不同生态类型甘蓝型油菜的遗传多样性及其杂种优势的研究
摘要
本研究以来自北美和欧洲以及我国西北青海、甘肃的春性品种(系)和从长江流域引进的半冬性品种(系)为材料,研究不同生态类型(春性、半冬性)甘蓝型油菜的遗传多样性以及它们一些性状(叶绿素含量、菌核病抗性)的差异,探讨不同类型间甘蓝型油菜的杂种优势,并研究利用SSR分子标记预测杂种优势的可行性,为春油菜地区油菜杂交育种中亲本的选配及杂种优势预测提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:
1.35份材料在遗传相似系数为0.698处分为5类,第I类包括17个材料,这17个材料除22号YYC-2为半冬性,其余的均为春性材料;第II类包括12个材料,其中18、19、20为春性和半冬性品系杂交选育而来的品系,其余的均为半冬性材料;第III类包括3个半冬性材料,分别为华双3号、浙油758和华双2号;第IV类包括一个春性材料Wester;第V类包括两个半冬性材料中双9号和中双10号。从上述聚类结果看出总体上春性和春性材料聚在一起,半冬性和半冬性材料聚在一起,表明春性和半冬性品种(系)的遗传差异比较大。
2.春性品种的叶绿素含量要明显高于半冬性品种。抗菌核病方面半冬性要比春性抗病,鉴于甘蓝型油菜对菌核病的抗性表现为部分显性,可以用半冬性抗病品种作亲本和回交亲本将抗病性转育到春性品种中。
3.单株产量前20位的组合大多是春性×半冬性,仅有3个例外为半冬性×半冬性,t测验得出春性×半冬性与春性×春性单株产量差异以及春性×半冬性与半冬性×半冬性单株产量差异都显著,而春性×春性与半冬性×半冬性的单株产量差异不显著,说明不同生态类型品种(系)间要比同种类型品种(系)间的杂种优势强,说明可以根据生态类型来划分杂种优势群,我们可以考虑在以后的育种工作中选用不同类型的亲本来组配杂交组合。配合力分析发现单株产量上春性亲本8614、Ag-5,半冬性亲本浙油758、84003、中双10号一般配合力效应值和特殊配合力方差都比较大,利用它们作为亲本能产生产量突出的组合,单株产量最高的组合(8614×84003)就是从它们之中产生。可以考虑把其中一个亲本转育成不育系,把另外一个转育成恢复系,将可能育出新的高产杂交春油菜品种。
4.本研究利用SSR所得的遗传距离与产量杂种优势呈弱相关,主要原因可能是由于SSR分子标记所揭示的核酸序列是没有功能的重复序列,它们与产量和产量杂种优势表现的连锁程度较低。
In this study, genetic diversity of 35 B. napus L. (17 spring varieties (lines)from North America and Europe, northwest China's Qinghai, Gansu , 15 weak-winter varieties (lines)from Yangtze River Basin and 3 hybrid lines between them )was assessed by simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The differences of some of their traits (chlorophyll content, S.sclerotiorum disease resistance) were investigated. A diallel cross by Griffing II (12×12) mating design was conducted in 6 spring and 6 semi-winter rape which were choose from the whole accessions. These 66 hybrids and their parents were evaluated for several important agronomic traits and their heterosis. SSR molecular genetic distance among 12 parents were estimated in order to analyze relationship between genetic diversity and F1 performance in order to provide a theoretical basis for selecting parent in spring rapeseed area. The main results are as following:
1. The result of UPGMA analysis to the data of SSR indicated that all accessions can be classified into five groups at 0.698 similarity index level. Group I was made up of 17 accessions, they are all spring type except YYC-2.There were 12 accessions in group II, three hybrid lines( 18,19 and 20) were created by spring and weak-winter, others were all weak-winter type. Three weak-winter rapeseed varieties‘Huashuang3’,‘Zheyou758’and‘Huashuang2’were in group III. One spring varietiy Wester was in group IV.Two weak-winter rapeseed varieties‘Zhongshuang9’and‘Zhongshuang10’were in group V. Results from cluster analysis showed that spring and weak-winter accessions were distinguished from each other and they had obvious genetic differences.
2. The chlorophyll content of spring varieties was significantly higher than semi-winter varieties. In the aspect of resistance of resistance to S.sclerotiorum disease, Semi-winter varieties were better than spring varieties. In view of resistance to S.sclerotiorum disease performance was incomplete dominace, semi-winter varieties can be used to transfer resistance to spring varieties though Hybridization and backcrossing.
3. Yield per plant among the top 20 were mostly semi-winter×spring, and only three exceptions for the semi-winter×semi-winter. The differences between semi-winter×spring and semi-winter×semi-winter or spring×spring combinations were significant. The differences between semi-winter×semi-winter and spring×spring was not significant.The heterosis between different ecological types is higher than the same types. The heterotic groups can be classified according to the ecological type. Heterotic patterns of ecotype could been used in hybrid breeding programs in Qinghai.The general combining ability and specific combining ability variance of spring parents 8614、Ag-5, semi-winter parents‘Zheyou758’、84003、‘Zhongshuang10’were more higher.we can choose them as parent firstly.As the combination (8614×84003)of the highest yield per plant,we can transfer one of them as male sterile line,transfer the other as restoration.
4. The SSR genetic distance and yield heterosis showed weak correlation, the main reason may be that nucleic acid sequence of SSR is no function.
1.35份材料在遗传相似系数为0.698处分为5类,第I类包括17个材料,这17个材料除22号YYC-2为半冬性,其余的均为春性材料;第II类包括12个材料,其中18、19、20为春性和半冬性品系杂交选育而来的品系,其余的均为半冬性材料;第III类包括3个半冬性材料,分别为华双3号、浙油758和华双2号;第IV类包括一个春性材料Wester;第V类包括两个半冬性材料中双9号和中双10号。从上述聚类结果看出总体上春性和春性材料聚在一起,半冬性和半冬性材料聚在一起,表明春性和半冬性品种(系)的遗传差异比较大。
2.春性品种的叶绿素含量要明显高于半冬性品种。抗菌核病方面半冬性要比春性抗病,鉴于甘蓝型油菜对菌核病的抗性表现为部分显性,可以用半冬性抗病品种作亲本和回交亲本将抗病性转育到春性品种中。
3.单株产量前20位的组合大多是春性×半冬性,仅有3个例外为半冬性×半冬性,t测验得出春性×半冬性与春性×春性单株产量差异以及春性×半冬性与半冬性×半冬性单株产量差异都显著,而春性×春性与半冬性×半冬性的单株产量差异不显著,说明不同生态类型品种(系)间要比同种类型品种(系)间的杂种优势强,说明可以根据生态类型来划分杂种优势群,我们可以考虑在以后的育种工作中选用不同类型的亲本来组配杂交组合。配合力分析发现单株产量上春性亲本8614、Ag-5,半冬性亲本浙油758、84003、中双10号一般配合力效应值和特殊配合力方差都比较大,利用它们作为亲本能产生产量突出的组合,单株产量最高的组合(8614×84003)就是从它们之中产生。可以考虑把其中一个亲本转育成不育系,把另外一个转育成恢复系,将可能育出新的高产杂交春油菜品种。
4.本研究利用SSR所得的遗传距离与产量杂种优势呈弱相关,主要原因可能是由于SSR分子标记所揭示的核酸序列是没有功能的重复序列,它们与产量和产量杂种优势表现的连锁程度较低。
In this study, genetic diversity of 35 B. napus L. (17 spring varieties (lines)from North America and Europe, northwest China's Qinghai, Gansu , 15 weak-winter varieties (lines)from Yangtze River Basin and 3 hybrid lines between them )was assessed by simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The differences of some of their traits (chlorophyll content, S.sclerotiorum disease resistance) were investigated. A diallel cross by Griffing II (12×12) mating design was conducted in 6 spring and 6 semi-winter rape which were choose from the whole accessions. These 66 hybrids and their parents were evaluated for several important agronomic traits and their heterosis. SSR molecular genetic distance among 12 parents were estimated in order to analyze relationship between genetic diversity and F1 performance in order to provide a theoretical basis for selecting parent in spring rapeseed area. The main results are as following:
1. The result of UPGMA analysis to the data of SSR indicated that all accessions can be classified into five groups at 0.698 similarity index level. Group I was made up of 17 accessions, they are all spring type except YYC-2.There were 12 accessions in group II, three hybrid lines( 18,19 and 20) were created by spring and weak-winter, others were all weak-winter type. Three weak-winter rapeseed varieties‘Huashuang3’,‘Zheyou758’and‘Huashuang2’were in group III. One spring varietiy Wester was in group IV.Two weak-winter rapeseed varieties‘Zhongshuang9’and‘Zhongshuang10’were in group V. Results from cluster analysis showed that spring and weak-winter accessions were distinguished from each other and they had obvious genetic differences.
2. The chlorophyll content of spring varieties was significantly higher than semi-winter varieties. In the aspect of resistance of resistance to S.sclerotiorum disease, Semi-winter varieties were better than spring varieties. In view of resistance to S.sclerotiorum disease performance was incomplete dominace, semi-winter varieties can be used to transfer resistance to spring varieties though Hybridization and backcrossing.
3. Yield per plant among the top 20 were mostly semi-winter×spring, and only three exceptions for the semi-winter×semi-winter. The differences between semi-winter×spring and semi-winter×semi-winter or spring×spring combinations were significant. The differences between semi-winter×semi-winter and spring×spring was not significant.The heterosis between different ecological types is higher than the same types. The heterotic groups can be classified according to the ecological type. Heterotic patterns of ecotype could been used in hybrid breeding programs in Qinghai.The general combining ability and specific combining ability variance of spring parents 8614、Ag-5, semi-winter parents‘Zheyou758’、84003、‘Zhongshuang10’were more higher.we can choose them as parent firstly.As the combination (8614×84003)of the highest yield per plant,we can transfer one of them as male sterile line,transfer the other as restoration.
4. The SSR genetic distance and yield heterosis showed weak correlation, the main reason may be that nucleic acid sequence of SSR is no function.
引文
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