内嵌加固时CFRP板条与混凝土粘结性能的研究
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摘要
表层嵌入式(NSM，简称内嵌)加固法是纤维增强复合材料(FRP)加固混凝土结构的一种新的应用形式。它不仅保留了外贴加固法的优点，还具有更好的粘结、抗碾压和耐火性能，因而可以更充分利用FRP材料的高强度，更有效地用于桥面板等负弯矩区域加固。近年来，内嵌加固法在国外的研究与应用逐渐增多，但在我国还只是处于起步阶段。本文对内嵌CFRP板条加固混凝土结构时界面粘结性能进行了试验研究和理论分析，具体研究内容如下：
本文进行了内嵌加固时CFRP板条与混凝土界面粘结性能的试验研究。详细描述了内嵌CFRP板条混凝土C型试件的拉拔试验过程及试验结果，总结了四种典型的破坏形式。根据试验结果总结分析了粘结长度、开槽尺寸、粘结材料类型和混凝土强度等级对其粘结性能的影响。
本文分析研究了内嵌CFRP板条加固混凝土结构时，其界面粘结滑移本构关系中的两个特征值即粘结强度τ_u和与之相对应的滑移值S_u的计算方法。建立了粘结材料为环氧树脂和环氧砂浆的试件破坏界面的两段式粘结-滑移本构关系。根据本文的粘结-滑移本构关系，利用ANSYS通用程序对试件进行了非线性有限元分析，以模拟拉拔试验的全过程，分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。
Near Surface Mounted (NSM) reinforcing method is a new form of strengthening with FRP materials for concrete structure. The NSM strengthening method, not only keeps the advantages of the externally bonded FRP laminate, but also offers additional practical improvements, such as simple construction process, good properties of flame resistance and abrasion proof, effective strengthening of the slab at negative moment area and full utilizing the high strength property of the FRP. In recent years, overseas researches and applications on NSM strengthening method are increasing. However, it is still in a starting-stage in China. This paper focuses on followed contents by performing test and analysis on interface bond while strengthening concrete structure by near-surface mounting CFRP plate strip.
The paper analyzes tests for surface bonding properties between CFRP strip and concrete during the NSM strengthening course. It gives a detailed description on process and results for drawing tests of reinforced concrete structure with embedded FRP strip, as well sums up four typical failure modes. Depending on the outcomes of the trial, the paper reviews and analyzes the bonding length, slot size, bonding materials, concrete grades and other factors that affect its bonding properties.
The paper analyzes the computing method for two characteristic values, namely bonding strengthτ_u and its corresponding slip value s_u, in the constitutive relation between interface bond stress and slip, during the course of mounting CRFP strip for strengthening concrete structure. It has also established a two-band bond-slip constitutive relation for the destructing interfaces of epoxy resin and epoxy mortar. By utilizing ANSYS common procedures for non-linear finite element analysis and in combinations of reasonable bond-slip constitutive relation and materials constitutive relation, it simulates the whole process of drawing test. The analysis results proved to coincide with the experimental results.
本文进行了内嵌加固时CFRP板条与混凝土界面粘结性能的试验研究。详细描述了内嵌CFRP板条混凝土C型试件的拉拔试验过程及试验结果，总结了四种典型的破坏形式。根据试验结果总结分析了粘结长度、开槽尺寸、粘结材料类型和混凝土强度等级对其粘结性能的影响。
本文分析研究了内嵌CFRP板条加固混凝土结构时，其界面粘结滑移本构关系中的两个特征值即粘结强度τ_u和与之相对应的滑移值S_u的计算方法。建立了粘结材料为环氧树脂和环氧砂浆的试件破坏界面的两段式粘结-滑移本构关系。根据本文的粘结-滑移本构关系，利用ANSYS通用程序对试件进行了非线性有限元分析，以模拟拉拔试验的全过程，分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。
Near Surface Mounted (NSM) reinforcing method is a new form of strengthening with FRP materials for concrete structure. The NSM strengthening method, not only keeps the advantages of the externally bonded FRP laminate, but also offers additional practical improvements, such as simple construction process, good properties of flame resistance and abrasion proof, effective strengthening of the slab at negative moment area and full utilizing the high strength property of the FRP. In recent years, overseas researches and applications on NSM strengthening method are increasing. However, it is still in a starting-stage in China. This paper focuses on followed contents by performing test and analysis on interface bond while strengthening concrete structure by near-surface mounting CFRP plate strip.
The paper analyzes tests for surface bonding properties between CFRP strip and concrete during the NSM strengthening course. It gives a detailed description on process and results for drawing tests of reinforced concrete structure with embedded FRP strip, as well sums up four typical failure modes. Depending on the outcomes of the trial, the paper reviews and analyzes the bonding length, slot size, bonding materials, concrete grades and other factors that affect its bonding properties.
The paper analyzes the computing method for two characteristic values, namely bonding strengthτ_u and its corresponding slip value s_u, in the constitutive relation between interface bond stress and slip, during the course of mounting CRFP strip for strengthening concrete structure. It has also established a two-band bond-slip constitutive relation for the destructing interfaces of epoxy resin and epoxy mortar. By utilizing ANSYS common procedures for non-linear finite element analysis and in combinations of reasonable bond-slip constitutive relation and materials constitutive relation, it simulates the whole process of drawing test. The analysis results proved to coincide with the experimental results.
引文
[1] An W, Saadatmanesh H, Ehsani M R. RC Beams Strengthened with GFRP Plates Ⅱ: Analysis and Parametric Study[J] J. of Structural Engineering,1991,117 ASCE(11):3434-3455.
[2] Saadatmanesh H,Ehsani M R. RC Beams Strengthened with GFRP Plates Ⅰ: Experimental study[J] J. of Structural Engineering, 1991,117 ASCE(11): 3417-3433.
[3] Saadatmanesh H, Malek A M. Design Guidelines for Flexural Strengthening of RC Beams with FRP Plates[J].J. of Composites for Construction, 1998,2(4): 158-164.
[4] Chaallal O, Nollet M J, Perraton D. Strengthening of Reinforced concrete Beams with Externally Bonded Fiber-reinforced-plastic Plates: Design Guidelines for Shear and Flexure[J]. Can. J. Civ. Eng.,1998,25(4):692-704.
[5] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Near Surface Mounted FRP. ACI Stmctural Journal Technical Paper, 2001, 98(1): 60～68。
[6] Asp Lund S O. Strengthing Bridge Slabs with Grouted Reinforcement Journal of American Concrete Institute, 1949, 20(6): 397～406.
[7] Barnes, Richard Andrew, Geoffrey Charles. Fatigue Performance of Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Plates[J]. Journal of Composites for Construction, 1999,3(2):63～72.。
[8] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Inivestigation of Bond in Concrete Structures Strengthened with Near-SurfaceMountedCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips, ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2003, 7 (3): 248～257.
[9] De lorenzis,A Nanni,A La TegolaBond of Near Surface Mounted FRP Rods in concrete Masonry Units. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Composites Engineering (ICCE/7), Denver Colorado: 2000.
[10] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Characteristics of FRP Rods as NSM Reinforcement, ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2001, 5(2): 114～121.
[11] Hakan NORDIN. Fiber Reinforced Polymer in Civil Engineering. Ph D Thesis. department of Civil and Mining Engineering Division of Structure at Engineering. 2003, 90-143.
[12] Alkhrdaji T, Nanni A, ChenG, et al, Upgrading thetransportation infrastructure: Solid RC DecksStrengthened with FRP, concrete International, American Concrete Institute, 1999, 21(10): 37～41
[13] Hongue T, Comforth R C, Nanni A, Myriad Convention Center Floor System Renforcement. Proceedings of the FRPRCS-4, 1999, 1 145-1 161.
[14] Nanni A, Carbon Fibers in Civil Structure; Rehabilitation and New Construction, Proc The Global Outlook for Carbon Fiber, Intertech, San Aatonio, Texas: 2000.
[15] Tumialan G, Tinazzi D, Myers J, et al, Field Evaluation of Masonry Walls Strengthened with FRP Composites at the Malcolm Bliss Hospital. Report CIES 99-8, Univ, of Misssouri-Rolla, MO, 1999.
[16] Nitereka C, Neale K W. Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Flexure with Composite Laminates[J]. Carl J. Civ. Eng., 1999, 26(4): 646-654.
[17] Nanni A, Carbon FRP Strengthening; New Technology Becomes Mainstream, Concrete Intertional; Design and Construction, 1997, 19(6): 19-23。
[18] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A, A La Tegola. Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structure with Near Surfaced Mounted FRP Rods. International Meeting on Composite Materials, Intaly: 2000.
[19] Mahmoud T E, Joseph W T. Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Flexure with FRP Laminates[J]. J. Struct. Eng, 2000, 126 ASCE(6): 684-691..
[20] Inoue, Shoichi, Nishibayashi. Fatigue Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Carbon-Fiber-reinforced Plastic Plate[J]. Journal of the Society of Materials Science, 1994, 43(491): 1004～1009.
[21] Gentile C, Rizkalla S Flexural Strengthening of Timber Beams Using FRP, Technical Rep, ISIS Canada, Univ, of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: 1999.
[22] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Characteristics of FRP Rods as NSM Reinforcement[J], ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2001, 5(2): 114～121.
[23] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Bond between NSM Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rods and Concrete in Structural Strengthening, ACI Structural Journal, 2002, 99(2): 123～132.
[24] De Lorenzis L, Rizzo A, La Tegola A: A Modified Pull-out Test for Bond of Near-Surface Mounted FRP Rods in Concrete, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2002, 33(8): 589～603.
[25] De Lorenzis L: Anchorage Length of Near-Surface Mounted Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rods for Concrete Strengthening-Analytical Modeling, ACI Structural Journal, 2004, 101(3): 375～386.
[26] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Design Procedure of NSM FRP Reinforced for Strengenthing of RC Beams, Proceedings of the Sixrth International Sympsium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Singapore: 2003, 1455～1464.
[27] Blaschko M: Bond Behaviour of CFRP Strips Glued into Silts, Proceedings of the Sixth International Sympsium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Singapore: 2003, 205～214.
[28] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Inivestigation of Bond in Concrete Structures Strengthened with Near-SurfaceMountedCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips, ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2003, 7(3): 248～257.
[29] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Flexural Strengthening of Prestressed Bridge Slabs with FRP Systems, PCI Journal, 2002, 47: 76～93.
[30] Rizkalla S, Hassan T: Effectiveness of FRP for Strengthening Concrete Bridges, Journal of Structural Engineering International, 2002, 3: 89～95.
[31] Cruz J S, Barros J: Modeling Bond between Near-Surface Mounted CFRP Laminate Strips oncrete, Computers & Structures, 2004, 82: 1513～1521.
[32] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Flexural Strengthening of Prestressed Bridge Slabs with FRP Systems, PCI Journal, 2002, 47: 76～93.
[33] Rizkalla S, Hassan T: Effectiveness of FRP for Strengthening Concrete Bridges, Journal of Structural Engineering International, 2002, 3: 89～95.
[34] Carolin A Nordin H, Taljsten B, Concrete: Beams Strengthened with Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement of CFRP, Proceedings of the International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, HongKong: 2001, 1059-1066.
[35] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Inivestigation of Bond in Concrete Structures Strengthened with Near-SurfaceMountedCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips, ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2003, 7(3): 248～257.
[36] 岳清瑞．我国碳纤维(CFRP)加固修复技术研究应用现状与展望[J]．工业建筑，2000，30(10)：23-26．
[37] 王东，赵颖华，陆靖．碳纤维增强聚合物加固混凝土结构的发展综述[J]．沈阳建筑工程学院学报，2001，17(2)：103～107．
[38] 叶列平 碳纤维布加固混凝土构件正截面受弯承载力分析[J]．建筑结构，2001，31(3)：3-12．
[39] 胡孔国、陈小兵、岳清瑞、李荣 考虑二次受力碳纤维布加固混凝土构件正截面承载力计算[J]．建筑结构，2000，31(7)：63～65．
[40] 赵海东，赵鸣，张誉．碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土圆柱的轴心受压试验研究[J]．建筑结构，2000，30(7)：26～30．
[41] 吕志涛，新世纪混凝土结构对新材料的挑战[C]．中国纤维增强塑料(FRP)混凝土结构学术交流会，中国 北京 2000，6．
[42] CECS146：2003 碳纤维片材加固混凝土结构技术规程[S]．中国工程建设标准化协会．2003．3．
[43] 李荣，滕锦光，岳清瑞．FRP材料加固混凝土结构应用的新领域——嵌入式(NSM)加固法[J]．工业建筑 2004，34(4)：5-10．
[44] GB50010-2002混凝土结构设计规范[S]．中国建筑工业出版社．2002．
[45] 岳清瑞，李庆伟，杨勇新．纤维增强复合材料嵌入式加固技术[J]．工业建筑 2004，34(4)：1-4
[46] 王滋军，刘伟庆 考虑二次受力的碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的试验研究[J]．工业建筑，2004，34(7)：85-87．
[47] 黄慧明 粘贴碳纤维片材加固钢筋混凝土梁正截面承载力试验研究[J]．湖南大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，28(3)：121-126．
[48] 魏文辉 CFRP加固混凝土构件二次受力有限元分析[J]．武汉理工大学学报，2003，25(9)：43-45．
[49] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1998，554～556
[50] ANSYS Element Reference, Electronic Release, SAS IP, Inc., 1998.
[51] 周朝阳，向传佳，贺学军．内嵌FRP加固混凝土梁试验研究报告．中南大学，2005，3．
[52] 朱晓旭．混凝土表层嵌贴CFRP板粘结性能试验研究及理论分析[D]。浙江大学学位论文，2006，3．
[53] 王传志，藤智明．钢筋混凝土结构理论．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1985，277～282
[2] Saadatmanesh H,Ehsani M R. RC Beams Strengthened with GFRP Plates Ⅰ: Experimental study[J] J. of Structural Engineering, 1991,117 ASCE(11): 3417-3433.
[3] Saadatmanesh H, Malek A M. Design Guidelines for Flexural Strengthening of RC Beams with FRP Plates[J].J. of Composites for Construction, 1998,2(4): 158-164.
[4] Chaallal O, Nollet M J, Perraton D. Strengthening of Reinforced concrete Beams with Externally Bonded Fiber-reinforced-plastic Plates: Design Guidelines for Shear and Flexure[J]. Can. J. Civ. Eng.,1998,25(4):692-704.
[5] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Near Surface Mounted FRP. ACI Stmctural Journal Technical Paper, 2001, 98(1): 60～68。
[6] Asp Lund S O. Strengthing Bridge Slabs with Grouted Reinforcement Journal of American Concrete Institute, 1949, 20(6): 397～406.
[7] Barnes, Richard Andrew, Geoffrey Charles. Fatigue Performance of Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Plates[J]. Journal of Composites for Construction, 1999,3(2):63～72.。
[8] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Inivestigation of Bond in Concrete Structures Strengthened with Near-SurfaceMountedCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips, ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2003, 7 (3): 248～257.
[9] De lorenzis,A Nanni,A La TegolaBond of Near Surface Mounted FRP Rods in concrete Masonry Units. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Composites Engineering (ICCE/7), Denver Colorado: 2000.
[10] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Characteristics of FRP Rods as NSM Reinforcement, ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2001, 5(2): 114～121.
[11] Hakan NORDIN. Fiber Reinforced Polymer in Civil Engineering. Ph D Thesis. department of Civil and Mining Engineering Division of Structure at Engineering. 2003, 90-143.
[12] Alkhrdaji T, Nanni A, ChenG, et al, Upgrading thetransportation infrastructure: Solid RC DecksStrengthened with FRP, concrete International, American Concrete Institute, 1999, 21(10): 37～41
[13] Hongue T, Comforth R C, Nanni A, Myriad Convention Center Floor System Renforcement. Proceedings of the FRPRCS-4, 1999, 1 145-1 161.
[14] Nanni A, Carbon Fibers in Civil Structure; Rehabilitation and New Construction, Proc The Global Outlook for Carbon Fiber, Intertech, San Aatonio, Texas: 2000.
[15] Tumialan G, Tinazzi D, Myers J, et al, Field Evaluation of Masonry Walls Strengthened with FRP Composites at the Malcolm Bliss Hospital. Report CIES 99-8, Univ, of Misssouri-Rolla, MO, 1999.
[16] Nitereka C, Neale K W. Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Flexure with Composite Laminates[J]. Carl J. Civ. Eng., 1999, 26(4): 646-654.
[17] Nanni A, Carbon FRP Strengthening; New Technology Becomes Mainstream, Concrete Intertional; Design and Construction, 1997, 19(6): 19-23。
[18] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A, A La Tegola. Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structure with Near Surfaced Mounted FRP Rods. International Meeting on Composite Materials, Intaly: 2000.
[19] Mahmoud T E, Joseph W T. Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Flexure with FRP Laminates[J]. J. Struct. Eng, 2000, 126 ASCE(6): 684-691..
[20] Inoue, Shoichi, Nishibayashi. Fatigue Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Carbon-Fiber-reinforced Plastic Plate[J]. Journal of the Society of Materials Science, 1994, 43(491): 1004～1009.
[21] Gentile C, Rizkalla S Flexural Strengthening of Timber Beams Using FRP, Technical Rep, ISIS Canada, Univ, of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: 1999.
[22] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Characteristics of FRP Rods as NSM Reinforcement[J], ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2001, 5(2): 114～121.
[23] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Bond between NSM Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rods and Concrete in Structural Strengthening, ACI Structural Journal, 2002, 99(2): 123～132.
[24] De Lorenzis L, Rizzo A, La Tegola A: A Modified Pull-out Test for Bond of Near-Surface Mounted FRP Rods in Concrete, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2002, 33(8): 589～603.
[25] De Lorenzis L: Anchorage Length of Near-Surface Mounted Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rods for Concrete Strengthening-Analytical Modeling, ACI Structural Journal, 2004, 101(3): 375～386.
[26] De Lorenzis L, Nanni A: Design Procedure of NSM FRP Reinforced for Strengenthing of RC Beams, Proceedings of the Sixrth International Sympsium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Singapore: 2003, 1455～1464.
[27] Blaschko M: Bond Behaviour of CFRP Strips Glued into Silts, Proceedings of the Sixth International Sympsium on FRP Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, Singapore: 2003, 205～214.
[28] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Inivestigation of Bond in Concrete Structures Strengthened with Near-SurfaceMountedCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips, ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2003, 7(3): 248～257.
[29] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Flexural Strengthening of Prestressed Bridge Slabs with FRP Systems, PCI Journal, 2002, 47: 76～93.
[30] Rizkalla S, Hassan T: Effectiveness of FRP for Strengthening Concrete Bridges, Journal of Structural Engineering International, 2002, 3: 89～95.
[31] Cruz J S, Barros J: Modeling Bond between Near-Surface Mounted CFRP Laminate Strips oncrete, Computers & Structures, 2004, 82: 1513～1521.
[32] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Flexural Strengthening of Prestressed Bridge Slabs with FRP Systems, PCI Journal, 2002, 47: 76～93.
[33] Rizkalla S, Hassan T: Effectiveness of FRP for Strengthening Concrete Bridges, Journal of Structural Engineering International, 2002, 3: 89～95.
[34] Carolin A Nordin H, Taljsten B, Concrete: Beams Strengthened with Near Surface Mounted Reinforcement of CFRP, Proceedings of the International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, HongKong: 2001, 1059-1066.
[35] Hassan T, Rizkalla S: Inivestigation of Bond in Concrete Structures Strengthened with Near-SurfaceMountedCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips, ASCE Journal of Composites Construction, 2003, 7(3): 248～257.
[36] 岳清瑞．我国碳纤维(CFRP)加固修复技术研究应用现状与展望[J]．工业建筑，2000，30(10)：23-26．
[37] 王东，赵颖华，陆靖．碳纤维增强聚合物加固混凝土结构的发展综述[J]．沈阳建筑工程学院学报，2001，17(2)：103～107．
[38] 叶列平 碳纤维布加固混凝土构件正截面受弯承载力分析[J]．建筑结构，2001，31(3)：3-12．
[39] 胡孔国、陈小兵、岳清瑞、李荣 考虑二次受力碳纤维布加固混凝土构件正截面承载力计算[J]．建筑结构，2000，31(7)：63～65．
[40] 赵海东，赵鸣，张誉．碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土圆柱的轴心受压试验研究[J]．建筑结构，2000，30(7)：26～30．
[41] 吕志涛，新世纪混凝土结构对新材料的挑战[C]．中国纤维增强塑料(FRP)混凝土结构学术交流会，中国 北京 2000，6．
[42] CECS146：2003 碳纤维片材加固混凝土结构技术规程[S]．中国工程建设标准化协会．2003．3．
[43] 李荣，滕锦光，岳清瑞．FRP材料加固混凝土结构应用的新领域——嵌入式(NSM)加固法[J]．工业建筑 2004，34(4)：5-10．
[44] GB50010-2002混凝土结构设计规范[S]．中国建筑工业出版社．2002．
[45] 岳清瑞，李庆伟，杨勇新．纤维增强复合材料嵌入式加固技术[J]．工业建筑 2004，34(4)：1-4
[46] 王滋军，刘伟庆 考虑二次受力的碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的试验研究[J]．工业建筑，2004，34(7)：85-87．
[47] 黄慧明 粘贴碳纤维片材加固钢筋混凝土梁正截面承载力试验研究[J]．湖南大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，28(3)：121-126．
[48] 魏文辉 CFRP加固混凝土构件二次受力有限元分析[J]．武汉理工大学学报，2003，25(9)：43-45．
[49] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．北京：中国水利水电出版社，1998，554～556
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[51] 周朝阳，向传佳，贺学军．内嵌FRP加固混凝土梁试验研究报告．中南大学，2005，3．
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