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基于RS和GIS的北京市浅山区环境评价及功能分区研究
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摘要
北京市浅山区是城市深山区与平原城区连接的纽带,担负着城市的生态屏障功能,并承载着带动山区经济发展的任务。目前城市快速发展,城市新增用地正向浅山区扩张。浅山区的土地利用现状及其环境状况也深深地影响着城市的可持续发展。
     论文以北京市浅山区为研究区域,以法国SPOT5遥感影像为主要数据源,结合其他辅助资料,综合运用遥感与地理信息系统技术,对北京市浅山区进行了基于纹理和决策树的土地利用信息提取,并将神经网络评价法应用于浅山区环境评价的研究中,最后对浅山区功能分区进行了初步的研究和分析。
     本论文主要取得以下研究成果:
     (1)运用基于纹理的决策树分类法,对北京市浅山区进行土地利用类型的分类,并最终取得浅山区土地利用分类结果。在浅山区土地利用类型中,林地和耕地所占比例比较大,其中,林地约占研究区域的53.6%,耕地约占28.2%;建筑用地占地比较少,约为11.4%;而在研究区域范围内存在一部分未利用地,大约占4.4%。
     (2)系统分析前人研究资料,结合北京市浅山区实际情况,最终确定了研究区的环境评价因子,利用神经网络评价法对浅山区进行环境评价,最终获得北京市浅山区环境评价结果。研究结果显示,环境中等以上的超过区域总面积的84%。人口相对集中、靠近城区的地方生态环境质量相对比较差;其次是,土壤退化比较严重的地方,环境质量不容乐观;在浅山区研究范围内,有河流、水库以及林地的区域,生态环境比较好。
     (3)基于北京市浅山区土地利用及北京市浅山区环境评价结果,结合北京市规划资料,对浅山区进行功能区域分析,最后划分出了农业发展区,水资源供养区,森林保护区,发展储备区等四个功能区域。
The shallow mountains zone is a link between mountains and city, taking thecity's ecological barrier function, carrying the task of driving economic developmentin mountain. Now with the fast development of the city, the land of city is inuninterrupted growth. The land use status and the environmental conditions in theshallow mountain zone, is a strong influence on the sustainable development of cities.
     Taking the shallow mountain zone of Beijing as the study area, and spot5remotesensing image as the main source of data, and using other material, these technologiesare applied in the study, using RS and GIS. This study gets the land use informationthat based on the texture and the decision tree, and makes a study on theenvironmental assessment of the shallow mountain zone using neural networkevaluation method. Finally, the function of shallow mountain partition carried outpreliminary research and analysis.
     This thesis made the following findings:
     (1) Using the decision tree classification method based on texture, gets the typesof land use classification, and eventually get Beijing shallow mountain zone land useclassification results.
     The result is something that a large proportion of the study area is woodland andarable, of which about53.6%of the study area is woodland, arable land accounts forabout28.2%; building land covers an area of relatively small, approximately11.4%;in the study area range memory in the part of the unused-land.is about4.4%.
     (2) Reading a lot of information and documentation, define the evaluation factorsof the environment, and make a study on the environmental assessment of the shallowmountain zone using neural network evaluation method. The results show that thearea of the environment above the average reached84%. The area that population isrelatively concentrated, and near the city is in the poor environment quality; moreserious soil degradation, environmental quality is not optimistic; within the scope ofthe study of the shallow mountain, rivers, reservoirs and woodland area there, theecological environment is in the good environment. Overall, the regions that is faraway from the city environment is relatively good.
     (3) According to the study of shallow mountain land use results, and the shallowmountain environmental assessment results in Beijing, combined with the relevantplanning documents, make analysis of the functional areas of the shallow mountainzone, the final division of agricultural development zone, forest protection zone, waterresources support zone, development reserves zone.
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