闭环供应链库存优化研究
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摘要
环境的恶化、法律的强制和利益的驱动共同促进了闭环供应链的诞生。作为一个新兴的课题,闭环供应链的理念从产生到现在仅有10余年时间,但是由于闭环供应链具有资源节约、环境友好、可持续发展的特点,因此受到了广泛的关注和热烈的讨论。本文以闭环供应链库存管理作为研究对象,定量分析为主,定性和定量分析相结合的方法,对闭环供应链的概念、产生、运作模式以及闭环供应链库存管理中的相关问题进行了深入的探讨。
第一章简要地阐述了问题提出的背景和研究的动机,随后对闭环供应链的研究现状做了全面的综述,并指出了存在的问题和可以进一步研究的领域和方向。在此基础上,提出了本文的研究内容、思路和框架。
第二章对闭环供应链的定义做了梳理和总结,并结合现有的研究成果,给出了新的闭环供应链的定义。该定义明确指出了闭环供应链的双向性、经济性和环保性。以此为基础,我们提出了基于再循环、基于再利用、基于维修/整修/拼修和基于再制造的四种闭环供应链运作模式,弥补了传统的以行业为标准的分类方法。此外,本文从经济学的角度,对闭环供应链的产生做了全新的理解和阐释。与传统观点不同,我们认为环境和非环境因素共同造就了闭环供应链的产生和发展。
第三章本章首先对闭环供应链库存系统的特性进行了分析,根据Fleischmann(2001)经典的基于产品返回流的库存管理框架,运用闭环供应链的五种再处理模式,形成了包含不同再处理模式的闭环供应链库存系统架构;接下来,从单级和多级、基准库存策略和批量订货策略、周期检查和连续检查等角度对闭环供应链库存模型和算法进行了评述,并指出现有研究的局限性和进一步研究的方向;最后,我们确定了本文研究内容在整个闭环供应链库存研究架构中的位置。
在充分考虑库存因素的情况下,第四章建立了制造商回收、零售商回收、第三方回收以及集中回收等四种回收策略下的闭环供应链Stackelberg博弈模型,对于每种回收策略,我们给出了博弈方最佳反应函数和最大净收益,并分析了不同回收策略的效果以及各种参数对回收策略的影响。
第五章运用控制理论建立了闭环供应链库存系统的z域模型,推导出(R,S)订货策略下的闭环供应链牛鞭效应的解析表达式。根据该表达式,分析了再造提前期(回收延迟时间)、生产提前期、回收水平和预测平滑系数等对闭环供应链牛鞭效应的影响;同时,我们还分析比较了(R,(?))、(R,γO)、(R,S)、(R,βIP)和(R,γO,βIP)等五种订货策略对应的牛鞭效应,并得出了一些重要结论。
可回复混合装配库存系统是闭环供应链库存系统的一种重要形式,结构十分复杂。第六章在确定型需求的条件下,分“一次外部订货过程中多次启动维修程序”和“一次维修过程中发生多次外部采购活动”两种情况分别建立了可回复混合装配库存系统模型,并给出了最优订货批量、回复批量和总库存成本的计算方法,采用数值分析的方法分析了回收水平、需求水平、可维修比率等相关参数对库存系统的影响。最后以上海烟草(集团)公司零备件库存管理为蓝本,做了一个案例分析。
第七章对广泛存在于汽车、电子等再制造行业的多级批量订货可回复库存系统进行了研究。与以往研究的基本库存控制策略和单级库存系统不同,我们的研究对象是一个基于汽车再制造的二级、允许外部采购的批量订货系统。我们首先构建了该库存系统的模型和算法,在数值分析的基础上探讨了各项参数对库存成本的影响;然后我们分析了该系统的最佳处置策略:最后,我们提供了一个汽车行业的案例。
最后,关于进一步工作的方向进行了简要的讨论。
Closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) was facilitated to come into being by the circumstance deterioration,law force and benefits driving.While there is only above 10 years for the sprouting and blooming of CLSC theory,the new concept has gained wide attention and warm discussion because of its characteristics of saving resources,befriending circumstance and sustainable development.Targeted at the inventory management of CLSC,this thesis is to do deep research on the concepts, generation,operation model of CLSC and other related issues with the approaches of quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Ins the first chapter,we put forward the background and motivation of the thesis,and then a detailed review on the CLSC is given,based on which we summarize the existing problems and point out the possible study fields.
In the second chapter,we give a new conception of CLSC,which indicates the characteristics of CLSC is bi-directional,economical and ecological.And then we put forward the four kinds of CLSC operation models founded on recycling,reuse, repair/refurbishing/cannibalization and remanufacturing which make up the traditional categorizing ways by industry.Moreover,it offers brand-new explanation to the generation of CLSC from the economic aspect.Different from the traditional opinions,we take it as granted that the environmental and non- environmental factors create the generation and development of CLSC jointly.
In the third chapter,we integrate the five types of reuse and return based inventory management framework given by Fleischmann(2001),and bring forward one inventory framework of CLSC consisted of different reuse modes.Furthermore, we review the models and algorithms of CLSC inventory from the aspects of single echelon and multi-echelon,base stock policy and batch order policy,periodic review and continuous review,and then point out the insufficiency of the existing studies and the future direction.Finally,the position of our study in the inventory framework of CLSC is given.
With full consideration of inventory factors,Stackelberg game model is set up upon four kinds of recycling strategies which include manufacturer collection,retailer collection,3~(rd) Party collection and centralized collection strategies in the fourth chapter.To each kind of strategy,the optimal reaction function and maximal net profit of each actor are analyzed together with the different collection strategy effect and the influence to collection strategy from parameters.
In the fifth chapter,We build up z-transformation model of CLSC inventory system and deduce the analytic expression of closed-loop supply chain bullwhip effect upon(R,S) order policy.The impact of remanufacture leadtime(return delay), manufacture leadtime,return rates and forecasting smooth coefficient to bullwhip effect of CLSC is analyzed with the related expression.At the same time,some critical conclusions were derived by analyzing and comparing the bullwhip effect which is corresponded to the five finds of order policy(R,(?))、(R,γO)、(R,S)、(R,βIP) and(R,γO,βIP).
Recoverable mixed-assemble inventory system is one key form of CLSC inventory system with complex structure.Upon the deterministic demand,in the sixth chapter we set up the recoverable mixed-assemble inventory system model respectively under "one order with several repairs" and "one repair with several orders".The methods towards optimal order batch,recovery batch and total inventory cost will be brought out to analyze the impact of recovery rate,demand rate and repairable rate to inventory system.Spare parts inventory management of Shanghai Tobacco(Group) Corporation will be analyzed as real case in the end.
Multi-echelon recovery inventory system with batch order is widely used in remanufacturing industries such as auto and electronics.Based on the auto remanufacturing,the two echelon inventory system with batch order and procurement established in the seventh chapter is different from the base stock policy and single echelon inventory system which were worked over before.We build up the model and numerical methods of inventory system,discuss the impact to inventory cost of parameters,analyze the system's optimal disposal strategy,and provide a case study from auto industry.
In conclusion,brief discussion about the further working direction will be brought forward.
第一章简要地阐述了问题提出的背景和研究的动机,随后对闭环供应链的研究现状做了全面的综述,并指出了存在的问题和可以进一步研究的领域和方向。在此基础上,提出了本文的研究内容、思路和框架。
第二章对闭环供应链的定义做了梳理和总结,并结合现有的研究成果,给出了新的闭环供应链的定义。该定义明确指出了闭环供应链的双向性、经济性和环保性。以此为基础,我们提出了基于再循环、基于再利用、基于维修/整修/拼修和基于再制造的四种闭环供应链运作模式,弥补了传统的以行业为标准的分类方法。此外,本文从经济学的角度,对闭环供应链的产生做了全新的理解和阐释。与传统观点不同,我们认为环境和非环境因素共同造就了闭环供应链的产生和发展。
第三章本章首先对闭环供应链库存系统的特性进行了分析,根据Fleischmann(2001)经典的基于产品返回流的库存管理框架,运用闭环供应链的五种再处理模式,形成了包含不同再处理模式的闭环供应链库存系统架构;接下来,从单级和多级、基准库存策略和批量订货策略、周期检查和连续检查等角度对闭环供应链库存模型和算法进行了评述,并指出现有研究的局限性和进一步研究的方向;最后,我们确定了本文研究内容在整个闭环供应链库存研究架构中的位置。
在充分考虑库存因素的情况下,第四章建立了制造商回收、零售商回收、第三方回收以及集中回收等四种回收策略下的闭环供应链Stackelberg博弈模型,对于每种回收策略,我们给出了博弈方最佳反应函数和最大净收益,并分析了不同回收策略的效果以及各种参数对回收策略的影响。
第五章运用控制理论建立了闭环供应链库存系统的z域模型,推导出(R,S)订货策略下的闭环供应链牛鞭效应的解析表达式。根据该表达式,分析了再造提前期(回收延迟时间)、生产提前期、回收水平和预测平滑系数等对闭环供应链牛鞭效应的影响;同时,我们还分析比较了(R,(?))、(R,γO)、(R,S)、(R,βIP)和(R,γO,βIP)等五种订货策略对应的牛鞭效应,并得出了一些重要结论。
可回复混合装配库存系统是闭环供应链库存系统的一种重要形式,结构十分复杂。第六章在确定型需求的条件下,分“一次外部订货过程中多次启动维修程序”和“一次维修过程中发生多次外部采购活动”两种情况分别建立了可回复混合装配库存系统模型,并给出了最优订货批量、回复批量和总库存成本的计算方法,采用数值分析的方法分析了回收水平、需求水平、可维修比率等相关参数对库存系统的影响。最后以上海烟草(集团)公司零备件库存管理为蓝本,做了一个案例分析。
第七章对广泛存在于汽车、电子等再制造行业的多级批量订货可回复库存系统进行了研究。与以往研究的基本库存控制策略和单级库存系统不同,我们的研究对象是一个基于汽车再制造的二级、允许外部采购的批量订货系统。我们首先构建了该库存系统的模型和算法,在数值分析的基础上探讨了各项参数对库存成本的影响;然后我们分析了该系统的最佳处置策略:最后,我们提供了一个汽车行业的案例。
最后,关于进一步工作的方向进行了简要的讨论。
Closed-loop supply chain(CLSC) was facilitated to come into being by the circumstance deterioration,law force and benefits driving.While there is only above 10 years for the sprouting and blooming of CLSC theory,the new concept has gained wide attention and warm discussion because of its characteristics of saving resources,befriending circumstance and sustainable development.Targeted at the inventory management of CLSC,this thesis is to do deep research on the concepts, generation,operation model of CLSC and other related issues with the approaches of quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Ins the first chapter,we put forward the background and motivation of the thesis,and then a detailed review on the CLSC is given,based on which we summarize the existing problems and point out the possible study fields.
In the second chapter,we give a new conception of CLSC,which indicates the characteristics of CLSC is bi-directional,economical and ecological.And then we put forward the four kinds of CLSC operation models founded on recycling,reuse, repair/refurbishing/cannibalization and remanufacturing which make up the traditional categorizing ways by industry.Moreover,it offers brand-new explanation to the generation of CLSC from the economic aspect.Different from the traditional opinions,we take it as granted that the environmental and non- environmental factors create the generation and development of CLSC jointly.
In the third chapter,we integrate the five types of reuse and return based inventory management framework given by Fleischmann(2001),and bring forward one inventory framework of CLSC consisted of different reuse modes.Furthermore, we review the models and algorithms of CLSC inventory from the aspects of single echelon and multi-echelon,base stock policy and batch order policy,periodic review and continuous review,and then point out the insufficiency of the existing studies and the future direction.Finally,the position of our study in the inventory framework of CLSC is given.
With full consideration of inventory factors,Stackelberg game model is set up upon four kinds of recycling strategies which include manufacturer collection,retailer collection,3~(rd) Party collection and centralized collection strategies in the fourth chapter.To each kind of strategy,the optimal reaction function and maximal net profit of each actor are analyzed together with the different collection strategy effect and the influence to collection strategy from parameters.
In the fifth chapter,We build up z-transformation model of CLSC inventory system and deduce the analytic expression of closed-loop supply chain bullwhip effect upon(R,S) order policy.The impact of remanufacture leadtime(return delay), manufacture leadtime,return rates and forecasting smooth coefficient to bullwhip effect of CLSC is analyzed with the related expression.At the same time,some critical conclusions were derived by analyzing and comparing the bullwhip effect which is corresponded to the five finds of order policy(R,(?))、(R,γO)、(R,S)、(R,βIP) and(R,γO,βIP).
Recoverable mixed-assemble inventory system is one key form of CLSC inventory system with complex structure.Upon the deterministic demand,in the sixth chapter we set up the recoverable mixed-assemble inventory system model respectively under "one order with several repairs" and "one repair with several orders".The methods towards optimal order batch,recovery batch and total inventory cost will be brought out to analyze the impact of recovery rate,demand rate and repairable rate to inventory system.Spare parts inventory management of Shanghai Tobacco(Group) Corporation will be analyzed as real case in the end.
Multi-echelon recovery inventory system with batch order is widely used in remanufacturing industries such as auto and electronics.Based on the auto remanufacturing,the two echelon inventory system with batch order and procurement established in the seventh chapter is different from the base stock policy and single echelon inventory system which were worked over before.We build up the model and numerical methods of inventory system,discuss the impact to inventory cost of parameters,analyze the system's optimal disposal strategy,and provide a case study from auto industry.
In conclusion,brief discussion about the further working direction will be brought forward.
引文
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