养猪场粪便中重金属含量及其对土壤
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摘要
本文以南昌市郊区三个规模化养猪场(分别位于幽兰镇、生米镇和厚田乡)为研究对象,针对猪饲料-猪粪-土壤-蔬菜体系,实验测量其重金属含量(Cu、Zn, Mn, Ni、Cr, Cd和Pb),运用Excel和SPSS等软件进行图表的绘制和数据的统计分析,分析、讨论饲料-猪粪、猪粪-土壤以及土壤-蔬菜间的相关性关系,探讨蔬菜可食部分和不可食部分对土壤中重金属的吸收富集情况以及各种重金属在浅层土壤和20～40cm深度土层土壤中的含量情况,并根据相关标准对其污染状况进行评价。
(1)猪饲料重金属检测结果表明,每个采样点均有约一半的猪饲料样品重金属含量超标,其中幼猪料超标现象较明显,可能主要与该生长期的猪需要大量的营养元素有关。
(2)猪粪重金属检测结果表明,猪粪中各种重金属含量和与其相对应的猪饲料中各重金属含量,Cu-Cu、Zn-Zn、Mn-Mn、Ni-Ni、Cr-Cr、Cd-Cd和Pb-Pb,均有一定的相关性,其中Cu-Cu和Zn-Zn表现为显著性差异。
(3)土壤重金属检测结果,根据单因子污染指数结果,2#养猪场受污染最严重,其土壤中的Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd和Pb在三个养猪场的结果中均为最大值。综合污染指数结果显示,约1/3的蔬菜根部土壤处于安全、尚清洁和轻度污染等级,其他2/3的土壤已受到中度及重污染。
(4)蔬菜重金属检测结果表明,各蔬菜重金属含量最高的依次是Zn、Mn和Cu, Ni、Cr、Cd和Pb含量都较接近且都较低。同一蔬菜的不同部位重金属含量各不相同,且与该种蔬菜根部土壤中重金属全量及有效态重金属含量的相关性也各不相同,分别表现为显著性的差异、一般显著性的差异和一般性关系。
(5)20-40cm土层土壤中重金属各形态平均含量中只有Mn的主要赋存形态是铁锰氧化物结合态,Cu, Zn, Ni、Cr、Cd和Pb的主要赋存形态都是残渣态,其中Mn元素的潜在危害性最大,其次是Cu, Cr和Pb, Zn的潜在危害性最小。七种重金属元素的铁锰氧化物结合态的潜在危害性都是最大的,碳酸盐结合态的潜在危害性都是最小的。与浅层土壤相比较,20～40cm土层土壤中Zn、Cd和Pb的含量稍微高一点,而Cu, Mn, Ni和Cr在浅层土壤中的含量显著的更高。
With the three scale pig farms in Nanchang suburb(each located at Youlan town, Shengmi town and Houtian village) as the research object, experiments has been done to measure heavy metal content (Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Gr、Cd and Pb) based on the system of Pannage, Pig excrement, Soil, Vegetables. Excel and SPSS and other software have been used for drawing charts and data analysis to analysis and discuss the related relationship between Pannage-Pig excrement, Pig excrement-Soil and Soil-Vegetables, investigate the heavy metal absorption situation of edible parts and inedible parts in vegetable and the content situation of all kinds of heavy metal in shallow soil and 20-40cm depth of soil. The evaluation of pollution situation has been done according to related standard.
(1)Heavy metal analysis result in pannage is shown that for each sample points, the heavy metal content exceeded in around half of pannage. It happens obviously in cub-pig fodder. It is possibly because pigs need lots of nutrient element in growing period.
(2) Heavy metal analysis result in Pig excrement is shown that there is certain correlation between heavy metal content in pig excrement and heavy metal content in corresponding pig fodder, Cu-Cu、Zn-Zn、Mn-Mn、Ni-Ni、Cr-Cr、Cd-Cd and Pb-Pb, which have obviously discrepancy in Cu-Cu and Zn-Zn.
(3) Heavy metal analysis result in soil is shown that 2#pig farm has been polluted worst. The contents of Cu、Mn、Cr、Cd and Pb in soil are maximum among the three pig farm. Comprehensive pollution index show that around 1/3 vegetable root soil are in safety, clean, slight pollution grade and the other 2/3 soil are in middle and heavy pollution grade.
(4) Heavy metal analysis result in vegetable is shown that the highest content of vegetable heavy metal is Zn、Mn and Cu in turn, the content of Ni、Cr、Cd and Pb are similar and lower. The different parts of the same vegetable have different heavy metal contents, and it is also different with correlation of the total connection of heavy metals and available heavy metals content in this vegetable root soil, each is shown as obviously discrepancy, normal obviously discrepancy and normal correlation.
(5) In the average content of each heavy metal form of 20-40cm depth soil, only Mn's mainly combined form is Fe-Mn oxide. Cu、Zn、Ni、Gr、Cd and Pb's mainly combined forms are all residual state. Mn has the most potential hazardous, Cu、Cr and Pb are followed, Zn's potential hazardous is least. The potential hazardous of seven kinds of heavy metal element in Fe-Mn oxide combined form are largest, the potential hazardous of carbonate combined form is least. Comparing with shallow soil, the content of Zn、Cd and Pb in 20-40cm depth soil is a little higher, but the content of Cu、Mn、Ni and Cr in shallow soil is obviously higher.
(1)猪饲料重金属检测结果表明,每个采样点均有约一半的猪饲料样品重金属含量超标,其中幼猪料超标现象较明显,可能主要与该生长期的猪需要大量的营养元素有关。
(2)猪粪重金属检测结果表明,猪粪中各种重金属含量和与其相对应的猪饲料中各重金属含量,Cu-Cu、Zn-Zn、Mn-Mn、Ni-Ni、Cr-Cr、Cd-Cd和Pb-Pb,均有一定的相关性,其中Cu-Cu和Zn-Zn表现为显著性差异。
(3)土壤重金属检测结果,根据单因子污染指数结果,2#养猪场受污染最严重,其土壤中的Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd和Pb在三个养猪场的结果中均为最大值。综合污染指数结果显示,约1/3的蔬菜根部土壤处于安全、尚清洁和轻度污染等级,其他2/3的土壤已受到中度及重污染。
(4)蔬菜重金属检测结果表明,各蔬菜重金属含量最高的依次是Zn、Mn和Cu, Ni、Cr、Cd和Pb含量都较接近且都较低。同一蔬菜的不同部位重金属含量各不相同,且与该种蔬菜根部土壤中重金属全量及有效态重金属含量的相关性也各不相同,分别表现为显著性的差异、一般显著性的差异和一般性关系。
(5)20-40cm土层土壤中重金属各形态平均含量中只有Mn的主要赋存形态是铁锰氧化物结合态,Cu, Zn, Ni、Cr、Cd和Pb的主要赋存形态都是残渣态,其中Mn元素的潜在危害性最大,其次是Cu, Cr和Pb, Zn的潜在危害性最小。七种重金属元素的铁锰氧化物结合态的潜在危害性都是最大的,碳酸盐结合态的潜在危害性都是最小的。与浅层土壤相比较,20～40cm土层土壤中Zn、Cd和Pb的含量稍微高一点,而Cu, Mn, Ni和Cr在浅层土壤中的含量显著的更高。
With the three scale pig farms in Nanchang suburb(each located at Youlan town, Shengmi town and Houtian village) as the research object, experiments has been done to measure heavy metal content (Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni、Gr、Cd and Pb) based on the system of Pannage, Pig excrement, Soil, Vegetables. Excel and SPSS and other software have been used for drawing charts and data analysis to analysis and discuss the related relationship between Pannage-Pig excrement, Pig excrement-Soil and Soil-Vegetables, investigate the heavy metal absorption situation of edible parts and inedible parts in vegetable and the content situation of all kinds of heavy metal in shallow soil and 20-40cm depth of soil. The evaluation of pollution situation has been done according to related standard.
(1)Heavy metal analysis result in pannage is shown that for each sample points, the heavy metal content exceeded in around half of pannage. It happens obviously in cub-pig fodder. It is possibly because pigs need lots of nutrient element in growing period.
(2) Heavy metal analysis result in Pig excrement is shown that there is certain correlation between heavy metal content in pig excrement and heavy metal content in corresponding pig fodder, Cu-Cu、Zn-Zn、Mn-Mn、Ni-Ni、Cr-Cr、Cd-Cd and Pb-Pb, which have obviously discrepancy in Cu-Cu and Zn-Zn.
(3) Heavy metal analysis result in soil is shown that 2#pig farm has been polluted worst. The contents of Cu、Mn、Cr、Cd and Pb in soil are maximum among the three pig farm. Comprehensive pollution index show that around 1/3 vegetable root soil are in safety, clean, slight pollution grade and the other 2/3 soil are in middle and heavy pollution grade.
(4) Heavy metal analysis result in vegetable is shown that the highest content of vegetable heavy metal is Zn、Mn and Cu in turn, the content of Ni、Cr、Cd and Pb are similar and lower. The different parts of the same vegetable have different heavy metal contents, and it is also different with correlation of the total connection of heavy metals and available heavy metals content in this vegetable root soil, each is shown as obviously discrepancy, normal obviously discrepancy and normal correlation.
(5) In the average content of each heavy metal form of 20-40cm depth soil, only Mn's mainly combined form is Fe-Mn oxide. Cu、Zn、Ni、Gr、Cd and Pb's mainly combined forms are all residual state. Mn has the most potential hazardous, Cu、Cr and Pb are followed, Zn's potential hazardous is least. The potential hazardous of seven kinds of heavy metal element in Fe-Mn oxide combined form are largest, the potential hazardous of carbonate combined form is least. Comparing with shallow soil, the content of Zn、Cd and Pb in 20-40cm depth soil is a little higher, but the content of Cu、Mn、Ni and Cr in shallow soil is obviously higher.
引文
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