国有林区城镇公用事业民营化研究
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摘要
城镇公用事业是经济和社会发展的基础和载体,其发展水平和发展速度直接关系到国有林区经济的发展和社会的全面进步。长期以来,国有林区形成的政企合一、企事合一的特殊局面,造成了森工企业垄断经营公用事业的管理体制,制约了国有林区城镇公用事业的健康发展。总体发展水平低,运营效率低下,市政基础设施严重落后,公用企业缺乏积极性、自主性,这些共同构成了公用事业发展的障碍。为了建设和谐的社会主义新林区,促进市场竞争,提高公用企业的运营效率和服务质量,需要对国有林区城镇公用事业进行民营化改革。
本文首先提出国有林区城镇公用事业民营化的内涵,即在城镇公用事业领域以森工企业为主导,以市场化和社会化为主体,以公众满意为标准,打破行业垄断,引进竞争机制,构建森工企业、民营部门相互合作的公共服务体系。森工企业为安排者,民营部门为生产者,公众为消费者,其实质在于给予公众更多的选择空间,即“用投票的机会”,使公众自主选择公共服务主体,通过刺激竞争提高公共服务质量。
本文以基于供给主体选择的公共物品理论、基于政府行为纠偏的公共选择理论、基于产权与效率关系的产权理论和基于信息不对称的委托—代理理论为研究的理论基础,分析了国有林区城镇公用事业具有的准公共物品属性——可由森工企业与民营部门合作提供,通过国有林区森工企业与民营部门的委托代理关系,有效地解决“政府失灵”的问题。
本文借鉴国内外相关的理论研究和社会实践,针对国有林区城镇公用事业的特点和要求,通过对国有林区城镇公用事业现状和存在问题的分析,论述了国有林区城镇公用事业民营化的可行性。借鉴国外公用事业民营化改革的四种模式,在坚持产权国有、突出林区特色等原则下,设计了国有林区城镇公用事业民营化的“ST”模式,即“森工企业引导+特许经营模式”,并根据公用事业的不同类型,采取不同的实现路径。国有林区城镇公用事业的发展需要投入大量的资金,因此本文运用项目经营性区分理论,通过设计多元化的投资主体和多样化的融资渠道以及设立国有林区公用产业投资基金等方式实现民营化的投融资创新。国有林区城镇公用事业民营化中的民营企业,其行为动机是追求个人利益最大化,为防止其损害公共利益,就需要对其实行激励性的监管,通过进入监管、环境监管和价格监管,保障整个民营化改革的顺利运行并取得预期的效果。以黑龙江省柴河林业局为实证分析案例,对国有林区城镇公用事业民营化的经济、社会、环境诸项指标进行了综合评价分析。
The public utilities of cities and towns is base and carrier of economy and society development,its development level and speed directly effects economy development and whole society progress in state-owned forest region.For a long time,the special situation of no clear division of function between government and business,and no clear division of function between society and business,formed the management system of forest industry business monopolizing public utilities.It restrict the development of the public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.All together form the obstacles of the development of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,those are lower development level,lower management efficiency,severe backward of government base facilities,be short of enthusiasm and activeness of public utilities business.For building new hormony socilist forest region,prompting marcket competition,raising up managementefficience and serve level of public utilities business,it is necessory to privatization reform for public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.
Firstly the dissertation raise up the connotation of public utilities privatization of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,it is building the public serve system of cooperating between forest industry business and private business in the fields of public utilities of cities and towns,which guided by forest industry business,taking market-oriented and society-oriented as the main body,taking public satisfaction as the standard,and intrdocing the competetion mechanism to break the industry monopoly.Forest industry business is the designer,private business is the producer,public is the consumer.The essence is give more choice to public,that is the public using“the chance of vote”to choose the main body of public utilities.By encouraging competetion to improve serve level.
The dissertation take these as basic theory,which are public goods theory based on supply main body choice,public choice theory based on rectifying the deviation of government behaviour,property right theory based on the relation between property right and efficiency, and agency by agreement theory based on information non-symmetry.Analysed the nature of parapublic goods of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,that is it can be supplied by cooperation between forest industry business and private business.By the relation of agency by agreement between forest industry business and private business,solved the problem of“government be our of order”
Using the theory research and the society experience of foreign country for reference, directing with the characters and demand of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,by analysis of present situation and existing problems of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,discussed the feasiblity of public utilities privatization of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.According to the four kinds models of privatization reform for public utilities abroad,and keeping the principles of property right owned by nation and stressing the characters of forest region,the dissertation raised up the“ST”model of privatization reform for public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,that is“lead by forest industry business+franchies model”.According with the different situation of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,“ST”model gives different way to realize privatization reform.It need large number of capital to develop public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.So the dissertation used the division theory of project management,by designing the plurality of capital main body and different finance way,by building the capital fund of public utlities industry in state-owned forest region,to realize the innovation of investment and finance.The private business' behaviour motives is purchasing largest profit,which managed the public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.In order to prevent them from doing harm to the public benefit,must practise encouraging supervision management.The dissertation raised up participation supervision management,environment supervision management and price supervision management to guarantee success and achieve the desired result for the whole privatizion reform of public utilities.By the empirical analysis of Chaihe forest bureau in heilongjiang,comprehensively appraised the indexes of economy,society and environment etc.of privatization reform of public utlities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.
本文首先提出国有林区城镇公用事业民营化的内涵,即在城镇公用事业领域以森工企业为主导,以市场化和社会化为主体,以公众满意为标准,打破行业垄断,引进竞争机制,构建森工企业、民营部门相互合作的公共服务体系。森工企业为安排者,民营部门为生产者,公众为消费者,其实质在于给予公众更多的选择空间,即“用投票的机会”,使公众自主选择公共服务主体,通过刺激竞争提高公共服务质量。
本文以基于供给主体选择的公共物品理论、基于政府行为纠偏的公共选择理论、基于产权与效率关系的产权理论和基于信息不对称的委托—代理理论为研究的理论基础,分析了国有林区城镇公用事业具有的准公共物品属性——可由森工企业与民营部门合作提供,通过国有林区森工企业与民营部门的委托代理关系,有效地解决“政府失灵”的问题。
本文借鉴国内外相关的理论研究和社会实践,针对国有林区城镇公用事业的特点和要求,通过对国有林区城镇公用事业现状和存在问题的分析,论述了国有林区城镇公用事业民营化的可行性。借鉴国外公用事业民营化改革的四种模式,在坚持产权国有、突出林区特色等原则下,设计了国有林区城镇公用事业民营化的“ST”模式,即“森工企业引导+特许经营模式”,并根据公用事业的不同类型,采取不同的实现路径。国有林区城镇公用事业的发展需要投入大量的资金,因此本文运用项目经营性区分理论,通过设计多元化的投资主体和多样化的融资渠道以及设立国有林区公用产业投资基金等方式实现民营化的投融资创新。国有林区城镇公用事业民营化中的民营企业,其行为动机是追求个人利益最大化,为防止其损害公共利益,就需要对其实行激励性的监管,通过进入监管、环境监管和价格监管,保障整个民营化改革的顺利运行并取得预期的效果。以黑龙江省柴河林业局为实证分析案例,对国有林区城镇公用事业民营化的经济、社会、环境诸项指标进行了综合评价分析。
The public utilities of cities and towns is base and carrier of economy and society development,its development level and speed directly effects economy development and whole society progress in state-owned forest region.For a long time,the special situation of no clear division of function between government and business,and no clear division of function between society and business,formed the management system of forest industry business monopolizing public utilities.It restrict the development of the public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.All together form the obstacles of the development of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,those are lower development level,lower management efficiency,severe backward of government base facilities,be short of enthusiasm and activeness of public utilities business.For building new hormony socilist forest region,prompting marcket competition,raising up managementefficience and serve level of public utilities business,it is necessory to privatization reform for public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.
Firstly the dissertation raise up the connotation of public utilities privatization of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,it is building the public serve system of cooperating between forest industry business and private business in the fields of public utilities of cities and towns,which guided by forest industry business,taking market-oriented and society-oriented as the main body,taking public satisfaction as the standard,and intrdocing the competetion mechanism to break the industry monopoly.Forest industry business is the designer,private business is the producer,public is the consumer.The essence is give more choice to public,that is the public using“the chance of vote”to choose the main body of public utilities.By encouraging competetion to improve serve level.
The dissertation take these as basic theory,which are public goods theory based on supply main body choice,public choice theory based on rectifying the deviation of government behaviour,property right theory based on the relation between property right and efficiency, and agency by agreement theory based on information non-symmetry.Analysed the nature of parapublic goods of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,that is it can be supplied by cooperation between forest industry business and private business.By the relation of agency by agreement between forest industry business and private business,solved the problem of“government be our of order”
Using the theory research and the society experience of foreign country for reference, directing with the characters and demand of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,by analysis of present situation and existing problems of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,discussed the feasiblity of public utilities privatization of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.According to the four kinds models of privatization reform for public utilities abroad,and keeping the principles of property right owned by nation and stressing the characters of forest region,the dissertation raised up the“ST”model of privatization reform for public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,that is“lead by forest industry business+franchies model”.According with the different situation of public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region,“ST”model gives different way to realize privatization reform.It need large number of capital to develop public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.So the dissertation used the division theory of project management,by designing the plurality of capital main body and different finance way,by building the capital fund of public utlities industry in state-owned forest region,to realize the innovation of investment and finance.The private business' behaviour motives is purchasing largest profit,which managed the public utilities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.In order to prevent them from doing harm to the public benefit,must practise encouraging supervision management.The dissertation raised up participation supervision management,environment supervision management and price supervision management to guarantee success and achieve the desired result for the whole privatizion reform of public utilities.By the empirical analysis of Chaihe forest bureau in heilongjiang,comprehensively appraised the indexes of economy,society and environment etc.of privatization reform of public utlities of cities and towns in state-owned forest region.
引文
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