智能开关控制的中低压电气设备过渡过程分析与控制
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摘要
为了实现智能电网所要达到的柔性自动控制目标,本文首先对电动机、变压器、电抗器、电容器等电气设备在投切电源后的极短暂过渡过程进行详细分析,在此基础上以抑制过电压、过电流为目的,研究如何采用智能开关对该过渡过程进行控制,最后,进一步研究了如何将此受控过渡过程用于一种新的电力通讯技术(工频通讯)中。本文的工作及主要研究成果包括以下几个方面：
(1)提出以真空断路器与晶闸管阀组并联构成、采用嵌入式微机控制的中压智能开关新的技术方案,在其正常运行时真空断路器闭合而晶闸管阀开路,负载的投切则主要由晶闸管阀完成,既可以抑制过电压、过电流,又具有结构紧凑、损耗小的优点。研究内容主要包括：晶闸管阀组一次设计、高电位触发电子板设计、高频送能系统设计以及控制保护系统设计。
(2)建立了中压智能开关投切电气设备过渡过程的数学模型,以切除电容器组为例,研究了从真空断路器的触点开始动作、产生电弧电压到电流由真空断路器向晶闸管阀转移的暂态过程,获得了成功实现电流转移的条件。主要研究内容包括：对真空断路器动、静触点分离所产生电弧电压与触头间距、电流之间关系的分段线性化描述；构建电流转移过程各个阶段的物理模型和数学模型；推导出切除电容器组暂态过程相关电流和晶闸管阀端电压解析解；最后得到实现电流转移这一关键环节所需要的晶闸管阀组最佳触发时刻和晶闸管阀组设计参数。
(3)在感应电机及带感性、容性负载的变压器断电后重新投入电源的过渡过程分析控制方面,提出智能开关控制参数的解析分析方法。通过对交替出现的对称-不对称过渡过程的求解,得到残压的表达式,获得了智能开关的触发角序列与感应电机参数的函数关系,实现了一个工频周期内完成三相绕组的快速投入并有效地抑制冲击电流。
(4)将智能开关技术应用到电力通信领域,为双向工频通讯系统研制了新的微机控制器,提出了相关软、硬件设计方案,在工频通讯信号的产生、提取及解调环节解决了多个关键技术难题,使其成功用于电动机的远程监控。研究内容主要包括：通过MCU控制智能开关在变压器副边产生电流畸变信号并通过电磁感应穿越变压器,采用差分方程滤波技术从大功率强干扰的电压、电流波形中提取由智能开关产生的畸变信号,利用互相关以及小波变换编码解调畸变信号所包含的信息,为电动机的运行控制和故障报警提供必要信息,并通过智能开关实施控制。
According to requirement of flexible control to smart grid, Firstly, a detailed analysis about very short transition process after the induction motor, transformer, reactor and capacitor loads are turned on is performed in the dissertation. On this basis, the objective of this research is to devise smart switch controlling the very short transition process in order to suppress inrush current and overvoltage. And lastly, the controlled transition process is successfully applied in a new power communication field (power frequency communication). The work and research results are as follows:
(1) It is first presented that smart switch controlled via the embedded computer consists of vacuum breaker and thyristor valve in parallel connection. The load current is charged with vacuum breaker in operation status and the thyristor valve is working short time during switching loads in order to stress inrush current and overvoltage. It has advantage of compact, low cost and high reliability. The work in project includes thyristor valve design, thyristor electronic board, high frequency power delivery system and control protection system.
(2) The mathematics model of transition process during switching electrical equipments is established. From switching capacitor with medium-voltage smart switch, the current transfer transition process between vacuum breaker contact tripping and producing arc voltage and the load current transferred from vacuum breaker to thyristor valve is studied and the conditions of realizing current transfer successfully are obtained. The research includes the mathematics model of piecewise linear voltage-current characteristic curve of arc, the mathematics and physical model of current transfer and analytical solutions of capacitor current and voltage of thyristor valve. Accordingly the optimal trigger time of thyristor valve and theoretical foundation for thyristor valve design are established.
(3) The objective of this study is to devise analytical analysis solution of control parameter with smart switch about transition process analysis and control on induction motor and transformer with capacitor load, inductive load and no load reclosed to power. Based on the non symmetry to symmetry mathematical model, analytical solution of residual voltage and the function relationship between the control parameter and induction motor parameter is discovered via mathematical analytical method. Consequently it is realized that three phase windings are conducted in one power cycle rapidly for suppressing inrush current.
(4) For smart switch technique applied on power frequency communication field for remote monitoring of motor, hardware and software design which solve some key technical problems are proposed. Firstly, aberration signals through the transformer are made with smart switch controlled via MCU. Secondly, aberration signals is distinguished from background via differential filter technique and information in aberration signals of code is realized via demodulation cross-correlation. Thirdly, a new demodulation strategy is designed, in which the leading information is modulated based on pseudo-random code, thus the adaptive synchronous monitoring can be performed by overcoming the influence of phase differences of voltages at sending and receiving ends of the signal. Lastly, the continually varying amplitude and phase of fundamental current within the stroke of electric machine are calculated by complex wavelet method to provide information of the operation and fault for pumping units.
(1)提出以真空断路器与晶闸管阀组并联构成、采用嵌入式微机控制的中压智能开关新的技术方案,在其正常运行时真空断路器闭合而晶闸管阀开路,负载的投切则主要由晶闸管阀完成,既可以抑制过电压、过电流,又具有结构紧凑、损耗小的优点。研究内容主要包括：晶闸管阀组一次设计、高电位触发电子板设计、高频送能系统设计以及控制保护系统设计。
(2)建立了中压智能开关投切电气设备过渡过程的数学模型,以切除电容器组为例,研究了从真空断路器的触点开始动作、产生电弧电压到电流由真空断路器向晶闸管阀转移的暂态过程,获得了成功实现电流转移的条件。主要研究内容包括：对真空断路器动、静触点分离所产生电弧电压与触头间距、电流之间关系的分段线性化描述；构建电流转移过程各个阶段的物理模型和数学模型；推导出切除电容器组暂态过程相关电流和晶闸管阀端电压解析解；最后得到实现电流转移这一关键环节所需要的晶闸管阀组最佳触发时刻和晶闸管阀组设计参数。
(3)在感应电机及带感性、容性负载的变压器断电后重新投入电源的过渡过程分析控制方面,提出智能开关控制参数的解析分析方法。通过对交替出现的对称-不对称过渡过程的求解,得到残压的表达式,获得了智能开关的触发角序列与感应电机参数的函数关系,实现了一个工频周期内完成三相绕组的快速投入并有效地抑制冲击电流。
(4)将智能开关技术应用到电力通信领域,为双向工频通讯系统研制了新的微机控制器,提出了相关软、硬件设计方案,在工频通讯信号的产生、提取及解调环节解决了多个关键技术难题,使其成功用于电动机的远程监控。研究内容主要包括：通过MCU控制智能开关在变压器副边产生电流畸变信号并通过电磁感应穿越变压器,采用差分方程滤波技术从大功率强干扰的电压、电流波形中提取由智能开关产生的畸变信号,利用互相关以及小波变换编码解调畸变信号所包含的信息,为电动机的运行控制和故障报警提供必要信息,并通过智能开关实施控制。
According to requirement of flexible control to smart grid, Firstly, a detailed analysis about very short transition process after the induction motor, transformer, reactor and capacitor loads are turned on is performed in the dissertation. On this basis, the objective of this research is to devise smart switch controlling the very short transition process in order to suppress inrush current and overvoltage. And lastly, the controlled transition process is successfully applied in a new power communication field (power frequency communication). The work and research results are as follows:
(1) It is first presented that smart switch controlled via the embedded computer consists of vacuum breaker and thyristor valve in parallel connection. The load current is charged with vacuum breaker in operation status and the thyristor valve is working short time during switching loads in order to stress inrush current and overvoltage. It has advantage of compact, low cost and high reliability. The work in project includes thyristor valve design, thyristor electronic board, high frequency power delivery system and control protection system.
(2) The mathematics model of transition process during switching electrical equipments is established. From switching capacitor with medium-voltage smart switch, the current transfer transition process between vacuum breaker contact tripping and producing arc voltage and the load current transferred from vacuum breaker to thyristor valve is studied and the conditions of realizing current transfer successfully are obtained. The research includes the mathematics model of piecewise linear voltage-current characteristic curve of arc, the mathematics and physical model of current transfer and analytical solutions of capacitor current and voltage of thyristor valve. Accordingly the optimal trigger time of thyristor valve and theoretical foundation for thyristor valve design are established.
(3) The objective of this study is to devise analytical analysis solution of control parameter with smart switch about transition process analysis and control on induction motor and transformer with capacitor load, inductive load and no load reclosed to power. Based on the non symmetry to symmetry mathematical model, analytical solution of residual voltage and the function relationship between the control parameter and induction motor parameter is discovered via mathematical analytical method. Consequently it is realized that three phase windings are conducted in one power cycle rapidly for suppressing inrush current.
(4) For smart switch technique applied on power frequency communication field for remote monitoring of motor, hardware and software design which solve some key technical problems are proposed. Firstly, aberration signals through the transformer are made with smart switch controlled via MCU. Secondly, aberration signals is distinguished from background via differential filter technique and information in aberration signals of code is realized via demodulation cross-correlation. Thirdly, a new demodulation strategy is designed, in which the leading information is modulated based on pseudo-random code, thus the adaptive synchronous monitoring can be performed by overcoming the influence of phase differences of voltages at sending and receiving ends of the signal. Lastly, the continually varying amplitude and phase of fundamental current within the stroke of electric machine are calculated by complex wavelet method to provide information of the operation and fault for pumping units.
引文
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