兴安矿瓦斯地质规律与瓦斯预测
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摘要
瓦斯是威胁煤矿安全生产的最大灾害源。瓦斯地质研究瓦斯的形成、运移、赋存和瓦斯灾害发生的地质控制作用,是瓦斯防治最重要的基础。
运用瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论,研究了兴安矿地质构造对瓦斯赋存的控制,将兴安矿大量瓦斯资料及实测瓦斯基础参数与矿井地质构造特征相结合,研究矿井瓦斯赋存规律,在此基础上对矿井瓦斯含量、瓦斯涌出量及煤与瓦斯区域突出危险性进行预测。
鹤岗矿区含煤盆地经过燕山后期、喜山期构造运动形成复杂的断裂构造,现今NNW-NW向构造为挤压性质,控制着煤层高瓦斯赋存并有利于瓦斯突出的发生;近SW向和NE、NNE向构造的拉张、裂陷活动有利于瓦斯的大量释放。矿区地层中广泛发育的火山碎屑岩、火山岩及南岭砾岩对煤层瓦斯起封盖作用。岩浆在矿区北部活动强烈,使该区煤变质程度的提高,瓦斯含量增大。
分别分析了地质构造、煤层围岩岩性、岩浆岩分布、煤层埋深及煤厚对瓦斯赋存的影响,通过定性分析和定量的线性回归,得出兴安矿瓦斯地质规律为:整个井田范围内瓦斯含量随埋深的增加而增大,在井田南北边界断裂区瓦斯含量减小,影响其分布的主控因素为煤层埋深和断裂构造。将煤层埋深与相应瓦斯含量进行线性回归,建立瓦斯含量预测模型,对一定范围深度煤层瓦斯含量进行预测;采用分源预测法对回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测。在分析影响兴安矿煤与瓦斯突出因素的基础上,对煤与瓦斯区域突出危险性进行预测。
Gas is the biggest hazard source to the safety production in a coalmine. Gas geology is the most important foundation for prevention and treatment of gas. It studys the formation, transport, storage of gas and geology’s control to gas disaster.
Using tectonic gradual control theory to study Geological structure’s control to gas occurrence. In order to stuy the law of gas occurrence, we need Combine a lot of gas information and measured gas parameters with geological chaaracteris.On the basis to predict gas content,gas emission and coal and gas outburst in mine.
After experiencing Tectonic movement of Yanshan and Himalayan period,Complex faults are formed in Hegang basin. Today the nature of NNW-NW tectonic is compressional It control gas occurrence and facilitate the gas outburst occurs. Near SW,NE and NNE direction structures are extensional.They conductive to release a lot of gas. Pyroclastic rocks, volcanic rocks and Nanling conglomerate are Extensively developped in mining formation. They cover the seam coal. The magma activities Intensly in the northern part ofmining, so that gas content increases with the increase of coal rank.
Analysis the impact of the structure,coal rock lithology,magmatic rock distribution and thickness of coal seam depth on the gas deposit.Through qualitative analysis and quantitative linear regression obtained the gas and geological laws in Xing-an mine:The gas content increase with depth throughout the whole mine. The gas content in North and South boundary fault is lower. The seam depth and structure are controlling factors affecting the distribution of gas. By linear regression the gas content with the depth of the seam,we can establish the predictive model of gas content and predict the gas content within a certain range of depth. Utilizing Sub-source prediction method to predict the Gas Emission in the coal face. On the basis of analysis of coal and gas outburst factors, this paper forecasts the coal and gas outburst dangerous area.
运用瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论,研究了兴安矿地质构造对瓦斯赋存的控制,将兴安矿大量瓦斯资料及实测瓦斯基础参数与矿井地质构造特征相结合,研究矿井瓦斯赋存规律,在此基础上对矿井瓦斯含量、瓦斯涌出量及煤与瓦斯区域突出危险性进行预测。
鹤岗矿区含煤盆地经过燕山后期、喜山期构造运动形成复杂的断裂构造,现今NNW-NW向构造为挤压性质,控制着煤层高瓦斯赋存并有利于瓦斯突出的发生;近SW向和NE、NNE向构造的拉张、裂陷活动有利于瓦斯的大量释放。矿区地层中广泛发育的火山碎屑岩、火山岩及南岭砾岩对煤层瓦斯起封盖作用。岩浆在矿区北部活动强烈,使该区煤变质程度的提高,瓦斯含量增大。
分别分析了地质构造、煤层围岩岩性、岩浆岩分布、煤层埋深及煤厚对瓦斯赋存的影响,通过定性分析和定量的线性回归,得出兴安矿瓦斯地质规律为:整个井田范围内瓦斯含量随埋深的增加而增大,在井田南北边界断裂区瓦斯含量减小,影响其分布的主控因素为煤层埋深和断裂构造。将煤层埋深与相应瓦斯含量进行线性回归,建立瓦斯含量预测模型,对一定范围深度煤层瓦斯含量进行预测;采用分源预测法对回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测。在分析影响兴安矿煤与瓦斯突出因素的基础上,对煤与瓦斯区域突出危险性进行预测。
Gas is the biggest hazard source to the safety production in a coalmine. Gas geology is the most important foundation for prevention and treatment of gas. It studys the formation, transport, storage of gas and geology’s control to gas disaster.
Using tectonic gradual control theory to study Geological structure’s control to gas occurrence. In order to stuy the law of gas occurrence, we need Combine a lot of gas information and measured gas parameters with geological chaaracteris.On the basis to predict gas content,gas emission and coal and gas outburst in mine.
After experiencing Tectonic movement of Yanshan and Himalayan period,Complex faults are formed in Hegang basin. Today the nature of NNW-NW tectonic is compressional It control gas occurrence and facilitate the gas outburst occurs. Near SW,NE and NNE direction structures are extensional.They conductive to release a lot of gas. Pyroclastic rocks, volcanic rocks and Nanling conglomerate are Extensively developped in mining formation. They cover the seam coal. The magma activities Intensly in the northern part ofmining, so that gas content increases with the increase of coal rank.
Analysis the impact of the structure,coal rock lithology,magmatic rock distribution and thickness of coal seam depth on the gas deposit.Through qualitative analysis and quantitative linear regression obtained the gas and geological laws in Xing-an mine:The gas content increase with depth throughout the whole mine. The gas content in North and South boundary fault is lower. The seam depth and structure are controlling factors affecting the distribution of gas. By linear regression the gas content with the depth of the seam,we can establish the predictive model of gas content and predict the gas content within a certain range of depth. Utilizing Sub-source prediction method to predict the Gas Emission in the coal face. On the basis of analysis of coal and gas outburst factors, this paper forecasts the coal and gas outburst dangerous area.
引文
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[2]国家煤矿安全监察局.《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》读本.[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2009.
[3]张子敏,张玉贵.瓦斯地质规律与瓦斯预测[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.
[4]张子敏,张玉贵,崔洪庆等.瓦斯地质学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009.
[5]焦作矿业学院瓦斯地质课题组.瓦斯地质概论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990.
[6]周世宁,林柏泉.煤层瓦斯赋存与流动理论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[7]杨力生.谈谈瓦斯地质研究成果和今后发展方向.瓦斯地质会议文集[M].煤炭工业出版社,1995.
[8]曹运兴,张玉贵,李凯奇等.构造煤的动力变质作用及其演化规律[J].煤田地质与勘探,1996,24(4):15-17.
[9] Zhang,Y.G. , Cao,Y.X. , Xie,H.B , etal Orphological and structural features of tectoniccoal[A].Li,B.Q.and Liu,Z.Y.Prospects for Coal Science in the 21st Century[C].Tai yuan,China,Shan xi Science Press.1999,57-60.
[10] Zhang Yu gui,Li Fan,Lu Hui qin, Xie Ke chang,Tang Xu yi. The effects of macerals and their structure on the proneness of coal spontaneous combustion. In Symposium of the 2000 Safety Science and Technology International Beijing Conference. 2000,5.
[11]张子敏,林又玲,吕绍林.中国煤层瓦斯分布特征[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998.
[12]张子敏,高建良,张瑞林等.关于中国煤层瓦斯区域分布的几点认识[J].地质科技情报,1999,18(4):67-70.
[13] J. Shepherd, L.K. Rixon and L. Griffiths. Outbursts and geological structures in coal mines: A review [J] International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences.1981,18(4):267-283.
[14] A.Э彼特罗祥著(宋世钊译).煤矿沼气涌出[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1980.
[15] DAVID P. CREEDY. Geological controls on the Formation and distribution of Gas in.3ritish coal M easurestrata,UK[J]. International of coal geology.1988,(10).
[16] Bibler CJ, Marshall JS, Pilcher, Status of worldwide coal mine methanee mission sanduse RC[J].Int J Coal Geol.1998,(35):283-310.
[17] Frodsham K ,GayerR A.Thei mpacto ftectonicd eformationu poncoalsea ms' in the SouthWales coalfield, UK[J]. Int J.Coal Geol.1999,(38):297-332.
[18] HuoyinLi,Yujiro Ogawa.Pores tructure of sheared coals and related coalbed methane[J]. Environmental Geology.2001,40(11):1455-1461.
[19]程三友.中国东北地区区域构造特征与中、新生代盆地演化[D].北京:地质大学,2006.
[20]张姗.黑龙江省东部早白垩世地层序列与盆地构造演化[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[21]温泉波.佳木斯隆起与周缘盆地耦合关系研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[22]张梅生,彭向东,孙晓猛.中国东北区古生代构造古地理格局[J].辽宁地质,1998,6(2):91-95.
[23]杨子荣,姜剑虹.鹤岗盆地晚侏罗世石头河子组沉积环境及幕式聚煤作用[J].沉积学报,1997,15(3):56-61.
[24]吕贵友.鹤岗矿区煤变质特征及变质规律[J].中国煤田地质,2005,17(3):15-16.
[25]邱士勇,姜敏.鹤岗煤田古地理沉积环境及其厚煤层沉积条件初探[J].煤炭技术,2005,24(8)
[26]崔站华,韩丛发.岗煤田构造形迹形成机制[J].煤炭技术,2007,26(4):110-111.
[27]赵德海,苏循新.鹤岗盆地构造特征及其演化[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(6):136-137.
[28]林强,葛文春,孙德有等.中国东北地区中生代火山岩的大地构造意义[J].地质科学,1998,33(2):129-137.
[29]刘士君.鹤岗煤田石头河子含煤组沉积环境分析[J].煤炭技术,2002,21(10):62-64.
[30]任纪舜.中国东部及邻区大地构造演化的新见解[J].中国区域地质,1989,(4):291-293.
[31]任纪舜,等.中国东部及邻区大陆岩石圈的构造演化与成矿[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1992.
[32]云金表,庞庆山,方德庆.大地构造学与中国区域地质[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2002,126.
[33]孙晓猛,等.佳木斯-伊通断裂带大型逆冲构造带的发现及形成时代[M].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):641-642.
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