高校数字图书馆用户接受研究
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摘要
现代信息技术的快速发展和应用推动了传统图书馆向数字图书馆方向的发展。互联网的迅速推广和普及改变了传统信息环境中用户的信息需求和利用习惯,用户驱动着高校图书馆打破物理实体的限制,通过提供数字图书馆服务建立用户与资源的有效连接。高校数字图书馆的建设,将快速提升资源保障能力和服务水平,最大限度地适应用户需求的变化。然而,高校数字图书馆的预期价值最终能否得到实现并不是由投入水平决定的,而取决于用户对其的使用情况。实际上,面对互联网提供的多种快速而直接的信息资源存取途径,用户使用高校数字图书馆的意愿却在不断减弱。了解用户接受或者拒绝使用的具体原因及其作用机制,预测用户的使用行为,从而改进现有高校数字图书馆的功能与服务,提高用户满意度和利用绩效在当前高校数字图书馆发展中具有现实的紧迫性。
引言部分首先对研究背景、研究意义和研究方案进行了分析,进而考察了国内外学者在高校数字图书馆相关领域的研究现状。主要对数字图书馆评价与用户接受行为研究理论两方面的研究做了分析讨论。其中,对数字图书馆评价的分析从具体实践和理论研究两个维度进行。对用户接受行为研究的分析,应用了文献内容分析和引文分析方法,在纵览现有研究成果的基础上,重点对高校数字图书馆领域的理论应用做了分析。通过对现有研究成果的分析讨论,厘清了在高校数字图书馆用户接受领域进行进一步研究的思路,为本文立论提供了理论依据。
接着在对用户接受理论、社会认知理论、创新扩散理论和信息查寻理论等相关理论综合分析的基础上,应用技术接受模型(TAM)的理论和方法,结合我国当前数字图书馆发展的实际,提出了研究高校数字图书馆用户接受的技术接受模型。此模型假设有2个用户接口特征、3个组织环境特征和2个用户个体特征分别影响感知有用性和感知易用性,并通过它们间接对用户使用高校数字图书馆的行为意向产生影响。根据相关研究成果,针对该理论模型中使用的研究变量及其相互关系提出了研究假设,为实证调查提供了研究基础。
基于理论模型和研究假设,对调查问卷中使用的测量指标进行了设计,并对指标来源作了说明。根据实证研究的需要,确定了调查范围和对象。设计了合理的数据分析方法,在确定数据信度、效度可靠的基础上,决定采用结构方程模型对理论模型和研究假设进行验证。依据调查问卷进行抽样调查后得到的数据为下一步的实证分析提供了数据基础。
根据回收的208份有效问卷的数据,首先使用SPSS软件进行数据统计、信度和效度分析,然后应用AMOS软件进行结构方程模型分析。分析结果表明,所使用的调查问卷可靠有效,验证了高校数字图书馆用户接受理论模型的有效性,准确得到了研究假设的验证情况,并通过修正得到了解释效果更为理想的最终模型。
实证结论如下：感知有用性是用户接受高校数字图书馆的决定因素,感知易用性对用户接受高校数字图书馆没有直接影响,但对感知有用性具有显著影响；界面设计和术语词汇使用的优劣只对用户接受高校数字图书馆的感知易用性有影响,并不直接影响感知有用性；提高相关性和系统可及性可以增加高校数字图书馆的感知易用性；相关性与高校数字图书馆的感知有用性正相关；对用户而言,计算机自我效能感和领域知识与高校数字图书馆的感知易用性正相关,其中计算机自我效能的影响更大。应用该模型能准确解释和预测高校数字图书馆的用户行为意向,优化了已有相关研究。
最后,通过对研究结果的深入讨论,得出了高校数字图书馆为提高用户接受水平应在系统功能、服务模式和管理模式等方面采取的具体措施。本研究丰富了数字图书馆和技术接受研究领域的理论成果,后续研究将以此为基础,进一步提高研究的理论与应用价值,并拟采用动态研究方法,从时间维度上进行纵向研究,从而更深刻地揭示用户接受高校数字图书馆的整个过程。
Promoted by rapid development and application of information technology, the traditional libraries are transforming to digital libraries. Popularization of Internet rapidly changes user's information needs and habits in the traditional environment. Driving by users, academic libraries are breaking the restrictions of physical entities to provide effective connections between users and digital resources. Academic digital libraries will rapidly reinforce traditional libraries'abilities of literature resources storage and improve their service performance to meet users'changing needs. However, the expected value of academic digital libraries cannot be judged by money spent, but by the utilization of their users.
In fact, facing variety of quick and direct ways to access to information resources provided by the internet, users have less intent to use digital libraries. It's very urgent for academic digital libraries to know why the users accept or refuse to use and how these happen, so they can improve performance and service to level up user's satisfaction and performances.
This paper first comprehensive analyzed technology acceptance theory, social cognitive theory, innovation diffusion theory and the theory of information seeking, then applied the technology acceptance model and combined with the development of China's digital library, finally a technology acceptance model for users in academic digital libraries is proposed. This model has two user interface characteristics, three organizational context characteristics and two individual characteristics which separately affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, thus indirectly affects users'behavioral intention. According to relevant research results, this paper proposed hypotheses for variables and their relationships in this model, and designed measurements.
The paper then did empirical analysis through sending questionnaires to students of Wuhan University. According to 208 valid questionnaires, the structural equation model analysis was used to verify the theoretical models and research hypothesis, and the final model was made through amendments. Application of the model can accurately explain and predict the behavioral intention of academic digital library users and the result optimized the relevant research at present.
Empirical results show that:perceived usefulness is a determinant of user acceptance of academic digital libraries, while perceived ease of use has no direct impact on behavioral intention, but has significant impact on the perceived usefulness; screen design and terminology only has impact on perceived ease of use, and have no impact on perceived usefulness; improving the relevance and the accessibility can increase perceived ease of use; relevance is positively correlated with perceived usefulness; users'computer self-efficacy and domain knowledge positively affects perceived ease of use, and computer self-efficacy have a greater impact.
The research results of this thesis provide a specific guidance for academic digital libraries to improve system functions, services and management. The research will be the basis for future researches, which will use dynamic research methods to analyze the whole process of user acceptance of academic digital libraries from the dimension of time.
引言部分首先对研究背景、研究意义和研究方案进行了分析,进而考察了国内外学者在高校数字图书馆相关领域的研究现状。主要对数字图书馆评价与用户接受行为研究理论两方面的研究做了分析讨论。其中,对数字图书馆评价的分析从具体实践和理论研究两个维度进行。对用户接受行为研究的分析,应用了文献内容分析和引文分析方法,在纵览现有研究成果的基础上,重点对高校数字图书馆领域的理论应用做了分析。通过对现有研究成果的分析讨论,厘清了在高校数字图书馆用户接受领域进行进一步研究的思路,为本文立论提供了理论依据。
接着在对用户接受理论、社会认知理论、创新扩散理论和信息查寻理论等相关理论综合分析的基础上,应用技术接受模型(TAM)的理论和方法,结合我国当前数字图书馆发展的实际,提出了研究高校数字图书馆用户接受的技术接受模型。此模型假设有2个用户接口特征、3个组织环境特征和2个用户个体特征分别影响感知有用性和感知易用性,并通过它们间接对用户使用高校数字图书馆的行为意向产生影响。根据相关研究成果,针对该理论模型中使用的研究变量及其相互关系提出了研究假设,为实证调查提供了研究基础。
基于理论模型和研究假设,对调查问卷中使用的测量指标进行了设计,并对指标来源作了说明。根据实证研究的需要,确定了调查范围和对象。设计了合理的数据分析方法,在确定数据信度、效度可靠的基础上,决定采用结构方程模型对理论模型和研究假设进行验证。依据调查问卷进行抽样调查后得到的数据为下一步的实证分析提供了数据基础。
根据回收的208份有效问卷的数据,首先使用SPSS软件进行数据统计、信度和效度分析,然后应用AMOS软件进行结构方程模型分析。分析结果表明,所使用的调查问卷可靠有效,验证了高校数字图书馆用户接受理论模型的有效性,准确得到了研究假设的验证情况,并通过修正得到了解释效果更为理想的最终模型。
实证结论如下：感知有用性是用户接受高校数字图书馆的决定因素,感知易用性对用户接受高校数字图书馆没有直接影响,但对感知有用性具有显著影响；界面设计和术语词汇使用的优劣只对用户接受高校数字图书馆的感知易用性有影响,并不直接影响感知有用性；提高相关性和系统可及性可以增加高校数字图书馆的感知易用性；相关性与高校数字图书馆的感知有用性正相关；对用户而言,计算机自我效能感和领域知识与高校数字图书馆的感知易用性正相关,其中计算机自我效能的影响更大。应用该模型能准确解释和预测高校数字图书馆的用户行为意向,优化了已有相关研究。
最后,通过对研究结果的深入讨论,得出了高校数字图书馆为提高用户接受水平应在系统功能、服务模式和管理模式等方面采取的具体措施。本研究丰富了数字图书馆和技术接受研究领域的理论成果,后续研究将以此为基础,进一步提高研究的理论与应用价值,并拟采用动态研究方法,从时间维度上进行纵向研究,从而更深刻地揭示用户接受高校数字图书馆的整个过程。
Promoted by rapid development and application of information technology, the traditional libraries are transforming to digital libraries. Popularization of Internet rapidly changes user's information needs and habits in the traditional environment. Driving by users, academic libraries are breaking the restrictions of physical entities to provide effective connections between users and digital resources. Academic digital libraries will rapidly reinforce traditional libraries'abilities of literature resources storage and improve their service performance to meet users'changing needs. However, the expected value of academic digital libraries cannot be judged by money spent, but by the utilization of their users.
In fact, facing variety of quick and direct ways to access to information resources provided by the internet, users have less intent to use digital libraries. It's very urgent for academic digital libraries to know why the users accept or refuse to use and how these happen, so they can improve performance and service to level up user's satisfaction and performances.
This paper first comprehensive analyzed technology acceptance theory, social cognitive theory, innovation diffusion theory and the theory of information seeking, then applied the technology acceptance model and combined with the development of China's digital library, finally a technology acceptance model for users in academic digital libraries is proposed. This model has two user interface characteristics, three organizational context characteristics and two individual characteristics which separately affects perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, thus indirectly affects users'behavioral intention. According to relevant research results, this paper proposed hypotheses for variables and their relationships in this model, and designed measurements.
The paper then did empirical analysis through sending questionnaires to students of Wuhan University. According to 208 valid questionnaires, the structural equation model analysis was used to verify the theoretical models and research hypothesis, and the final model was made through amendments. Application of the model can accurately explain and predict the behavioral intention of academic digital library users and the result optimized the relevant research at present.
Empirical results show that:perceived usefulness is a determinant of user acceptance of academic digital libraries, while perceived ease of use has no direct impact on behavioral intention, but has significant impact on the perceived usefulness; screen design and terminology only has impact on perceived ease of use, and have no impact on perceived usefulness; improving the relevance and the accessibility can increase perceived ease of use; relevance is positively correlated with perceived usefulness; users'computer self-efficacy and domain knowledge positively affects perceived ease of use, and computer self-efficacy have a greater impact.
The research results of this thesis provide a specific guidance for academic digital libraries to improve system functions, services and management. The research will be the basis for future researches, which will use dynamic research methods to analyze the whole process of user acceptance of academic digital libraries from the dimension of time.
引文
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