铋基复合氧化物微纳米材料的制备及性能研究
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摘要
纳米材料被誉为“二十一世纪最有前途的材料”,对纳米材料的研究如今已经发展成为一门包括物理学、化学、材料科学以及生命科学等多学科交叉的科学。由于纳米材料在环境、能源、信息技术、生物技术、军事装备、航空航天等方面的潜在应用前景,近年来有关纳米材料的制备及表征已成为科学领域的研究热点之一。在纳米领域发现新现象,认识新规律,提出新概念,建立新理论,为构筑纳米材料科学体系新框架奠定了基础,也极大丰富了纳米科学的研究内涵。本论文以铋基复合氧化物纳米材料为研究对象,通过合成工艺设计,制备了三种形貌各异的铋基复合氧化物纳米材料,并对其形成机理、光学性能以及光催化性能进行了系统的研究,主要工作包括以下几个方面：
(1)首次采用水热法制备了花状Bi2SiO5纳米材料,利用XRD, SEM, TEM和FT-IR对Bi2SiO5纳米材料的晶体结构、颗粒形貌和化学组成进行了表征,通过分析不同时间段获得的Bi2SiO5产品的形貌,得出了其“成核-溶解-再结晶”的生长机理,测试了材料的PL发光光谱,并对其发光机理展开了讨论。
(2)采用水热法制备了空心球、花状等不同形貌Bi2WO6纳米晶体,利用XRD,SEM, TEM和BET对Bi2WO6纳米材料的晶体结构、颗粒形貌和比表面积进行了表征,结果显示Bi2WO6纳米空心球拥有超高的比表面积(45.0 m2／g),并以罗丹明B (RhB)溶液为目标降解物模拟污染源,研究了不同形貌Bi2WO6纳米晶体的光催化性能,结果表明空心球结构Bi2WO6纳米材料有较高的催化效率。
(3)首次采用水热法合成了巢状铬酸铋纳米晶,利用XRD, SEM, TEM等方法对Bi16CrO27纳米材料的晶体结构、颗粒形貌等性质进行了表征,考察了不同试验条件对样品形貌的影响,得出了其“成核-定向生长-自组装-熟化”的生长机理,并研究了不同温度煅烧下的Bi16CrO27纳米晶的光激发光性能,结果表明材料的发光强度与煅烧温度成正比。
Nanomaterials are known as'the most promising material of the 21 century'. The research of nanomaterials has now developed into an interdisciplinary science including physics, chemistry, materials science and life science. Owing to it's potential applications in the environmental science, energy, information technology, biotechnology, military, aerospace and other aspect, nanomaterials has attracted more and more attentions in the material research field. Discovering the new phenomena, understanding the new laws, making the new concepts and establishing the new theories in the field of nanotechnology has not only laid a foundation for establishing the scientific system of nanomaterials, but also greatly enriched the content of nanoscience research. This paper studies the Bi-based composite oxide nanomaterials. We have prepared three kinds of Bi-based composite oxide nanomaterials with different morphologies through the synthesis process designing, and systematically studied their formation mechanisms, optical properties and photocatalytic properties. The main contents and major results are given as follows:
(1) Successfully synthesized the flower-like Bi2SiO5(BSO) nanomaterials via a hydrothermal route for the first time. The obtained products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that the nucleation and growth of the flowerlike nanostructures were dominated by a'nucleation-dissolution-recrystallization' growth mechanism. We also tested the room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of BSO nanoflowers and discussed their luminescence mechanisms.
(2) Hollow sphere-like and flower-like Bi2WO6 nanocrystals have been successfully prepared by a hydrothermal route. The obtained products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The ultrahigh BET specific surface area of ca.45.0 m2/g is displayed for the Bi2WO6 hierarchical hollow spheres, which is much higher than that for all the previously reported Bi2WO6 products. Rhodamine B (RhB) was selected as a representative pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency of catalysts; it is shown that the Bi2WO6 hierarchical hollow spheres exhibit an excellent photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of RhB under visible light irridiation.
(3) Nest-like Bi16CrO27 nanomaterials have been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route for the first time. The obtained products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was demonstrated that the concentrations of PVP and CH3COOH play important roles in the formation of the as-prepared nanonests. The results indicated that the nucleation and growth of the nestlike nanostructures were dominated by a'nucleation-growth-assembly-ripening'growth mechanism. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the nest-like Bii6CrO27 nanomaterials calcined at different temperature were also recorded. The results indicated that the luminous intensity is directly proportional to the calcined temperature.
(1)首次采用水热法制备了花状Bi2SiO5纳米材料,利用XRD, SEM, TEM和FT-IR对Bi2SiO5纳米材料的晶体结构、颗粒形貌和化学组成进行了表征,通过分析不同时间段获得的Bi2SiO5产品的形貌,得出了其“成核-溶解-再结晶”的生长机理,测试了材料的PL发光光谱,并对其发光机理展开了讨论。
(2)采用水热法制备了空心球、花状等不同形貌Bi2WO6纳米晶体,利用XRD,SEM, TEM和BET对Bi2WO6纳米材料的晶体结构、颗粒形貌和比表面积进行了表征,结果显示Bi2WO6纳米空心球拥有超高的比表面积(45.0 m2／g),并以罗丹明B (RhB)溶液为目标降解物模拟污染源,研究了不同形貌Bi2WO6纳米晶体的光催化性能,结果表明空心球结构Bi2WO6纳米材料有较高的催化效率。
(3)首次采用水热法合成了巢状铬酸铋纳米晶,利用XRD, SEM, TEM等方法对Bi16CrO27纳米材料的晶体结构、颗粒形貌等性质进行了表征,考察了不同试验条件对样品形貌的影响,得出了其“成核-定向生长-自组装-熟化”的生长机理,并研究了不同温度煅烧下的Bi16CrO27纳米晶的光激发光性能,结果表明材料的发光强度与煅烧温度成正比。
Nanomaterials are known as'the most promising material of the 21 century'. The research of nanomaterials has now developed into an interdisciplinary science including physics, chemistry, materials science and life science. Owing to it's potential applications in the environmental science, energy, information technology, biotechnology, military, aerospace and other aspect, nanomaterials has attracted more and more attentions in the material research field. Discovering the new phenomena, understanding the new laws, making the new concepts and establishing the new theories in the field of nanotechnology has not only laid a foundation for establishing the scientific system of nanomaterials, but also greatly enriched the content of nanoscience research. This paper studies the Bi-based composite oxide nanomaterials. We have prepared three kinds of Bi-based composite oxide nanomaterials with different morphologies through the synthesis process designing, and systematically studied their formation mechanisms, optical properties and photocatalytic properties. The main contents and major results are given as follows:
(1) Successfully synthesized the flower-like Bi2SiO5(BSO) nanomaterials via a hydrothermal route for the first time. The obtained products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that the nucleation and growth of the flowerlike nanostructures were dominated by a'nucleation-dissolution-recrystallization' growth mechanism. We also tested the room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of BSO nanoflowers and discussed their luminescence mechanisms.
(2) Hollow sphere-like and flower-like Bi2WO6 nanocrystals have been successfully prepared by a hydrothermal route. The obtained products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The ultrahigh BET specific surface area of ca.45.0 m2/g is displayed for the Bi2WO6 hierarchical hollow spheres, which is much higher than that for all the previously reported Bi2WO6 products. Rhodamine B (RhB) was selected as a representative pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic efficiency of catalysts; it is shown that the Bi2WO6 hierarchical hollow spheres exhibit an excellent photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of RhB under visible light irridiation.
(3) Nest-like Bi16CrO27 nanomaterials have been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route for the first time. The obtained products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was demonstrated that the concentrations of PVP and CH3COOH play important roles in the formation of the as-prepared nanonests. The results indicated that the nucleation and growth of the nestlike nanostructures were dominated by a'nucleation-growth-assembly-ripening'growth mechanism. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the nest-like Bii6CrO27 nanomaterials calcined at different temperature were also recorded. The results indicated that the luminous intensity is directly proportional to the calcined temperature.
引文
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