铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱降解及抗坏血酸—谷胱甘肽循环的缓解效应
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摘要
农药虽然在防治蔬菜病虫害、减少蔬菜产量损失方面发挥了很重要的作用,但由于其使用不当,使得蔬菜中农药残留超标现象严重,引起的食品安全事件屡有发生,对人们的身心健康构成了潜在威胁。近年来,农药残留作为“技术壁垒”在国际农产品贸易中的地位日益凸显。
菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)是我国出口蔬菜的重要品种之一,其食用安全性备受关注。本文以菠菜为试验材料,以毒死蜱为供试农药,研究海藻酸及壳聚糖铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱残留降解作用及其对菠菜品质的影响,以及其对毒死蜱胁迫下菠菜叶片抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的缓解作用,以探讨铈配合物作为降解制剂在菠菜安全生产上的可行性及对毒死蜱胁迫的缓解效应。主要研究结果如下:
1.采用气相色谱法(GC-NPD)检测毒死蜱农药残留量,在大棚栽培条件下研究了不同浓度海藻酸铈配合物及壳聚糖铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱残留动态和品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施不同浓度海藻酸及壳聚糖铈配合物都不同程度地降解菠菜中毒死蜱残留量,其中3.3mL/L海藻酸铈配合物可使菠菜中毒死蜱的降解率达到59.98%,10mL/L壳聚糖铈配合物可使毒死蜱的降解率达45.76%。叶面喷施这两种铈配合物在某种程度上还能改善菠菜品质。试验表明,在菠菜生产中,将海藻酸及壳聚糖的铈配合物作为去除菠菜中毒死蜱残留的降解剂是可行的。
2.在大棚栽培条件下研究了适宜浓度的海藻酸及其铈配合物、壳聚糖及其铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱残留动态的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施海藻酸、壳聚糖及其相同浓度的铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱残留都有一定的降解作用,但当它们与铈形成配合物后可明显提高菠菜中毒死蜱残留的降解率;同时还测定了毒死蜱胁迫下叶面喷施海藻酸、壳聚糖及其铈配合物后菠菜Vc、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、硝酸盐、草酸含量,结果表明,叶面喷施3.3mL/L海藻酸及10mL/L壳聚糖铈配合物可在一定程度上改善毒死蜱胁迫下菠菜品质。试验表明,在菠菜安全生产中,将海藻酸及壳聚糖与稀土铈形成的配合物作为降解制剂应用于去除叶菜类蔬菜中毒死蜱残留方面是可行的。
3.以菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)为材料,测定了毒死蜱胁迫条件下第0d到第14d期间非酶抗氧化物质抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和H_2O_2的含量以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)的等抗氧化酶活性,研究了毒死蜱胁迫下海藻酸铈配合物对菠菜叶片抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽抗循环的影响。本研究表明,与对照相比菠菜在受到毒死蜱胁迫后,叶片中H_2O_2大量积累,此时非酶促抗氧化物质—AsA和GSH含量降低,APX、GR、DHAR和MDAR的活性升高;喷施海藻酸铈配合物处理组与单喷毒死蜱处理组相比,H_2O_2积累量减少, AsA和GSH含量升高,而相关的抗氧化酶活性也提高以此来缓解毒死蜱胁迫。适宜浓度的海藻酸铈配合物处理可提高菠菜叶片的抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽抗氧化酶循环系统的酶活性及非酶抗氧化物质含量,减轻活性氧伤害,对毒死蜱胁迫有一定的缓解效应。
Pesticides have played an important role in protecting vegetable crops from diseases and insect pests, and reducing yield loss. However, due to its improper use, the residues of pesticides cause severe food safety accidents to occurr, which has an serious influence on people's physical and mental health. In the recent years ,pesticides residue as a technical barrier plays increasingly prominent role in international trade of agricultural products.
Spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)is an important variety for vegetable export in China, so its food safety is increasingly concerned. The paper mainly studied effects of spraying alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes on degradation of chlorpyrifos residues and quality in spinach,and alleviative effects of spraying alginate / Ce complexes on spinach leaves physiological indexes under chlorpyrifos stress,which in order to discuss the feasibility of cerium complexes as the degradation preparation applied in leaf vegetables to degrade chlorpyrifos in the safety production process .This research refers to following aspects:
1. Under the greenhouse cultivation condition, the dynamic analysis of chlorpyrifos residues and quality in spinach by spraying different concentrations of alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes were investigated,and pesticide residues were detected by using GC-NPD . The results showed that chlorpyrifos residues in spinach were in different degrees of degradation by spraying different concentrations of alginate and chitosan/ cerium complexes. 3.3mL/L alginate/ cerium complexes could make the degradation rate reached 59.98% and 10mL/L chitosan/ cerium complexes could make chlorpyrifos degradation rate reached 45.76%. While spraying the two kinds of complexes on spinach had no obvious negative influence on spinach quality, and to some extent it could improve the quality of spinach. The experimental results show that alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes applied in the growth of vegetables to degrade chlorpyrifos will be feasible.
2.Under the greenhouse cultivation condition, the dynamic analysis of chlorpyrifos residues in spinach by spraying proper concentrations of alginate、chitosan and alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes were investigated . The results showed that chlorpyrifos residues had degraded by spraying alginate、chitosan and its the same concentration of cerium complexes on spinach in some extent, but their cerium complexes could greatly improved the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos residues in spinach; Under the stress of chlorpyrifos ,the contents of vitamin C、soluble protein、soluble sugar、nitrate、oxalate were determined by spraying alginate、chitosan and alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes on spinach. The results showed that to some extent ,spraying 3.3mL/L alginate/ Ce and 10mL/L chitosan/ Ce complexes on spinach could improve the quality of spinach under the stress of chlorpyrifos. The experimental results show that alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes as a degradation preparation applied in the growth of spinach to degrade chlorpyrifos will be feasible.
3. Under the stress of chlorpyrifos , the effects of alginate cerium complexes on the glutathione and antioxidant enzyme circulation system in spinach leaves were investigated under the open-field condition . The results showed that , comparing with spraying water,there had increased contents of H_2O_2 and decreased contents of ascorbic acid( AsA) and glutathione (GSH),and also increased acttivities of ascorbate peroxidase(APX), glutathione reductase(GR), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) in the spinach leaves under the stress of chlorpyrifos ;Comparing spraying chlorpyrifos with spraying appropriate concentrations of alginate cerium complexes on spinach leaves, there had decreased contents of H_2O_2 and increased contents of ascorbic acid( AsA) and glutathione (GSH),and the acttivities of related antioxidant enzymes had increased in order to alleviate the chlorpyrifos stress.The experimental results showed that spraying appropriate concentrations of alginate cerium complexes would have an alleviation effects on spinach under chlorpyrifos stress.
菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)是我国出口蔬菜的重要品种之一,其食用安全性备受关注。本文以菠菜为试验材料,以毒死蜱为供试农药,研究海藻酸及壳聚糖铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱残留降解作用及其对菠菜品质的影响,以及其对毒死蜱胁迫下菠菜叶片抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的缓解作用,以探讨铈配合物作为降解制剂在菠菜安全生产上的可行性及对毒死蜱胁迫的缓解效应。主要研究结果如下:
1.采用气相色谱法(GC-NPD)检测毒死蜱农药残留量,在大棚栽培条件下研究了不同浓度海藻酸铈配合物及壳聚糖铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱残留动态和品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施不同浓度海藻酸及壳聚糖铈配合物都不同程度地降解菠菜中毒死蜱残留量,其中3.3mL/L海藻酸铈配合物可使菠菜中毒死蜱的降解率达到59.98%,10mL/L壳聚糖铈配合物可使毒死蜱的降解率达45.76%。叶面喷施这两种铈配合物在某种程度上还能改善菠菜品质。试验表明,在菠菜生产中,将海藻酸及壳聚糖的铈配合物作为去除菠菜中毒死蜱残留的降解剂是可行的。
2.在大棚栽培条件下研究了适宜浓度的海藻酸及其铈配合物、壳聚糖及其铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱残留动态的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施海藻酸、壳聚糖及其相同浓度的铈配合物对菠菜中毒死蜱残留都有一定的降解作用,但当它们与铈形成配合物后可明显提高菠菜中毒死蜱残留的降解率;同时还测定了毒死蜱胁迫下叶面喷施海藻酸、壳聚糖及其铈配合物后菠菜Vc、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、硝酸盐、草酸含量,结果表明,叶面喷施3.3mL/L海藻酸及10mL/L壳聚糖铈配合物可在一定程度上改善毒死蜱胁迫下菠菜品质。试验表明,在菠菜安全生产中,将海藻酸及壳聚糖与稀土铈形成的配合物作为降解制剂应用于去除叶菜类蔬菜中毒死蜱残留方面是可行的。
3.以菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)为材料,测定了毒死蜱胁迫条件下第0d到第14d期间非酶抗氧化物质抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和H_2O_2的含量以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)的等抗氧化酶活性,研究了毒死蜱胁迫下海藻酸铈配合物对菠菜叶片抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽抗循环的影响。本研究表明,与对照相比菠菜在受到毒死蜱胁迫后,叶片中H_2O_2大量积累,此时非酶促抗氧化物质—AsA和GSH含量降低,APX、GR、DHAR和MDAR的活性升高;喷施海藻酸铈配合物处理组与单喷毒死蜱处理组相比,H_2O_2积累量减少, AsA和GSH含量升高,而相关的抗氧化酶活性也提高以此来缓解毒死蜱胁迫。适宜浓度的海藻酸铈配合物处理可提高菠菜叶片的抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽抗氧化酶循环系统的酶活性及非酶抗氧化物质含量,减轻活性氧伤害,对毒死蜱胁迫有一定的缓解效应。
Pesticides have played an important role in protecting vegetable crops from diseases and insect pests, and reducing yield loss. However, due to its improper use, the residues of pesticides cause severe food safety accidents to occurr, which has an serious influence on people's physical and mental health. In the recent years ,pesticides residue as a technical barrier plays increasingly prominent role in international trade of agricultural products.
Spinach(Spinacia oleracea L.)is an important variety for vegetable export in China, so its food safety is increasingly concerned. The paper mainly studied effects of spraying alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes on degradation of chlorpyrifos residues and quality in spinach,and alleviative effects of spraying alginate / Ce complexes on spinach leaves physiological indexes under chlorpyrifos stress,which in order to discuss the feasibility of cerium complexes as the degradation preparation applied in leaf vegetables to degrade chlorpyrifos in the safety production process .This research refers to following aspects:
1. Under the greenhouse cultivation condition, the dynamic analysis of chlorpyrifos residues and quality in spinach by spraying different concentrations of alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes were investigated,and pesticide residues were detected by using GC-NPD . The results showed that chlorpyrifos residues in spinach were in different degrees of degradation by spraying different concentrations of alginate and chitosan/ cerium complexes. 3.3mL/L alginate/ cerium complexes could make the degradation rate reached 59.98% and 10mL/L chitosan/ cerium complexes could make chlorpyrifos degradation rate reached 45.76%. While spraying the two kinds of complexes on spinach had no obvious negative influence on spinach quality, and to some extent it could improve the quality of spinach. The experimental results show that alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes applied in the growth of vegetables to degrade chlorpyrifos will be feasible.
2.Under the greenhouse cultivation condition, the dynamic analysis of chlorpyrifos residues in spinach by spraying proper concentrations of alginate、chitosan and alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes were investigated . The results showed that chlorpyrifos residues had degraded by spraying alginate、chitosan and its the same concentration of cerium complexes on spinach in some extent, but their cerium complexes could greatly improved the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos residues in spinach; Under the stress of chlorpyrifos ,the contents of vitamin C、soluble protein、soluble sugar、nitrate、oxalate were determined by spraying alginate、chitosan and alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes on spinach. The results showed that to some extent ,spraying 3.3mL/L alginate/ Ce and 10mL/L chitosan/ Ce complexes on spinach could improve the quality of spinach under the stress of chlorpyrifos. The experimental results show that alginate and chitosan/ Ce complexes as a degradation preparation applied in the growth of spinach to degrade chlorpyrifos will be feasible.
3. Under the stress of chlorpyrifos , the effects of alginate cerium complexes on the glutathione and antioxidant enzyme circulation system in spinach leaves were investigated under the open-field condition . The results showed that , comparing with spraying water,there had increased contents of H_2O_2 and decreased contents of ascorbic acid( AsA) and glutathione (GSH),and also increased acttivities of ascorbate peroxidase(APX), glutathione reductase(GR), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) in the spinach leaves under the stress of chlorpyrifos ;Comparing spraying chlorpyrifos with spraying appropriate concentrations of alginate cerium complexes on spinach leaves, there had decreased contents of H_2O_2 and increased contents of ascorbic acid( AsA) and glutathione (GSH),and the acttivities of related antioxidant enzymes had increased in order to alleviate the chlorpyrifos stress.The experimental results showed that spraying appropriate concentrations of alginate cerium complexes would have an alleviation effects on spinach under chlorpyrifos stress.
引文
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