面向内容监管的P2P流媒体平台研究与设计
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摘要
互联网与多媒体技术的迅速发展融合使P2P流媒体技术成为了一个网络应用热点,也带来了一系列的信息安全问题诸如频道插播、视频篡改和盗版泛滥等。实现对P2P流媒体内容的实时监管是网络信息安全的迫切需要。本文以实现P2P流媒体内容的实时监管为目标,针对视频认证、视频内容标记和标记实时检测三个关键问题进行了深入的研究,设计并实现了一个面向内容监管的P2P流媒体平台。
本文优化了典型的P2P流媒体平台PeerCast作为平台基础,通过深入的分析,总结出PeerCast在节点加入机制、断线/重连机制以及节点缓存机制中存在的弊端,并加以优化,最终实现了一个高效、稳定可扩展的P2P流媒体平台。提出了基于视频内容的实时性水印嵌入/检测算法。通过简单的密钥授予方式,为合法的MPEG-2视频嵌入一个与内容相关的数字水印作为标记,客户端利用水印检测算法验证视频的合法性。通过实验验证,该算法具有复杂度低、实时性好且与视频内容紧密结合三大优点,适合作为P2P流媒体内容实时监管的水印方案。
在分析总结水印算法和改进PeerCast流媒体平台的基础上,本文设计了一个基于视频数字水印,并且具有内容监管功能的P2P流媒体平台SupPeerCast。对关键的用户身份认证、视频发布和水印检测三个子模块功能进行了详细设计与实现。
The integration of Internet and multimedia technology makes the P2P streaming technology a hot spot. However, it also brings a series of information security issues such as channel spots, video tampering, piracy proliferation and so on. It is an urgent need for information security to achieve real-time P2P streaming media content supervision. This article aims at the need, carry on an investigation into the dimension of video authentication,video mark and real-time video content marker detection. Finally designs a P2P streaming media platform for content supervision.
This paper improves the P2P streaming media platform PeerCast as a platform basis. Discovers the defects of PeerCast in node-selecting mechanism, disconnect/ reconnect mechanism and node-buffer mechanism. A stable and efficient P2P streaming media system is presented by optimizing the defects.The paper proposes a real-time video content watermark embedding/detection algorithm for the video media content. Using a simple key, the algorithm generates a watermark related MPEG-2 video content. Client site verifies the legitimacy of the video content using the Examining algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm has the following three major advantages which are low complexity, real-time video content and close integration with the videos. So the algorithm is suitable for the real-time video content monitoring watermarking scheme.
Under the implement of the watermarking algorithm and the improved PeerCast, A video watermarker-based P2P streaming media platform for content supervision SupPeerCast is designed. Also the paper designs and implements the following key sub-modules fully:user authentication, video publishing and watermark detection.
本文优化了典型的P2P流媒体平台PeerCast作为平台基础,通过深入的分析,总结出PeerCast在节点加入机制、断线/重连机制以及节点缓存机制中存在的弊端,并加以优化,最终实现了一个高效、稳定可扩展的P2P流媒体平台。提出了基于视频内容的实时性水印嵌入/检测算法。通过简单的密钥授予方式,为合法的MPEG-2视频嵌入一个与内容相关的数字水印作为标记,客户端利用水印检测算法验证视频的合法性。通过实验验证,该算法具有复杂度低、实时性好且与视频内容紧密结合三大优点,适合作为P2P流媒体内容实时监管的水印方案。
在分析总结水印算法和改进PeerCast流媒体平台的基础上,本文设计了一个基于视频数字水印,并且具有内容监管功能的P2P流媒体平台SupPeerCast。对关键的用户身份认证、视频发布和水印检测三个子模块功能进行了详细设计与实现。
The integration of Internet and multimedia technology makes the P2P streaming technology a hot spot. However, it also brings a series of information security issues such as channel spots, video tampering, piracy proliferation and so on. It is an urgent need for information security to achieve real-time P2P streaming media content supervision. This article aims at the need, carry on an investigation into the dimension of video authentication,video mark and real-time video content marker detection. Finally designs a P2P streaming media platform for content supervision.
This paper improves the P2P streaming media platform PeerCast as a platform basis. Discovers the defects of PeerCast in node-selecting mechanism, disconnect/ reconnect mechanism and node-buffer mechanism. A stable and efficient P2P streaming media system is presented by optimizing the defects.The paper proposes a real-time video content watermark embedding/detection algorithm for the video media content. Using a simple key, the algorithm generates a watermark related MPEG-2 video content. Client site verifies the legitimacy of the video content using the Examining algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm has the following three major advantages which are low complexity, real-time video content and close integration with the videos. So the algorithm is suitable for the real-time video content monitoring watermarking scheme.
Under the implement of the watermarking algorithm and the improved PeerCast, A video watermarker-based P2P streaming media platform for content supervision SupPeerCast is designed. Also the paper designs and implements the following key sub-modules fully:user authentication, video publishing and watermark detection.
引文
[1]陈立培,田安阶.互联网业务控制与管理系统的研究与设计.今日南国,2009,12：123-124.
[2]SENS,WANG J..Analyzing peer-to-peer traffic across large networks[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2004,12(2):219-232.
[3]余浩,徐明伟.P2P流检测技术研究综述.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,04：616-617.
[4]张文,沈磊.基于特征进程的P2P流量识别.计算机工程,2008,08：120-122.
[5]A. Moore, K. Papagiannaki.Toward the Accurate Identification of Network Application.In Passive and Active Measurements Workshop, Aprill,2005.
[6]MADHUKAR, C.WILLIAMSON. A longitudinal study of P2P traffic classification.In Proceedings of 14th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems.Sep 11-13, 2006, IEEE Computer Society:Monterey, CA, USA:179-188.
[7]S.Sen, O.Spatscheck, D.Wang. Accurate, Scalable In-Network Identification of P2P Traffic using Application Signatures.In Proceedings of the 13th International World Wide Web Conference.May 2004:NY, USA:512-521.
[8]Zhou Lijuan, Li Zhitong, Liu Bin.P2P tracffic identification by TCP flow analysis. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Networking, Architecture, and Storages.Sep.2006, IEEE Computer Soeietys:Shenyang, China.
[9]A.W. Moore, D.Zuev. Internet Traffic Classification Using Bayesian Analysis Techniques.In ACM SIGMETRICS.2005:50-60.
[10]王锐,王逸欣,樊爱华,杨岳湘.一种跨层P2P流量检测方法.计算机应用,2006,08：30-34.
[11]杨岳湘,王锐,唐川.基于双重特征的P2P流量检测方法.通信学报,2006,11：134-138.
[12]R. Iannella. Digital right management(DRM) architecture[J].D-Lib Magazine, 2001,7(6):6-11.
[13]范科峰,莫玮,曹山,赵新华,裴庆祺.数字版权管理技术及应用研究进展.电子学报2007，06：1140-1147.
[14]平原.现有的DRM数字版权保护技术大全[EB/OL].
[15]Xiaoyun Liu, Tiejun Huang, Longshe Huo, et al.A DRM Architecture for Manageable P2P Based IPTV System. In IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expro,2007:899-902.
[16]何波.P2P流媒体网络电视发展趋势及内容监管模式.中国新通信.2009,04：62-64.
[17]钟玉琢,向哲,沈洪.流媒体和视频服务器.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：55-56.
[18]PFRANCIS Yoid:extending the multicast internet architecture [EB/OL]. http://www,aciri.org/yoid,1999.
[19]EL-SAYED A, ROCAV, MATHYL.Asurvey of proposalsfor an alternative group communication service[J].IEEE Network,2003,17(1):46-51.
[20]CHUYH, RAO S G, SESHAN S,ZHANG H. A case for end system multicast[J]. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review,2000,28(1):1-12.
[21]章淼,徐明伟,吴建平.应用层组播研究综述.电子学报.2004,12：22-24.
[22]徐敏.基于数据驱动的流媒体应用层组播策略研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2006,03：6-9.
[23]SALTZER J.,REED D.,CLARK D..End-to-end arguments in system design[J].ACM Transactions on Computer Systems,1984,2(4):195-206.
[24]Deshpande H, Bawa M, Garcia-Molina H.Streaming Live Media over a Peer-to-Peer Network, StanfordUniversity.2001,(8).
[25]Due A, Tran KA, Hua TD.ZigZag:An Efficient Peer-to-Peer Scheme for Media Streaming. Proc.of IEEE INFOCOM'03,2003:1283-1292.
[26]Padmanabhan V, Wang H, Chou P, et al.Distributing Streaming Media Content using Cooperative Networking. Proc. of the 12th International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and video, Miami, Florida 2002.
[27]Castro M, Druschel P, Kermarrec A M, et al.Splitstream:High-bandwidth Content Distribution in a Cooperative Environment. Kaashoek F, Stoica I. eds.IPTPS 2003, LNCS 2735,2003:292-303.
[28]Ganesh. A, Kermarrec. A and Massoulie. L. Peer-to-peer membership management for gossip-based protocols.IEEE Transactions on Computers,52(2), Feb.2003:5-8.
[29]Zhang XY, Liu JC, Li B,Yum TSP.CoolStreaming/DONet:A Data-drivern Overlay Network for Peer-to-Peer Live Media Streaming.24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.2005, (3):2102-2111.
[30]蓝天果.基于P2P的流媒体分发系统的设计与实现.北京邮电大学硕士论文.2006,03：12-15.
[31]邹潇湘,李锦涛.客户端数字水印嵌入方案.微电子学与计算机,2002,06：46-49.
[32]邹潇湘,彭聪,李锦涛,刘叔昌.视频水印技术研究.工程图学学报.2002(3)：169-179.
[33]Frank Hartung, Bernd Girod. Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video.Signal Processing, Special issue oil copyright protection and access control for multimedia services,1998,66(3):283-301.
[34]Linnartz JPMG, Talstra J C.MPEG PTY-marks:cheap detection of embedded copyright data in DVD video[A].In:Computer Security-ESORICS 99,5th European Symposium on Research in Computer security[C],Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgiumt 1998,Lecture Notes in Computer Science,VOl,1485:21-240.
[35]FRED JORDAN, MARTIN K.,TOURADJ E.. Proposal of a watermarking technique for hiding/retrieving data in compressed and decompressed video[M]. ISO/IECJTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG97/M2281,1997.
[36]TI. TR. PP.75-2001.Objective Perceptual Video Quality Measurement Using a JND-Based Full Reference Technique:October,2001 ATIS Technical Report on JND.
[37]Su K.,Kundur D.,Hatzinakos D..A content-dependent spatially localized video watermark for resistance to collusion and interpolation attacks.Image Processing. 2001.Proceedings.2001 International Conference on,2001(1):818-821.
[38]李游,吴杰,刘毕升,钟亦平.基于Peercast的P2P直播系统改进.计算机工程.2009，05.92-95.
[39]ISO/IEC 13818-2.[1995]Generic coding of moving picture and associated. IEEE SPMag.2001(7):33-46.
[40]丁玮,闫伟齐,齐东旭.基于Arnold变换的数字图像置乱技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(4)：339-341.
[41]Qi Dongxu, Zou Jiancheng, Han Xiaoyou. A new class of scrambling transformation and its application in the image information covering[J].Science in China(Series E),2003,43(3):304-312.
[42]柏森,曹长修,曹龙汉.基于骑士巡游变换的图像细节隐藏技术[J].中国图像图形学报,2001,6A(11)：1096-1100.
[43]QUAN LIU, HONG LIU. A NOVEL REAL-TIME VIDEO DIGITAL WATERMARKING ALGORITHM.
[44]刘强.基于WSDM的网络故障检测系统的研究与设计.国防科技大学硕士论文.2008,06：28-38.
[45]P2P Digital Watermark Working Group,DCIA,DIGITAL WATERMARK TECHNOLOGIES Applications in P2P Networks.2006.
[46]Dimitrios Tsolis, Spyros Sioutas & Theodore Papatheodorou. DIGITAL WATERMARKING IN PEER TO PEER NETWORKS.Digital Signal Processing, 2009 16th International Conference.2009 IEEE.
[47]陈军,夏旭,朱从旭.基于数字水印的P2P协同工作环境信息认证技术.计算机工程,2007.13：173-175.
[48]王丽君,姚红勋,刘绍辉,高文.压缩域自适应映射能量视频水印算法.计算机学报.Nov.2005：1-11.
[49]罗彬,王宏远,景麟,郭跃.基于MDC的P2P方式视频直播方案.微型机与应用.2005，11：14-16.
[50]刘其群,周志强.基于校园网络的PeerCast数字直播系统.电脑知识与技术.2008，06：1525-1527.
[51]Shangping Zhong, Yue Hu, Jianming Lu. A New Geometric-Transformation Robust and Practical Embedding Scheme for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps in the Graph Spectral Domain.0-7803-9584-0/06/2006 IEEE.
[52]张向东,李秉智.数字水印在流媒体中的应用与实现.重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版).Vol.18.No 6.2006,12：766-769.
[53]Dimitrios Tsolis, Eleftherios Georgatos & Spyros Sioutas. The Use of Peer-to-Peer Networks in Copyright Protection.2009 13th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics.
[2]SENS,WANG J..Analyzing peer-to-peer traffic across large networks[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2004,12(2):219-232.
[3]余浩,徐明伟.P2P流检测技术研究综述.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,04：616-617.
[4]张文,沈磊.基于特征进程的P2P流量识别.计算机工程,2008,08：120-122.
[5]A. Moore, K. Papagiannaki.Toward the Accurate Identification of Network Application.In Passive and Active Measurements Workshop, Aprill,2005.
[6]MADHUKAR, C.WILLIAMSON. A longitudinal study of P2P traffic classification.In Proceedings of 14th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems.Sep 11-13, 2006, IEEE Computer Society:Monterey, CA, USA:179-188.
[7]S.Sen, O.Spatscheck, D.Wang. Accurate, Scalable In-Network Identification of P2P Traffic using Application Signatures.In Proceedings of the 13th International World Wide Web Conference.May 2004:NY, USA:512-521.
[8]Zhou Lijuan, Li Zhitong, Liu Bin.P2P tracffic identification by TCP flow analysis. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Networking, Architecture, and Storages.Sep.2006, IEEE Computer Soeietys:Shenyang, China.
[9]A.W. Moore, D.Zuev. Internet Traffic Classification Using Bayesian Analysis Techniques.In ACM SIGMETRICS.2005:50-60.
[10]王锐,王逸欣,樊爱华,杨岳湘.一种跨层P2P流量检测方法.计算机应用,2006,08：30-34.
[11]杨岳湘,王锐,唐川.基于双重特征的P2P流量检测方法.通信学报,2006,11：134-138.
[12]R. Iannella. Digital right management(DRM) architecture[J].D-Lib Magazine, 2001,7(6):6-11.
[13]范科峰,莫玮,曹山,赵新华,裴庆祺.数字版权管理技术及应用研究进展.电子学报2007，06：1140-1147.
[14]平原.现有的DRM数字版权保护技术大全[EB/OL].
[15]Xiaoyun Liu, Tiejun Huang, Longshe Huo, et al.A DRM Architecture for Manageable P2P Based IPTV System. In IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expro,2007:899-902.
[16]何波.P2P流媒体网络电视发展趋势及内容监管模式.中国新通信.2009,04：62-64.
[17]钟玉琢,向哲,沈洪.流媒体和视频服务器.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：55-56.
[18]PFRANCIS Yoid:extending the multicast internet architecture [EB/OL]. http://www,aciri.org/yoid,1999.
[19]EL-SAYED A, ROCAV, MATHYL.Asurvey of proposalsfor an alternative group communication service[J].IEEE Network,2003,17(1):46-51.
[20]CHUYH, RAO S G, SESHAN S,ZHANG H. A case for end system multicast[J]. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review,2000,28(1):1-12.
[21]章淼,徐明伟,吴建平.应用层组播研究综述.电子学报.2004,12：22-24.
[22]徐敏.基于数据驱动的流媒体应用层组播策略研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2006,03：6-9.
[23]SALTZER J.,REED D.,CLARK D..End-to-end arguments in system design[J].ACM Transactions on Computer Systems,1984,2(4):195-206.
[24]Deshpande H, Bawa M, Garcia-Molina H.Streaming Live Media over a Peer-to-Peer Network, StanfordUniversity.2001,(8).
[25]Due A, Tran KA, Hua TD.ZigZag:An Efficient Peer-to-Peer Scheme for Media Streaming. Proc.of IEEE INFOCOM'03,2003:1283-1292.
[26]Padmanabhan V, Wang H, Chou P, et al.Distributing Streaming Media Content using Cooperative Networking. Proc. of the 12th International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and video, Miami, Florida 2002.
[27]Castro M, Druschel P, Kermarrec A M, et al.Splitstream:High-bandwidth Content Distribution in a Cooperative Environment. Kaashoek F, Stoica I. eds.IPTPS 2003, LNCS 2735,2003:292-303.
[28]Ganesh. A, Kermarrec. A and Massoulie. L. Peer-to-peer membership management for gossip-based protocols.IEEE Transactions on Computers,52(2), Feb.2003:5-8.
[29]Zhang XY, Liu JC, Li B,Yum TSP.CoolStreaming/DONet:A Data-drivern Overlay Network for Peer-to-Peer Live Media Streaming.24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.2005, (3):2102-2111.
[30]蓝天果.基于P2P的流媒体分发系统的设计与实现.北京邮电大学硕士论文.2006,03：12-15.
[31]邹潇湘,李锦涛.客户端数字水印嵌入方案.微电子学与计算机,2002,06：46-49.
[32]邹潇湘,彭聪,李锦涛,刘叔昌.视频水印技术研究.工程图学学报.2002(3)：169-179.
[33]Frank Hartung, Bernd Girod. Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video.Signal Processing, Special issue oil copyright protection and access control for multimedia services,1998,66(3):283-301.
[34]Linnartz JPMG, Talstra J C.MPEG PTY-marks:cheap detection of embedded copyright data in DVD video[A].In:Computer Security-ESORICS 99,5th European Symposium on Research in Computer security[C],Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgiumt 1998,Lecture Notes in Computer Science,VOl,1485:21-240.
[35]FRED JORDAN, MARTIN K.,TOURADJ E.. Proposal of a watermarking technique for hiding/retrieving data in compressed and decompressed video[M]. ISO/IECJTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG97/M2281,1997.
[36]TI. TR. PP.75-2001.Objective Perceptual Video Quality Measurement Using a JND-Based Full Reference Technique:October,2001 ATIS Technical Report on JND.
[37]Su K.,Kundur D.,Hatzinakos D..A content-dependent spatially localized video watermark for resistance to collusion and interpolation attacks.Image Processing. 2001.Proceedings.2001 International Conference on,2001(1):818-821.
[38]李游,吴杰,刘毕升,钟亦平.基于Peercast的P2P直播系统改进.计算机工程.2009，05.92-95.
[39]ISO/IEC 13818-2.[1995]Generic coding of moving picture and associated. IEEE SPMag.2001(7):33-46.
[40]丁玮,闫伟齐,齐东旭.基于Arnold变换的数字图像置乱技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001,13(4)：339-341.
[41]Qi Dongxu, Zou Jiancheng, Han Xiaoyou. A new class of scrambling transformation and its application in the image information covering[J].Science in China(Series E),2003,43(3):304-312.
[42]柏森,曹长修,曹龙汉.基于骑士巡游变换的图像细节隐藏技术[J].中国图像图形学报,2001,6A(11)：1096-1100.
[43]QUAN LIU, HONG LIU. A NOVEL REAL-TIME VIDEO DIGITAL WATERMARKING ALGORITHM.
[44]刘强.基于WSDM的网络故障检测系统的研究与设计.国防科技大学硕士论文.2008,06：28-38.
[45]P2P Digital Watermark Working Group,DCIA,DIGITAL WATERMARK TECHNOLOGIES Applications in P2P Networks.2006.
[46]Dimitrios Tsolis, Spyros Sioutas & Theodore Papatheodorou. DIGITAL WATERMARKING IN PEER TO PEER NETWORKS.Digital Signal Processing, 2009 16th International Conference.2009 IEEE.
[47]陈军,夏旭,朱从旭.基于数字水印的P2P协同工作环境信息认证技术.计算机工程,2007.13：173-175.
[48]王丽君,姚红勋,刘绍辉,高文.压缩域自适应映射能量视频水印算法.计算机学报.Nov.2005：1-11.
[49]罗彬,王宏远,景麟,郭跃.基于MDC的P2P方式视频直播方案.微型机与应用.2005，11：14-16.
[50]刘其群,周志强.基于校园网络的PeerCast数字直播系统.电脑知识与技术.2008，06：1525-1527.
[51]Shangping Zhong, Yue Hu, Jianming Lu. A New Geometric-Transformation Robust and Practical Embedding Scheme for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps in the Graph Spectral Domain.0-7803-9584-0/06/2006 IEEE.
[52]张向东,李秉智.数字水印在流媒体中的应用与实现.重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版).Vol.18.No 6.2006,12：766-769.
[53]Dimitrios Tsolis, Eleftherios Georgatos & Spyros Sioutas. The Use of Peer-to-Peer Networks in Copyright Protection.2009 13th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics.