长效地应力机制下套管应力与抗挤强度理论研究
|
摘要
本文针对固井状态下因套管长期服役引起的损坏问题,建立了长效地应力机制下套管应力与抗挤强度的研究方法,研究了固井状态套管存在的非载荷固井套管应力,长效地应力机制下固井状态井眼周围地应力分布和套管应力分布,不同固井状态下因地应力长期作用产生的套管应力和变形以及套管可能的破环位置与载荷。该理论研究方法的建立为解释实际工况条件下套管的局部损坏,制定防治套管损坏的工艺技术和钻井井身结构设计,提供了简单有效的方法。
通过对固井实际状况的分析,建立了三种固井物理模型和套管应力分析力学模型。通过分析工艺技术,提出了固井过程因水泥水化和凝固在套管内产生固井套管环向应力的概念,这种固井套管环向应力和其它载荷产生的轴向应力同时被封固在套管中,形成了非载荷作用下套管的原始应力,套管的原始应力对套管抗挤压性能产生不利影响。通过试验测试了固井套管环向应力,证明了固井套管原始应力的存在。
应用经典弹性力学中的半逆解法和叠加法,首次建立了长效地应力机制下固井状态井眼周围地应力的分布理论,提出了井壁径向应力、环向应力和剪切应力不为零的观点。认为优质固井状态井壁的应力呈周期变化,得出了优质固井状态地应力长期作用下套管应力分布的理论计算公式,指出了破坏的局部性,该理论可以直接应用于工程计算,简单、方便。
用能量法分析研究了一般固井状态下的套管应力,得出了地层应力越均匀套管越不容易损坏,长效地应力作用下套管易于局部损坏的结论。首次应用相邻平衡准则法探讨了偏心固井状态套管的稳定临界载荷,提出了偏心固井状态套管安全工作的载荷是由强度条件和稳定条件共同决定的概念。首次应用薄壳理论分析了任意缺陷固井状态套管应力和变形,分析了水泥环刚性和弹性约束局部环状固井缺陷下的套管受力变形,通过半逆解法试算,合理地确定了待定边界问题,给出了符合边界条件和微分方程的位移、应力解和应力分布状况,确定了刚性和弹性两种约束条件下套管破损危险主要发生于缺陷中部,刚性约束时套管损坏一般发生在缺陷边缘,建立了该环境下的套管强度设计和套管损坏条件;初步建立了局部块状固井缺陷下的套管受力变形分析方法,为进一步分析套管局部损坏原因提出了新的思路。
分别采用有限元方法和工程实例分析计算了不同固井状态套管应力和变形,验证了理论分析方法的正确性。解析解和数值解的结果都表明:水泥环能够极大的提高套管的抗挤能力;四种固井状态长效地应力机制下套管都具有损坏的可能性,有效地解释了固井状态套管多发生局部变形的实际工程现象。工程实例、常用理论的计算结果证明了本论文理论分析方法的正确性,而且,本理论分析方法对分析套管应力和抗挤强度更具广泛性,理论计算简单、方便、结果准确,对合理的固井设计及施工,制定具体的套管挤毁防治措施具有重要的指导意义。
In this paper, for the problem of casing collapse on cementing status caused by long-term In-Situ Stresses, it puts forward the research method of casing stress and anti-collapse strength under long-term In-Situ Stresses. The following contents were analyzed and studied by this method: Original casing stress generated by non-load on cementing status; The stress distribution on casing and stratum around the cementing borehole under long-term In-Situ Stresses; To determine the casing stress & deformation and possible location of casing collapse & load under In-Situ Stresses on different cementing status; The theoretical methods provided a effective simple means for explaining the partial casing damage on engineering practice, establishing technology of preventing casing collapse and casing drilling program.
Through analyzing the actual cementing technique, it summarized and founded three solid models and casing stress mechanical ones for casing cementing status. By analyzing the cementing technology, it put forward the concept of casing cementing circumferential stress generated by cementing hydration and solidification. This cementing circumferential and the axial stress caused by other load are fixed in the casing at the same time, and called the casing original stress in the casing by no-loading.The casing original stress had an adverse effect on casing anti-collapse. It tested the circumferential stress of cementing casing by experimentation and proved the existence of casing original stress on cementing.
By applying the classical theory of elasticity of the semi-inverse method and the superposition one, it set up firstly the distribution theory of stress in stratum around the cementing borehole under long-term In-Situ Stresses, put forward the opinion that the radial, annulus and shear stress are not zero on the well wall. The paper reckoned that the stress on the wall is cycle at cementing status. Distribution theory of casing stress is obtained at cementing status under long-term In-Situ Stresses. It pointed out the collapse is partial. The theory in the paper could be applied to engineering calculations directly. It is simple and convenient.
Analyzed the casing stress at general cementing status, the conclusion was obtained that more homogeneous stratum stress less easily damaged and in contrary the casing were easily damaged partially under long-term In-Situ Stresses. Firstly applied adjacent balance criterion to discuss the steady critical load for eccentric cementing status, it provided the opinion that the security working load for eccentric cementing was decided by the strength and stability. Firstly applied the thin-shell theory to analyze the casing stress and deformation on random lacuna cementing, it analyzed the casing stress and deformation under cement sheath rigidity and elastic partial annular cementing lacuna, by trial calculation with the semi-inverse method, it determined the border issues problem, solved the displacement , stress and stress distribution that consisted with the boundary conditions and differential equations, identified that casing collapse occurred mainly in the central lacuna under two types of constraints , and on the edge under rigid constraint, set up the condition of casing strength design and failure ones under this environment. It simply studied the casing stress and deformation under elastic partial square lacuna cementing, and put forward new ideas deeply to analyse casing partial collapse.
The casing stress and deformation at different lacuna cementing were calculated with FEM and engineering example.The result proved that the theory and method were right. Analytical and numerical results indicated that the cement sheath can greatly enhance the casing anti-collapse at scope of stress range by combined the analytical and numerical solutions; The conclusions that casing had the possibility of collapse under long-term In-Situ Stresses at four cementing status would explain availably the engineering facts that the partial collapse is taken place on cementing casing. The engineering example and the academic result in common use proved that the analyses theory was validity and more universality for casing stress and anti-collapse strength. The theoretical calculation is simple, convenient and exact.There would be high significance in engineering for reasonable cementing technology, formulating prevention for casing collapse.
通过对固井实际状况的分析,建立了三种固井物理模型和套管应力分析力学模型。通过分析工艺技术,提出了固井过程因水泥水化和凝固在套管内产生固井套管环向应力的概念,这种固井套管环向应力和其它载荷产生的轴向应力同时被封固在套管中,形成了非载荷作用下套管的原始应力,套管的原始应力对套管抗挤压性能产生不利影响。通过试验测试了固井套管环向应力,证明了固井套管原始应力的存在。
应用经典弹性力学中的半逆解法和叠加法,首次建立了长效地应力机制下固井状态井眼周围地应力的分布理论,提出了井壁径向应力、环向应力和剪切应力不为零的观点。认为优质固井状态井壁的应力呈周期变化,得出了优质固井状态地应力长期作用下套管应力分布的理论计算公式,指出了破坏的局部性,该理论可以直接应用于工程计算,简单、方便。
用能量法分析研究了一般固井状态下的套管应力,得出了地层应力越均匀套管越不容易损坏,长效地应力作用下套管易于局部损坏的结论。首次应用相邻平衡准则法探讨了偏心固井状态套管的稳定临界载荷,提出了偏心固井状态套管安全工作的载荷是由强度条件和稳定条件共同决定的概念。首次应用薄壳理论分析了任意缺陷固井状态套管应力和变形,分析了水泥环刚性和弹性约束局部环状固井缺陷下的套管受力变形,通过半逆解法试算,合理地确定了待定边界问题,给出了符合边界条件和微分方程的位移、应力解和应力分布状况,确定了刚性和弹性两种约束条件下套管破损危险主要发生于缺陷中部,刚性约束时套管损坏一般发生在缺陷边缘,建立了该环境下的套管强度设计和套管损坏条件;初步建立了局部块状固井缺陷下的套管受力变形分析方法,为进一步分析套管局部损坏原因提出了新的思路。
分别采用有限元方法和工程实例分析计算了不同固井状态套管应力和变形,验证了理论分析方法的正确性。解析解和数值解的结果都表明:水泥环能够极大的提高套管的抗挤能力;四种固井状态长效地应力机制下套管都具有损坏的可能性,有效地解释了固井状态套管多发生局部变形的实际工程现象。工程实例、常用理论的计算结果证明了本论文理论分析方法的正确性,而且,本理论分析方法对分析套管应力和抗挤强度更具广泛性,理论计算简单、方便、结果准确,对合理的固井设计及施工,制定具体的套管挤毁防治措施具有重要的指导意义。
In this paper, for the problem of casing collapse on cementing status caused by long-term In-Situ Stresses, it puts forward the research method of casing stress and anti-collapse strength under long-term In-Situ Stresses. The following contents were analyzed and studied by this method: Original casing stress generated by non-load on cementing status; The stress distribution on casing and stratum around the cementing borehole under long-term In-Situ Stresses; To determine the casing stress & deformation and possible location of casing collapse & load under In-Situ Stresses on different cementing status; The theoretical methods provided a effective simple means for explaining the partial casing damage on engineering practice, establishing technology of preventing casing collapse and casing drilling program.
Through analyzing the actual cementing technique, it summarized and founded three solid models and casing stress mechanical ones for casing cementing status. By analyzing the cementing technology, it put forward the concept of casing cementing circumferential stress generated by cementing hydration and solidification. This cementing circumferential and the axial stress caused by other load are fixed in the casing at the same time, and called the casing original stress in the casing by no-loading.The casing original stress had an adverse effect on casing anti-collapse. It tested the circumferential stress of cementing casing by experimentation and proved the existence of casing original stress on cementing.
By applying the classical theory of elasticity of the semi-inverse method and the superposition one, it set up firstly the distribution theory of stress in stratum around the cementing borehole under long-term In-Situ Stresses, put forward the opinion that the radial, annulus and shear stress are not zero on the well wall. The paper reckoned that the stress on the wall is cycle at cementing status. Distribution theory of casing stress is obtained at cementing status under long-term In-Situ Stresses. It pointed out the collapse is partial. The theory in the paper could be applied to engineering calculations directly. It is simple and convenient.
Analyzed the casing stress at general cementing status, the conclusion was obtained that more homogeneous stratum stress less easily damaged and in contrary the casing were easily damaged partially under long-term In-Situ Stresses. Firstly applied adjacent balance criterion to discuss the steady critical load for eccentric cementing status, it provided the opinion that the security working load for eccentric cementing was decided by the strength and stability. Firstly applied the thin-shell theory to analyze the casing stress and deformation on random lacuna cementing, it analyzed the casing stress and deformation under cement sheath rigidity and elastic partial annular cementing lacuna, by trial calculation with the semi-inverse method, it determined the border issues problem, solved the displacement , stress and stress distribution that consisted with the boundary conditions and differential equations, identified that casing collapse occurred mainly in the central lacuna under two types of constraints , and on the edge under rigid constraint, set up the condition of casing strength design and failure ones under this environment. It simply studied the casing stress and deformation under elastic partial square lacuna cementing, and put forward new ideas deeply to analyse casing partial collapse.
The casing stress and deformation at different lacuna cementing were calculated with FEM and engineering example.The result proved that the theory and method were right. Analytical and numerical results indicated that the cement sheath can greatly enhance the casing anti-collapse at scope of stress range by combined the analytical and numerical solutions; The conclusions that casing had the possibility of collapse under long-term In-Situ Stresses at four cementing status would explain availably the engineering facts that the partial collapse is taken place on cementing casing. The engineering example and the academic result in common use proved that the analyses theory was validity and more universality for casing stress and anti-collapse strength. The theoretical calculation is simple, convenient and exact.There would be high significance in engineering for reasonable cementing technology, formulating prevention for casing collapse.
引文
[1]万仁溥编著.现代完井工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000年5月
[2]徐惠峰主编.钻井技术手册(三)·固井[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990.7
[3]崔孝秉,张宏,李子厚,安文华,宋治,套管柱悬空段合理长度的研究[J],石油学报,1997年第18卷第1期,91~95
[4]窦益华:“井下套管受力与变形若干专题研究”2000年博士毕业论文
[5]崔孝秉,注蒸汽热采井套管损坏机理研究,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(3)
[6]宋治,崔孝秉,史交齐.全田油层套管损坏情况调查原因分析.防治推荐意见.首届全国套损治理研讨会论文集(西安),2002,7.
[7]练章华.粘弹性流动地层引起套管变形的计算机仿真及预防措施.西南石油学院.
[8]李子丰,杨敏嘉,李邦达.油井套管损环的机理分析.石油钻采工艺,1985,7(4):47-53.
[9]宋治.油层套管损坏的原因分析及预防措施.石油钻采工艺,1985,7(l):9-22.
[10]舒干,李现东,赵志超等.套管损坏机理研究.江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(l):60-3.
[11]刘绘新.对四川三迭系盐岩层套管挤毁问题的研究.钻采工艺,2003,26(6):10-13.
[12]刘绍轩,刘鹏程,王晓东,张文才.大庆油田南二区西部控制套管损坏研究[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(3):61-64.
[13]孙建成.胜利油田郝科1井套管挤毁的启示.石油钻采工艺,1998,20 (4):21-28.
[14]赵有芳.国外油田油水井套管损坏综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1989,8(2):71-77.
[15]宋治.油层套管损坏原因分析及预防措施[J].石油学报,1987,8(2):62-69.
[16]张先普等.我国油田套管损坏的原因探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,1996,18(5):7-12.
[17]张宝恒.江汉盐湖盆地套管损坏原因分析[J].石油学报,1983,4(4):13-17.
[18]王林发.套管损坏的地质因素分析[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1989,8(1):53-56.
[19]李兴才,杨若义.岩层滑动是扶余油田套管变形的一种可能机制[J].石油学报,1987,8(4):39-53.
[20]崔孝秉等.注水井开发油田套管损坏的机理研究[J].石油学报,1993,14(3):93-101.
[21]孟祥玉等.胜利油田套管损坏的现状及建议[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):10-15.
[22] J.D.Clegg.Casing Failure Study-Cedar Creek Anticline.SPE3030,1974
[23]王仲茂,李文阳.注水开发区套管变形机理及防治[J].石油钻采工艺,1989,11(2):1-12.
[24] H.G.Texter.Oil Well Casing and Tubing and Troubles[J] . Drill & Production Practice,1955,28(7): 16-24.
[25]付继彤,彭苏萍等.孤岛油田和孤东油田套管损坏统计及机理分析[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(2):84-85.
[26]张志全,伍家忠,罗跃.港西油田套管变形分析及对策[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(4):83-84.
[27] Mitchell,R.F.Buckling Behavier of Well Tubing:The Packers Effects. Society of Petroleum Enginners Journal,1982,41(10):616-624.
[28]赵怀文,高学仕.油水井套管水力挤压破坏性质[J].石油大学学报,1991,15(5): 39-46.
[29]张先普.荆丘油田套管变形机理及防治方法[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):1-9.
[30]仇伟德等,影响套管挤压强度的主要因素,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995,19(2)
[31]邓金根等,油井套管、水泥环组合体抗非均匀围岩外载的强度特性,岩石力学与工程学报,1994.6
[32]刘建中等,油田套管损坏的压力与压差联合作用机制,石油勘探与开发,2001,28(2)
[33]房军等,非均匀地应力作用下套管与水泥环的受力分析,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995,19(6)
[34]房军等,非均匀外压作用下套管的弹性变形分析,管道技术与设备,1994,18
[35]宋明等,固井水泥环对套管承载能力的影响规律,石油钻采工艺,2002,24(4)
[36]陈红伟等,套管损坏地质因素分析及控制技术,石油钻采工艺,2002,24(2)
[37]章根德等,围岩蠕变对油井套管变形的影响,岩石力学与工程学报,2000.6
[38]刘振武等主编.中国油气应用基础研究展望.北京:石油工业出版社,2003.6
[39]周延军:“油层压力亏空对套管损坏影响的研究”2001年硕士毕业论文
[40]张德元,刘子晋.油田注水开发引起的套管损坏与地应力场变化.油田地震信息监测研究与应用,北京:地震出版社,1995:109～119
[41]高宝奎,高温引起的套管附加载荷实用计算模型,石油钻采工艺,2002, 24( 1 )
[42]韩建增:“大管抗挤强度研究”2001年博士毕业论文
[43]J.S.Song,Bowen,Jeryr, et al. The Intenral Pressure Cpaaciyt of Creseent Shpaed Casing. SPE23902,1992.
[44]练章华,韩建增,董事尔,等.基于数值模拟的复杂地层套管破坏机理研究.天然气工业, 2002, 22(l):45-51.
[45] P.D.pattillo; N.C.Last&W.T.Asbill,Eeffet Non_Uniofrm Loading on Conventional Casing Collapse Resistanee. SPE 79871, 2003.
[46]王钊.用有限元法分析石油套管的椭圆度对承载能力的影响.2004,33(4):39-43.
[47]李斌.非均匀外压下含磨损缺陷套管的挤毁极限载荷分析.西北工业大学学报, 2002,20(4):559-662.
[48] Huang X , Mihsein M , Kibble K, et al. Collapse strength analysis of casing design using finite element method. Pressure vessels and piping ,2000.
[49] Stewart RB. An Expandable Slotted-Tubling Fiber-Cement wellbore Lining System. SPE Drilling&Completion, September 1997:163-167.
[50] J.H.Nester.Resistance to Failure of Oil Well Casing Subjected to non-uniform Transverse Loading[J] . Drill & Production Practice,1955,28(8): 23-28.
[51] J.B.Cheatham.Behavior of Casing Subjected to Salt Loading.Transacts of AIME,1964,58(9):1069-1075
[52] C.Mark著,葛洪魁译.用水泥封固的双层管柱抗挤强度评价[J].滑动石油学院译丛,1987,2(2):18-24.
[53]龚伟安.液压下的管柱弯曲问题[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):41-46.
[54] F.V.Silva.Casing Collapse A NALYSIS Associated with Reservoir Compaction and Overburden Subsidence. SPE20953,1990.
[55] J.M.Cook.Effects of Strain Rate and Confining Pressure on the Deformation and Failure of Shale. SPE19944,1990..
[56] F . Khalaf . Increasing Casing Collapse Resistance Against Salt-Induced Loads. SPE13712,1985.
[57]王越之,李自俊,余雄鹰.按地应力确定套管外挤压力的探讨[J].石油机械,1997,25(1):42-46.
[58]郑俊德,张艳秋.非均匀载荷下套管的强度计算[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):19-23.
[59] P.Brauns.Influence of Temperature Changes on Stress in Casing Strings. BEB,1980.
[60]姜书丹.对油层套管受热膨胀的初步分析[J].石油钻采工艺,1981,3(1):77-81.
[61] T.K.Perkings,J.A.Gonzalez.Changes in Earth Stresses Around a Wellbore Caused by Radially Symmetrical Pressure and Temperature Gradients. Society of Petroleum Enginners Journal,1984,24(2):129-140
[62]宋辉.井筒瞬态温度场研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):21-26.
[63]吴疆,郝俊芳.固井注水泥套管许可偏心度[J].石油钻探技术,1989,17(4):42-47.
[64]王咏嘉.粘弹性岩石中井筒的井壁压力及位移[J].东北工学院学报,1984,39(2):1-12.
[65]仇伟德,赵怀文.影响套管挤压强度的主要因素[J].石油学报,1996,17(2):113-119.
[66]邬亦炯.不均匀壁厚圆管的临界外压计算[J].石油钻采工艺,1990,16(2):1-10.
[67]房军.非均匀地应力作用下套管和水泥环表面受力特征分析[J].石油大学学报,1997,21(1):46-48.
[68]高学仕,房军.水泥约束套管抗挤能力的计算方法[J].石油大学学报,1994,18(3):39-46.
[69]章根德,刘存林.围岩蠕变对油井套管变形的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增):971-975.
[70]陈红伟,范春等.套管损坏地质因素分析及控制技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(2):25-27.
[71]徐守余等,油井套管损坏动力学机制研究,石油钻采工艺,2003,25(3)
[72]杨勇.国产高抗挤套管残余应力初探. 1998, 27(6):1-5.
[73]郝俊芳.套管强度计算与设计,北京,石油工业出版社, 1987,1-147.
[74] API Bul 5C3 Formulas and Calculations for Casing Tubing Drill Pipe and Line Pipe Properties. 1989.
[75] Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations for Casing Tubing Drill Pipe and Line Pipe Properties. API Bulletin5C3, Sixth Edition, 1994.
[76]龚伟安.美国石油学会关于套管挤毁压力计算理论及其应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1981,(6):11-22.
[77] P.D.Pattilo. How Amoco Sovled Casing Design Problem in the Gulf of Suez[J]. Petroleum Engineering International,1981,11(2):58-63.
[78]仇伟德,赵怀文.套管的挤压分析[J].石油学报,1995,16(2).
[79]郝俊芳,龚伟安.套管强度计算与设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987.
[80]大港油田集团钻采工艺研究院编.国内外钻井与采油工程新技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2002.8.
[81] [美]A.鲁宾斯基著.钻井工程进展(第一册).北京:石油工业出版社,1994.5
[82] H.拉比压著,华仲户,王林译.套管设计基础,北京:石油工业出版社,1995.12 [82a]杨良杰等,冀东油田套管损坏现状及综合治理措施,石油钻采工艺,2003,25(2): 79-82
[83]张庆茹.国内固井技术[J].中外科技情报,2007,8:3.
[84]冉训,谭小平,张景文,茹伟明,朱家富,刘国伟.非全眼固井高压储气井安全运行分析[J].石油矿场机械, 2008, 37(12):86- 88.
[85]信廷富,张宏军,王建仓,刘爱锋,刘铮.海相油气田超深井完井固井技术[J].石油钻采工艺2008,30(2):14- 22.
[86]林强,郑力会,崔小勃,毛丹,袁小兵,仵伟.高温高压小井眼尾管固井技术应用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程) , 2008, 11:24- 26.
[87]赵红.应用综合固井技术提高固井质量[J].维普资讯:92- 93
[88]史晓梅.固井质量变化的影H向因素分析[J].石油仪器, 2008, 22(3):47- 49.
[89]张兴国,高兴原,冯明.固井质量影响因素分析[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(2)
[90]叶志富.固井质量影响因素及对策[J].天然气技术, 2008, 2(3):27- 29.
[91]高义兵,刘其斌,刘子平,官超积,毛英雄.固井质量的测井评价及影响因素分析[J].围外测井技术, 2008, 23(3):40- 42.
[92]高学仕,房军,王丽华.水泥约束石油套管抗挤能力的计算方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994, 18(3):53- 57.
[93]魏小胜,肖莲珍,李宗津.采用电阻率法研究水泥水化过程[J].硅酸盐学报,2004, 32(1):34- 38.
[94]唐磊,冯林.关于水泥强度形成的探讨[J].山西建筑,2007, 33(25):186-187.
[95] Baumgarte C, Thiercelin M. Case Studies of Expanding Cement to Prevent Microannular Formation. SPE 56535. 1999.
[96]马旭等,套管水泥环的室内破坏试验及力学分析,石油机械,2000,28(4)
[97] API Bul 5C3 Fomrulas and Caleulations for Casing,tubing Drill Pipe,and Line PIPe PorPerties. 1989.
[98]李志明,张金珠编著.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1997.9。
[99]宋惠珍,黄立人,华祥文编著.地应力场综合研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1990.3。
[100]杨桂通编.弹塑性力学[M].北京:人民教育出版社.1980.10。
[101]徐秉汉,裴俊厚,朱邦俊著.壳体开孔的理论与实验[M].北京:国防工业出版社.1987.4。
[102]中国石油天然气总公司石油信息研究所著.国外力学和化学稳定井壁机理和方法的调研(内部发行)[M].北京:石油出版社印刷厂。
[103]张允真.弹性力学及其有限元法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1985.
[104]刘鸿文.材料力学(第二版)1.北京:高等教育出版社, 1983:201-223
[105]王俊奎,丁立祚.弹性固体力学,北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[106]吕英民.材料力学(I),材料力学(II).山东东营:石油大学出版社,1995:43-47,202-204.
[107] Richard G. Budynas著,清华大学出版社影印.高等材料力学和实用应力分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.9。
[108]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1983:163~165。[108a]徐芝纶.弹性力学(下册).北京:人民教育出版社,1979.8:267-269
[109] C.库克等著,郝俊芳,李自俊等译.国外完井技术丛书2—固井[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986.9。
[110]布尔卡柯夫,铁木辛哥.弹性稳定理论[M],张福范译,科学出版社,1958:2-12.
[111]闫相祯,等.蠕变地层套管外载计算的位移反分析法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1):103—106.
[112] Huang,N.C., Pattillo. P. D, :“Collapse of oil well Casing”, part I , Amoco production company,April,1980:11-37.
[113] Pattilo, Pankin.油层段套管损坏机理研究[J].中国学位论文全文数据库,西南石油学院.2003:3-5.
[114]于永南,等.射孔套管剩余抗挤能力分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):77—84.
[115]王旱祥,等.射孔对套管强度的影响[J].石油机械,2000,28(5):42-45.
[116]向绪金,等.射孔对套管强度的影响研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(5):86-87.
[117]杨恒林等.蠕变地层套管等效破坏载荷分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(4):94—97.
[118]杨耀乾.薄壳理论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1981.11
[119]数学手册编写组.数学手册.北京:高等教育出版社,1979.5:87-90
[120] Almroth,B.O.,Holmes,A.M.C.and Brush,D.O.,An experimental study of the buckling of cylinders under compression,Exp.Mech.,4,9(1964),263~270
[121]杨茀康,李家宝主编.结构力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社71~73.1998年11月.ISBN7-04-006662-9
[122]佟景伟,伍洪泽主编.实验应力分析[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1983.7
[123]李维国,同登科主编.数值计算方法[M].山东东营:中国石油大学术出版社,2008.10
[124]陈铁云,沈惠中编著.结构的屈曲[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1993.12
[125]宋勇,艾宴清,梁波等编著. ANSYS7.0有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.3.
[126]陈晓霞主编. ANSYS7.0高级分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.6
[127]谭建国.使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:1～5
[128]苏生瑞,黄润秋,王士天著.断裂构造对地应力场的影响及其工程应用[M].北京:科技出版社,2002:2～4。
[2]徐惠峰主编.钻井技术手册(三)·固井[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990.7
[3]崔孝秉,张宏,李子厚,安文华,宋治,套管柱悬空段合理长度的研究[J],石油学报,1997年第18卷第1期,91~95
[4]窦益华:“井下套管受力与变形若干专题研究”2000年博士毕业论文
[5]崔孝秉,注蒸汽热采井套管损坏机理研究,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(3)
[6]宋治,崔孝秉,史交齐.全田油层套管损坏情况调查原因分析.防治推荐意见.首届全国套损治理研讨会论文集(西安),2002,7.
[7]练章华.粘弹性流动地层引起套管变形的计算机仿真及预防措施.西南石油学院.
[8]李子丰,杨敏嘉,李邦达.油井套管损环的机理分析.石油钻采工艺,1985,7(4):47-53.
[9]宋治.油层套管损坏的原因分析及预防措施.石油钻采工艺,1985,7(l):9-22.
[10]舒干,李现东,赵志超等.套管损坏机理研究.江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(l):60-3.
[11]刘绘新.对四川三迭系盐岩层套管挤毁问题的研究.钻采工艺,2003,26(6):10-13.
[12]刘绍轩,刘鹏程,王晓东,张文才.大庆油田南二区西部控制套管损坏研究[J].钻采工艺,2003,26(3):61-64.
[13]孙建成.胜利油田郝科1井套管挤毁的启示.石油钻采工艺,1998,20 (4):21-28.
[14]赵有芳.国外油田油水井套管损坏综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1989,8(2):71-77.
[15]宋治.油层套管损坏原因分析及预防措施[J].石油学报,1987,8(2):62-69.
[16]张先普等.我国油田套管损坏的原因探讨[J].石油钻采工艺,1996,18(5):7-12.
[17]张宝恒.江汉盐湖盆地套管损坏原因分析[J].石油学报,1983,4(4):13-17.
[18]王林发.套管损坏的地质因素分析[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1989,8(1):53-56.
[19]李兴才,杨若义.岩层滑动是扶余油田套管变形的一种可能机制[J].石油学报,1987,8(4):39-53.
[20]崔孝秉等.注水井开发油田套管损坏的机理研究[J].石油学报,1993,14(3):93-101.
[21]孟祥玉等.胜利油田套管损坏的现状及建议[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):10-15.
[22] J.D.Clegg.Casing Failure Study-Cedar Creek Anticline.SPE3030,1974
[23]王仲茂,李文阳.注水开发区套管变形机理及防治[J].石油钻采工艺,1989,11(2):1-12.
[24] H.G.Texter.Oil Well Casing and Tubing and Troubles[J] . Drill & Production Practice,1955,28(7): 16-24.
[25]付继彤,彭苏萍等.孤岛油田和孤东油田套管损坏统计及机理分析[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(2):84-85.
[26]张志全,伍家忠,罗跃.港西油田套管变形分析及对策[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(4):83-84.
[27] Mitchell,R.F.Buckling Behavier of Well Tubing:The Packers Effects. Society of Petroleum Enginners Journal,1982,41(10):616-624.
[28]赵怀文,高学仕.油水井套管水力挤压破坏性质[J].石油大学学报,1991,15(5): 39-46.
[29]张先普.荆丘油田套管变形机理及防治方法[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):1-9.
[30]仇伟德等,影响套管挤压强度的主要因素,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995,19(2)
[31]邓金根等,油井套管、水泥环组合体抗非均匀围岩外载的强度特性,岩石力学与工程学报,1994.6
[32]刘建中等,油田套管损坏的压力与压差联合作用机制,石油勘探与开发,2001,28(2)
[33]房军等,非均匀地应力作用下套管与水泥环的受力分析,石油大学学报(自然科学版),1995,19(6)
[34]房军等,非均匀外压作用下套管的弹性变形分析,管道技术与设备,1994,18
[35]宋明等,固井水泥环对套管承载能力的影响规律,石油钻采工艺,2002,24(4)
[36]陈红伟等,套管损坏地质因素分析及控制技术,石油钻采工艺,2002,24(2)
[37]章根德等,围岩蠕变对油井套管变形的影响,岩石力学与工程学报,2000.6
[38]刘振武等主编.中国油气应用基础研究展望.北京:石油工业出版社,2003.6
[39]周延军:“油层压力亏空对套管损坏影响的研究”2001年硕士毕业论文
[40]张德元,刘子晋.油田注水开发引起的套管损坏与地应力场变化.油田地震信息监测研究与应用,北京:地震出版社,1995:109～119
[41]高宝奎,高温引起的套管附加载荷实用计算模型,石油钻采工艺,2002, 24( 1 )
[42]韩建增:“大管抗挤强度研究”2001年博士毕业论文
[43]J.S.Song,Bowen,Jeryr, et al. The Intenral Pressure Cpaaciyt of Creseent Shpaed Casing. SPE23902,1992.
[44]练章华,韩建增,董事尔,等.基于数值模拟的复杂地层套管破坏机理研究.天然气工业, 2002, 22(l):45-51.
[45] P.D.pattillo; N.C.Last&W.T.Asbill,Eeffet Non_Uniofrm Loading on Conventional Casing Collapse Resistanee. SPE 79871, 2003.
[46]王钊.用有限元法分析石油套管的椭圆度对承载能力的影响.2004,33(4):39-43.
[47]李斌.非均匀外压下含磨损缺陷套管的挤毁极限载荷分析.西北工业大学学报, 2002,20(4):559-662.
[48] Huang X , Mihsein M , Kibble K, et al. Collapse strength analysis of casing design using finite element method. Pressure vessels and piping ,2000.
[49] Stewart RB. An Expandable Slotted-Tubling Fiber-Cement wellbore Lining System. SPE Drilling&Completion, September 1997:163-167.
[50] J.H.Nester.Resistance to Failure of Oil Well Casing Subjected to non-uniform Transverse Loading[J] . Drill & Production Practice,1955,28(8): 23-28.
[51] J.B.Cheatham.Behavior of Casing Subjected to Salt Loading.Transacts of AIME,1964,58(9):1069-1075
[52] C.Mark著,葛洪魁译.用水泥封固的双层管柱抗挤强度评价[J].滑动石油学院译丛,1987,2(2):18-24.
[53]龚伟安.液压下的管柱弯曲问题[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):41-46.
[54] F.V.Silva.Casing Collapse A NALYSIS Associated with Reservoir Compaction and Overburden Subsidence. SPE20953,1990.
[55] J.M.Cook.Effects of Strain Rate and Confining Pressure on the Deformation and Failure of Shale. SPE19944,1990..
[56] F . Khalaf . Increasing Casing Collapse Resistance Against Salt-Induced Loads. SPE13712,1985.
[57]王越之,李自俊,余雄鹰.按地应力确定套管外挤压力的探讨[J].石油机械,1997,25(1):42-46.
[58]郑俊德,张艳秋.非均匀载荷下套管的强度计算[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):19-23.
[59] P.Brauns.Influence of Temperature Changes on Stress in Casing Strings. BEB,1980.
[60]姜书丹.对油层套管受热膨胀的初步分析[J].石油钻采工艺,1981,3(1):77-81.
[61] T.K.Perkings,J.A.Gonzalez.Changes in Earth Stresses Around a Wellbore Caused by Radially Symmetrical Pressure and Temperature Gradients. Society of Petroleum Enginners Journal,1984,24(2):129-140
[62]宋辉.井筒瞬态温度场研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(2):21-26.
[63]吴疆,郝俊芳.固井注水泥套管许可偏心度[J].石油钻探技术,1989,17(4):42-47.
[64]王咏嘉.粘弹性岩石中井筒的井壁压力及位移[J].东北工学院学报,1984,39(2):1-12.
[65]仇伟德,赵怀文.影响套管挤压强度的主要因素[J].石油学报,1996,17(2):113-119.
[66]邬亦炯.不均匀壁厚圆管的临界外压计算[J].石油钻采工艺,1990,16(2):1-10.
[67]房军.非均匀地应力作用下套管和水泥环表面受力特征分析[J].石油大学学报,1997,21(1):46-48.
[68]高学仕,房军.水泥约束套管抗挤能力的计算方法[J].石油大学学报,1994,18(3):39-46.
[69]章根德,刘存林.围岩蠕变对油井套管变形的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增):971-975.
[70]陈红伟,范春等.套管损坏地质因素分析及控制技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(2):25-27.
[71]徐守余等,油井套管损坏动力学机制研究,石油钻采工艺,2003,25(3)
[72]杨勇.国产高抗挤套管残余应力初探. 1998, 27(6):1-5.
[73]郝俊芳.套管强度计算与设计,北京,石油工业出版社, 1987,1-147.
[74] API Bul 5C3 Formulas and Calculations for Casing Tubing Drill Pipe and Line Pipe Properties. 1989.
[75] Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations for Casing Tubing Drill Pipe and Line Pipe Properties. API Bulletin5C3, Sixth Edition, 1994.
[76]龚伟安.美国石油学会关于套管挤毁压力计算理论及其应用[J].石油钻采工艺,1981,(6):11-22.
[77] P.D.Pattilo. How Amoco Sovled Casing Design Problem in the Gulf of Suez[J]. Petroleum Engineering International,1981,11(2):58-63.
[78]仇伟德,赵怀文.套管的挤压分析[J].石油学报,1995,16(2).
[79]郝俊芳,龚伟安.套管强度计算与设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987.
[80]大港油田集团钻采工艺研究院编.国内外钻井与采油工程新技术[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2002.8.
[81] [美]A.鲁宾斯基著.钻井工程进展(第一册).北京:石油工业出版社,1994.5
[82] H.拉比压著,华仲户,王林译.套管设计基础,北京:石油工业出版社,1995.12 [82a]杨良杰等,冀东油田套管损坏现状及综合治理措施,石油钻采工艺,2003,25(2): 79-82
[83]张庆茹.国内固井技术[J].中外科技情报,2007,8:3.
[84]冉训,谭小平,张景文,茹伟明,朱家富,刘国伟.非全眼固井高压储气井安全运行分析[J].石油矿场机械, 2008, 37(12):86- 88.
[85]信廷富,张宏军,王建仓,刘爱锋,刘铮.海相油气田超深井完井固井技术[J].石油钻采工艺2008,30(2):14- 22.
[86]林强,郑力会,崔小勃,毛丹,袁小兵,仵伟.高温高压小井眼尾管固井技术应用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程) , 2008, 11:24- 26.
[87]赵红.应用综合固井技术提高固井质量[J].维普资讯:92- 93
[88]史晓梅.固井质量变化的影H向因素分析[J].石油仪器, 2008, 22(3):47- 49.
[89]张兴国,高兴原,冯明.固井质量影响因素分析[J].钻采工艺,2002,25(2)
[90]叶志富.固井质量影响因素及对策[J].天然气技术, 2008, 2(3):27- 29.
[91]高义兵,刘其斌,刘子平,官超积,毛英雄.固井质量的测井评价及影响因素分析[J].围外测井技术, 2008, 23(3):40- 42.
[92]高学仕,房军,王丽华.水泥约束石油套管抗挤能力的计算方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994, 18(3):53- 57.
[93]魏小胜,肖莲珍,李宗津.采用电阻率法研究水泥水化过程[J].硅酸盐学报,2004, 32(1):34- 38.
[94]唐磊,冯林.关于水泥强度形成的探讨[J].山西建筑,2007, 33(25):186-187.
[95] Baumgarte C, Thiercelin M. Case Studies of Expanding Cement to Prevent Microannular Formation. SPE 56535. 1999.
[96]马旭等,套管水泥环的室内破坏试验及力学分析,石油机械,2000,28(4)
[97] API Bul 5C3 Fomrulas and Caleulations for Casing,tubing Drill Pipe,and Line PIPe PorPerties. 1989.
[98]李志明,张金珠编著.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1997.9。
[99]宋惠珍,黄立人,华祥文编著.地应力场综合研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1990.3。
[100]杨桂通编.弹塑性力学[M].北京:人民教育出版社.1980.10。
[101]徐秉汉,裴俊厚,朱邦俊著.壳体开孔的理论与实验[M].北京:国防工业出版社.1987.4。
[102]中国石油天然气总公司石油信息研究所著.国外力学和化学稳定井壁机理和方法的调研(内部发行)[M].北京:石油出版社印刷厂。
[103]张允真.弹性力学及其有限元法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1985.
[104]刘鸿文.材料力学(第二版)1.北京:高等教育出版社, 1983:201-223
[105]王俊奎,丁立祚.弹性固体力学,北京:中国铁道出版社,1990
[106]吕英民.材料力学(I),材料力学(II).山东东营:石油大学出版社,1995:43-47,202-204.
[107] Richard G. Budynas著,清华大学出版社影印.高等材料力学和实用应力分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.9。
[108]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1983:163~165。[108a]徐芝纶.弹性力学(下册).北京:人民教育出版社,1979.8:267-269
[109] C.库克等著,郝俊芳,李自俊等译.国外完井技术丛书2—固井[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986.9。
[110]布尔卡柯夫,铁木辛哥.弹性稳定理论[M],张福范译,科学出版社,1958:2-12.
[111]闫相祯,等.蠕变地层套管外载计算的位移反分析法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1):103—106.
[112] Huang,N.C., Pattillo. P. D, :“Collapse of oil well Casing”, part I , Amoco production company,April,1980:11-37.
[113] Pattilo, Pankin.油层段套管损坏机理研究[J].中国学位论文全文数据库,西南石油学院.2003:3-5.
[114]于永南,等.射孔套管剩余抗挤能力分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):77—84.
[115]王旱祥,等.射孔对套管强度的影响[J].石油机械,2000,28(5):42-45.
[116]向绪金,等.射孔对套管强度的影响研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(5):86-87.
[117]杨恒林等.蠕变地层套管等效破坏载荷分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(4):94—97.
[118]杨耀乾.薄壳理论[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1981.11
[119]数学手册编写组.数学手册.北京:高等教育出版社,1979.5:87-90
[120] Almroth,B.O.,Holmes,A.M.C.and Brush,D.O.,An experimental study of the buckling of cylinders under compression,Exp.Mech.,4,9(1964),263~270
[121]杨茀康,李家宝主编.结构力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社71~73.1998年11月.ISBN7-04-006662-9
[122]佟景伟,伍洪泽主编.实验应力分析[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1983.7
[123]李维国,同登科主编.数值计算方法[M].山东东营:中国石油大学术出版社,2008.10
[124]陈铁云,沈惠中编著.结构的屈曲[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1993.12
[125]宋勇,艾宴清,梁波等编著. ANSYS7.0有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.3.
[126]陈晓霞主编. ANSYS7.0高级分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.6
[127]谭建国.使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002:1～5
[128]苏生瑞,黄润秋,王士天著.断裂构造对地应力场的影响及其工程应用[M].北京:科技出版社,2002:2～4。
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |