膨胀混凝土的体积变形规律；研究钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土的抗冻技术措施,探明了钢管约束对钢纤维微膨胀混凝土抗冻性增强机理。制备出满足干海子大桥主梁弦杆力学性能与施工要求的C60钢纤维微膨胀自密实钢管混凝土,检测结果表明管内混凝土密实填充,结构服役状态良好。
基于推出试验,对钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土荷载-滑移关系曲线进行了全过程分析,探讨了核心混凝土与管壁的界面粘结力退化模式,研究了含钢率、界面粘结长度与混凝土中钢纤维掺量对其界面粘结强度影响规律,提出了其界面粘结强度计算方法。研究表明：钢纤维限制混凝土膨胀变形,降低界面粘结强度,但较相同强度等级无自应力的普通钢管混凝土界面粘结强度约提高1-3倍；含钢率是界面粘结强度主要影响因素,含钢率越高,约束作用越强,界面粘结强度越高；界面长度对界面粘结强度影响不明显。
研究了含钢率、核心混凝土中钢纤维掺量等对钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土轴拉承载力、变形形态与破坏特征影响规律,分析了钢管混凝土与空钢管轴拉力学性能差异。结果表明：混凝土的填充有效阻止了钢管径向收缩,截面径向刚度显著增强,轴拉承载力较空钢管约提高15%-37%,且含钢率越低,提高幅度越大；钢纤维阻止核心混凝土裂缝延伸与扩展,减少贯通缝的形成,混凝土对钢管的约束增强；钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土构件初裂荷载与屈服荷载均随钢纤维掺量增加而提高,初裂荷载提高幅度较大,而屈服荷载提高幅度较小。提出了钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土轴拉承载力计算方法,计算值与试验结果基本吻合。
研究了含钢率与核心混凝土中钢纤维掺量等对钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土受弯承载力、变形形态、应变分布与破坏特征的影响规律。结果表明：混凝土的填充使构件破坏模式由钢管受压区塑性失效转变为鼓屈破坏,承载力较空钢管构件提高约80%～290%,且含钢率越低提高幅度越大；钢管混凝土构件受压区应力集中较空钢管构件明显改善,截面变形基本符合平截面假定。核心混凝土中掺加钢纤维后,整体工作性能增强,屈服荷载随钢纤维掺量增加而提高。推导了钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土抗弯承载力计算公式,计算值与试验结果较好吻合。本文提出的钢管混凝土轴拉与抗弯承载力计算公式可为钢管混凝土桁架梁式结构的设计提供参考依据。
研究了钢管桁架梁弦管灌注钢纤维微膨胀混凝土对结构抗弯承载力、挠度变形、应变分布与破坏模式的影响规律。研究表明：钢管桁架梁弦管灌注混凝土后,弦杆截面应变分布均匀,结构整体抗弯工作性能增强,抗弯刚度与承载力显著提高。空钢管桁架主要因节点处弦管塑性失效而破坏,结构整体弯曲变形较小。弦管灌注混凝土后,弦管含钢率高、支主管壁厚比较小,结构主要因腹杆屈曲而失效,整体弯曲变形明显；弦管含钢率低、支主管壁厚比较大,结构主要因下弦节点处弦管发生冲剪破坏而失效,结构整体弯曲变形较小；桁架梁抗弯承载力仍由节点强度控制。
Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) truss girder structure is a new type of composite structure, which has a series of advantages such as high bearing capacity, great stiffness, light weight, large spanning ability, convenient construction, and less usage of cement and concrete. Therefore, its technical and economic advantages are obvious and the application prospect is broad. Mechanical properties of concrete-filled in chord are extremely important in the structure, because of the complex stress state of tension-bending and compression-bending. Due to the fact that steel fiber can significantly improve the flexural strength of concrete, chord filling with steel fiber reinforced micro-expansive concrete (SEC) gives full play to the overall mechanical performance advantage. The paper was supported by the research project of the Ministry of Communications " Study on the technology of middle span CFST truss continuous beam bridge "(2009318000105), and relied on the first all-tube truss structure continuous beam bridge in the world—Ganhaizi Bridge, in which the composition, structure and properties of steel fiber reinforced micro-expansive concrete filled steel tube(SE-CFST) were studied, and the research results were applied in the project. Specific research work and the main conclusions are as follows:
The design and preparation method of SE-CFST was put forward. And the impact of expansive agent and steel fiber on working performances and mechanical properties of concrete are studied. While the volume deformation laws of SEC under the confined conditions of steel tube were also ascertained. Moreover, the antifreeze technologies of SE-CFST were discussed, and the frost resistance enhancement mechanism of steel tube confined to SEC was studied. C60steel fiber reinforced micro-expansive and self-compacting concrete was prepared to meet the mechanical properties and construction requirements of Ganhaizi Bridge, and the test results showed that the concrete in tube reached the dense packing state and the structure service were in good condition.
Based on the push-out test, load-slip curves of SE-CFST were analyzed, the degradation model of interface bond strength between core concrete and tube wall was studied, the steel ratio, interfacial bond length and the impact of steel fiber content on interfacial bond strength were investigated, and the interfacial bond strength calculation method was put forward. The results showed that:the expansion and deformation of concrete were limited by steel fiber, which reduced the interfacial bond strength of SE-CFST. But, its interfacial bond strength raises about1-3times than of the ordinary CFST. Steel ratio was the main influencing factor of the interfacial bond strength; the higher steel ratio, the stronger the constraint effect, and the higher the interfacial bond strength. And the length of the interface had little impact on the interfacial bond strength.
The influence law of the steel ratio and steel fiber content on the bearing capacity, deformation form and failure characteristics of SE-CFST under axial tension load have been discussed. And axial tensile performance differences between SE-CFST and hollow steel tube were investigated. The results showed that, radial shrinkage of the steel tube was effective limited by core concrete, radial stiffness of cross section of CFST was significantly intensified, axial tensile capacity increased about15%-37%than that of hollow tube; and the lower the steel ratio, the stronger the increase. Internal cracks propagation and extension of core concrete were prevented by steel fiber. Therefore, the number of through seam was reduced, and constraint of concrete on the steel tube enhanced. Initial cracking load of SE-CFST increased relatively with the increase of steel fiber content, however, yield load improved not obvious. The simplified calculation method for axial tensile capacity of SE-CFST member was proposed, comparisons between the predicted results and test ones were carried out, and good agreements were achieved.
The effect of steel ratio and steel fiber content on the flexural capacity, deformation form, strain distribution and failure characteristics of SE-CFST members under bending load were studied. The results showed that, the failure mode of steel tube transformed from plastic collapse into convex destruction, because of the filling of concrete. Flexural capacity of CFST component enhanced about80%～290%than that of hollow tube component, and the lower the steel ratio, the greater the enhancement. Stress concentration of compression zone of CFST specimen receded obviously compared to that of hollow steel tube, and the deformation of cross section conforms to the plane section assumption, basically.
The mixing of steel fiber in core concrete was effective in improving the work performances and increased the yield load. The calculation formula for flexural capacity of SE-CFST member was deduced, and its results have a better approach to the test values. The formulas proposed in this paper for calculating the capacity of SE-CFST members subject to axial tension and bending load can provide reference for the design of CFST truss girder.
The influences of the steel fiber reinforced micro-expansive concrete filled in the chord of steel tube truss girder on the capacity, deflection deformation, strain distribution and failure mode were researched. The results showed that the uniformity of its cross section strain distribution significantly improved, due to the filling of concrete in chord. And the overall work performances of the truss girder greatly enhanced, bending stiffness and capacity distinctively increased. Damage of hollow steel tube truss girder was mainly due to the plastic failure at nodes, and the flexure deformation of the structure is not obvious. However, when the chord filled with concrete, the damage of the specimen was as follows:if a higher steel ratio and a lower thickness ratio of web to chord were obtained, its destruction was owned to webs buckling, while the overall bending deformation was significant. Otherwise, when it comes to a lower steel ratio and a higher thickness ratio of web to chord, the failure of specimen mainly due to the punching failure at bottom chord node, and the whole bending deformation was unconspicuous. The bending capacity of CFST truss girder still depended on the strength of the chord node.
引文
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