球形棕囊藻对几种海洋生物的毒性效应研究
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摘要
目的：球形棕囊藻(Phaeoecystis globosa)是一种常见的有毒赤潮藻，其产生的溶血毒素可能是造成海洋生物死亡的主要原因，但也可能存在其他致毒途径。本文研究球形棕囊藻对不同层次海洋生物的毒性，以期为阐明球形棕囊藻赤潮对海洋生物的影响和危害途径，全面认识和评价棕囊藻赤潮的危害提供参考和依据。
方法：利用薄层层析法分析球形棕囊藻合成的溶血毒素组分，倒置显微镜下观察毒素对兔血红细胞的溶血作用；利用室内半静水法研究球形棕囊藻藻液、藻细胞不同组分及其溶血毒素提取物对卤虫(Artemia sinica)、褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)、蒙古裸腹溞(Moina mongolica)、赤点石斑鱼幼鱼(Epinephelus akaara)、尖吻鲈幼鱼(Lates calcarifer)和南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)的影响和致毒途径。
结果：实验室培养的球形棕囊藻合成的毒素与野生球形棕囊藻的毒素组分稍有差别，至少含有4个溶血组分。R，分别为：R_(f1)=0.73，R_(f2)=0.39，R_(f3)=0.14，R_(f4)=0.04。它们的溶血活性大小分别为：组分1活性为7.7U·L~(-1)，组分2活性未能测出，组分3活性为4.3U·L~(-1)，组分4活性为7.1U·L~(-1)。
球形棕囊藻对六种实验生物的研究表明：(1)球形棕囊藻培养物对赤点石斑鱼幼鱼和南美白对虾有显著致死影响(P＜0.05)，对卤虫与褶皱臂尾轮虫可抑制其运动，对蒙古裸腹溞和尖吻鲈稚鱼无显著影响(P＞0.05)。(2)球形棕囊藻藻细胞悬浮液可卤虫和褶皱臂尾轮虫同样有抑制运动的作用，并且解剖镜下可观察到虫体消化道中充满藻细胞，这表明浮游动物摄食有害藻类可能是致毒途径之一。(3)去藻过滤液对未能摄食的赤点石斑鱼幼鱼有致死影响，但石斑鱼幼鱼主要依靠卵黄提供营养，这提示通过分泌有害物质进入周围水体而产生毒性可能是另一致毒途径。(4)藻细胞内容物对赤点石斑鱼幼鱼与南美白对虾幼体有致死影响，而碎片组无影响，表明球形棕囊藻的毒性来源于藻细胞内部。
结论：球形棕囊藻合成的毒素中，至少含4个组分，其中组分1和组分4活
Objective: Phaeocystis as a harmful species could produce hemolytic toxin. Nowadays it was well known believed that the hemolytic toxin synthesized by many harmful algae might be responsible for the poison of marine organism. In this paper, the toxicity of Phaeocystis globosa on six marine organisms, Artemia sinica, Brachionus plicatilis, Moina mongolica, Epinephelus akaara, Lates calcarifer and Penaeus vannamei, were assessed and the toxic mechanism were discussed to provide the useful information on the ecological toxicity of P. globosa.
Methods: The components of the hemolytic toxin from P. globosa in laboratory were analyzed by TLC and spraying a suspension of red blood cells (RBCs). The hemolytic activity was observed under a CKX41 inverted microscope. The toxic effects of the different components from P. globosa on Artemia sinica, Brachionus plicatilis, Moina mongolica, Epinephelus akaara, Lates calcarifer and Penaeus vannamei were assessed in the lab by semi-static water experimental method.
Results: There were at least 4 components in the hemolytic toxin from P. globosa cultures in laboratory, which was slightly different from that of the wild P. globosa cells. Their Rf value was 0.73 (Ⅰ), 0.39 (Ⅱ), 0.14 (Ⅲ), 0.04 (Ⅳ) respectively and their hemolytic activity of component Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, was 7.7,0,4.3,7 respectively.
The results of toxicity test of P. globosa on the six kinds of marine organism were as follow: (1) Live P. globosa could affect the survival of larval Epinephelus akaara and Penaeus vannamei, whereas inhibit the motility of Artemia sinica or Brachionus plicatilis. (2) The re-suspended cells of P. globosa could inhibit the motility of Artemia sinica and Brachionus plicatilis. A lot of algal cells were found in their alimentary canal. This suggested that algal cells might have toxic effect on the zooplankton through alimentary canal. (3) The cell-free filtrate could affect the survival of larval Epinephelus akaara. However, the survival of larval fish was mainly dependent on yelk
方法：利用薄层层析法分析球形棕囊藻合成的溶血毒素组分，倒置显微镜下观察毒素对兔血红细胞的溶血作用；利用室内半静水法研究球形棕囊藻藻液、藻细胞不同组分及其溶血毒素提取物对卤虫(Artemia sinica)、褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)、蒙古裸腹溞(Moina mongolica)、赤点石斑鱼幼鱼(Epinephelus akaara)、尖吻鲈幼鱼(Lates calcarifer)和南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)的影响和致毒途径。
结果：实验室培养的球形棕囊藻合成的毒素与野生球形棕囊藻的毒素组分稍有差别，至少含有4个溶血组分。R，分别为：R_(f1)=0.73，R_(f2)=0.39，R_(f3)=0.14，R_(f4)=0.04。它们的溶血活性大小分别为：组分1活性为7.7U·L~(-1)，组分2活性未能测出，组分3活性为4.3U·L~(-1)，组分4活性为7.1U·L~(-1)。
球形棕囊藻对六种实验生物的研究表明：(1)球形棕囊藻培养物对赤点石斑鱼幼鱼和南美白对虾有显著致死影响(P＜0.05)，对卤虫与褶皱臂尾轮虫可抑制其运动，对蒙古裸腹溞和尖吻鲈稚鱼无显著影响(P＞0.05)。(2)球形棕囊藻藻细胞悬浮液可卤虫和褶皱臂尾轮虫同样有抑制运动的作用，并且解剖镜下可观察到虫体消化道中充满藻细胞，这表明浮游动物摄食有害藻类可能是致毒途径之一。(3)去藻过滤液对未能摄食的赤点石斑鱼幼鱼有致死影响，但石斑鱼幼鱼主要依靠卵黄提供营养，这提示通过分泌有害物质进入周围水体而产生毒性可能是另一致毒途径。(4)藻细胞内容物对赤点石斑鱼幼鱼与南美白对虾幼体有致死影响，而碎片组无影响，表明球形棕囊藻的毒性来源于藻细胞内部。
结论：球形棕囊藻合成的毒素中，至少含4个组分，其中组分1和组分4活
Objective: Phaeocystis as a harmful species could produce hemolytic toxin. Nowadays it was well known believed that the hemolytic toxin synthesized by many harmful algae might be responsible for the poison of marine organism. In this paper, the toxicity of Phaeocystis globosa on six marine organisms, Artemia sinica, Brachionus plicatilis, Moina mongolica, Epinephelus akaara, Lates calcarifer and Penaeus vannamei, were assessed and the toxic mechanism were discussed to provide the useful information on the ecological toxicity of P. globosa.
Methods: The components of the hemolytic toxin from P. globosa in laboratory were analyzed by TLC and spraying a suspension of red blood cells (RBCs). The hemolytic activity was observed under a CKX41 inverted microscope. The toxic effects of the different components from P. globosa on Artemia sinica, Brachionus plicatilis, Moina mongolica, Epinephelus akaara, Lates calcarifer and Penaeus vannamei were assessed in the lab by semi-static water experimental method.
Results: There were at least 4 components in the hemolytic toxin from P. globosa cultures in laboratory, which was slightly different from that of the wild P. globosa cells. Their Rf value was 0.73 (Ⅰ), 0.39 (Ⅱ), 0.14 (Ⅲ), 0.04 (Ⅳ) respectively and their hemolytic activity of component Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, was 7.7,0,4.3,7 respectively.
The results of toxicity test of P. globosa on the six kinds of marine organism were as follow: (1) Live P. globosa could affect the survival of larval Epinephelus akaara and Penaeus vannamei, whereas inhibit the motility of Artemia sinica or Brachionus plicatilis. (2) The re-suspended cells of P. globosa could inhibit the motility of Artemia sinica and Brachionus plicatilis. A lot of algal cells were found in their alimentary canal. This suggested that algal cells might have toxic effect on the zooplankton through alimentary canal. (3) The cell-free filtrate could affect the survival of larval Epinephelus akaara. However, the survival of larval fish was mainly dependent on yelk
引文
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