江苏省农业转型发展的金融支持研究
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摘要
在现代市场经济条件下,金融成为经济的核心,决定着经济发展的速度和效率,当金融因素的作用受到限制时,经济增长必然遭遇资本投资不足和金融资源低效配置的约束。农业金融是以信用手段动员、配置和管理涉农金融资本运行的活动,是农业经济增长与发展的核心。以市场化和产业化为导向的农业转型发展,要求广泛而有效率的信用活动和金融运行,以保障持续增加的资本投入和金融资源的有效配置。但毫无疑问的是,我国现阶段的农业仍具有显著“产融弱质性”,面临严峻的资本形成不足、发展资金短缺的困境。这必然形成对我国农业可持续协调发展的严重制约。农业金融支持对改善农业弱质肩负着无可替代的重任,成为推进我国农业可持续协调发展的战略性机制途径。
在江苏省农业转型发展的进程中,江苏金融体系表现出一定的“农业产业歧视”,这使得转型发展中的江苏农业在社会金融资源的“配置博弈”中始终处于弱势地位。从长期看这种格局将影响江苏经济社会可持续协调发展战略的实现。因此,正确认识和保障转型发展中的江苏农业,就必须从发展战略的高度,设计金融支持江苏农业转型发展的方案框架并提出政策建议。本文将对江苏农业转型发展中金融支持的作用机制、方案框架及对策建议等问题进行系统性研究,并试图建立金融支持推进转型期江苏农业增长的理论框架,这对我省金融业的发展和农业增长不仅具有现实的政策含义,而且将会促进中国区域金融发展和经济增长问题的理论研究。本文在对国内外相关文献的分析基础上,分七个部分对全文进行展开:
第一,金融支持农业转型发展的理论探讨。本部分将对金融发展与经济增长的理论作必要的回顾,包括戈德史密斯的金融结构理论、肖和麦金农的金融深化理论、希克斯的产业成长理论以及关于农业增长理论的相关研究。本部分的探讨将为后续研究提供理论上的指导。
第二,本章分析江苏农业转型发展过程的本质、初始条件、导向及其模式选择。江苏农业转型发展是内含多元变迁和多重转型的过程,其“产融弱质”的发展特征决定金融支持成为推进江苏农业可持续协调发展的一种战略性机制与路径。
第三,本章对江苏省农业转型发展中的金融支持现状做了简要的概述,同时针对江苏省三大区域的金融支持现状分别作了简要分析,指出三个区域之间农业转型发展中金融支持力度存在的差异。
第四,本章以江苏省为例通过面板数据分析金融支持与江苏农业增长之间的作用机制,解读两者之间发生作用的基本条件和影响因素,并揭示两者之间的传递途径,为提出相宜的宏观经济政策及建议以促进两者良性互动发展奠定基础。
第五,本章主要从金融需求的角度分析经济转型最早的江苏农户与农村企业借贷存在的约束性因素。同时通过对金融需求主体农户、中小企业以及龙头企业分析了江苏省农业转型发展中金融支持的必要性,通过计量经济模型对农户、农村企业的贷款意愿、贷款渠道、贷款目的、贷款偿还等影响因素进行了实证分析,从微观角度实证检验金融机构对农户的金融信贷和个体农户生产行为的影响程度。
第六,本章从金融供给的角度分析江苏省农业转型发展的金融支持,其中主要从江苏的正规金融机构对农村发展的金融支持来考察江苏金融市场的供给状况。正规金融机构主要包括农业合作性金融机构、农业政策性金融机构和农业商业性金融机构,具体而言就是农村信用社、农业发展银行、农业银行和农村商业银行,这些金融机构构成了江苏农村金融供给的主要来源。
第七,金融支持江苏农业转型发展的方案框架和政策建议。本章在以上各部分理论和实证相结合的分析基础上构建金融支持江苏农业转型发展的方案框架,并提出了相关的政策建议。
本文通过对江苏省农业转型发展过程中金融支持的分析,得出如下结论:
(1)就江苏省农业转型发展的本质而言,它是用一种新的、先进的、效益更高的农业制度替代现有的这种旧的、落后的、效益底下的农业制度的过程。在内涵的界定上,江苏省农业转型发展可被界定为一个“市场化、社会化、组织化、集约化、规模化、专业化”的现代农业的形成过程。
(2)本文对江苏省农村金融支持与农业经济增长进行了实证分析,其结论如下:江苏农村金融的发展对农业经济增长有着明显的促进作用,应努力推动江苏农村金融的发展。当然,两者之间的作用是相互的,不能为了发展农村金融而发展农村金融,而应从发展农村经济的角度出发去发展农村金融,而农村经济的增长则会进一步促进农村金融的发展。农业投资对农村经济的发展有一定的作用,但影响程度较小,在加大农业投资的同时,应该努力使其作用得到充分发挥,使资源得到合理的充分的利用。此外鉴于市场类型特征不同,利率作用机制不同,在制定宏观政策时应考虑到农村经济发展的特殊性。
(3)农业金融支持对改善农业弱质肩负着无可替代的重任,成为推进江苏省农业可持续协调发展的战略性机制。江苏省农业的弱质性决定了完全的市场机制在农业领域的不完全适应性,农业金融不仅仅具有经济职能,同时具有鲜明的社会功能和政策取向。充分发挥农业金融支持效应,必须从完善农业金融体系与结构、改进农业金融治理机制和激励机制、制定并协调农业金融政策等进行全面系统的深化。
Finance has become the core in the market-based economy, which determines the speed and efficiency of the economic development. Once the financial factors are restricted, economic growth will unavoidably encounter the constraints of deficiency of capital investment and the low efficient allocation of financial resources. Rural finance is an activity of mobilizing, allocating and managing agricultural financial capitals by means of credit and is the core of agricultural growth and development. Extensive and efficient credit activities and financial operations are necessary in market and industry oriented agricultural transitory development so as to guarantee the sustainable growth of capital input and the effective allocation of financial resources. Yet undoubtedly, our agriculture faces the predicament of serious deficiency in capital formation as well as funds for development at present , which will be a severe restriction of sustainable and balanced development of agriculture in our country. Financial support in agriculture shoulders an irreplaceable mission of improving the inferiority of agriculture and has become an strategic mechanism for promoting sustainable and balanced development of agriculture in our country.
In the development of agricultural transition, the financial system has showed some characteristics of "discrimination of agricultural industry" in Jiangsu Province, which leads to the disadvantaged status of Jiangsu agriculture in the "allocation gaming" of social financial resources during the transitory development. In the long term, these facts will exert a negative influence on the realization of sustainable and balanced development strategy of Jiangsu economy and its society. Thus, we have to design solutions to offer financial support to Jiangsu agricultural transitory development and raise policy suggestion from the perspective of development strategy in order to know and guarantee Jiangsu agriculture in its transitory development. This paper will carry out a systematic research on the mechanism and frame of financial support in agricultural transitory development of Jiangsu Province as well as raise relative suggestions. It also tries to establish the theoretical frame of how financial support promotes Jiangsu agricultural growth during its transitory period, which not only has realistic policy implications in Jiangsu financial development and agricultural growth, but also will strengthen theoretical researches on the issues concerning China's regional financial development and economic growth. Based on the analysis of relative literatures from at home and abroad, this paper consists of seven chapters:
First, this chapter is about the theoretical discussion of the support of finance on agricultural transitory development. This part has necessary review of theories concerning financial development and economic growth, including the financial structure theory of Goldsmith, financial deepening theory of Edward S. Shaw and Ronald I McKinnon, industry growth theory of Hicks, John Richard as well as relative researches on agricultural growth theories. The content in this part offers guidance to the following researches.
Second, this chapter analyzes the essence, initial conditions, orientation and mode adoption of Jiangsu agricultural transitory development. Jiangsu agricultural transitory development is a process containing multi-transitions. Financial support has become a strategic mechanism and path for promoting sustainable and balanced development of agriculture in Jiangsu.
Third, this chapter makes a brief summarization of the status quo of financial support in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development and briefly analyzes the status quo of financial support in the three regions of Jiangsu Province, pointing out the existence of difference among financial supporting powers in these three regions.
Forth, this chapter takes northern Jiangsu as an example, analyzes the working mechanism between financial support and Jiangsu agricultural development with penal data, explains the basic conditions and influencing factors for the interaction and reveals the pathway between them so as to pave the way for enhancing the benign interaction by raising proper macroeconomic policy and suggestion.
fifth, this chapter analyzes the constraints existed in Jiangsu farmer households where economic transformation is the earliest and in rural enterprise financing from financial demand perspective. In the mean time, it analyzes the necessity of financial support in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development by examining farmers, medium and small enterprises as well as leading enterprises which have the main financial demand. It carries out positive analysis with econometric model, taking the willingness of loans, channel of loans, purpose of loans, repayment of loans and other influencing factors as variables, positively testing from micro perspective that how great financial institutions have influenced farmers' financial loans and their individual household production behavior.
Sixth, this chapter analyzes financial support in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development from financial supply perspective, mainly by examining financial support from formal financial institutions in Jiangsu to rural development. Formal financial institutions include agricultural cooperative financial institutions, financial institutions for agricultural policies and agricultural commercial financial institutions, to be more specific, they are rural cooperatives, agricultural development banks, agricultural banks and rural commercial banks, which offer major source of rural financial supply in Jiangsu Province.
seventh, this chapter is about the plan frame and policy suggestions of financial supporting in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development. Based on the theoretical and positive analysis above, this part builds up the plan frame of financial supporting in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development and raises relative policy suggestions.
This paper draws conclusions as follows through the analysis of financial supporting in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development:
(1)As far as the essence of Jiangsu agricultural transitory development is concerned, it's a process of replacing the old, less developed, low productive agricultural institutions with the new, advanced, more productive agricultural institutions. In the definition of its concepts, Jiangsu agricultural transitory development can be defined as the formation process of "marketized, socialized, organized, intensified, scalized and specialized" modern agriculture.
(2)This paper carries out positive analysis of rural financial support and agricultural economic development in Jiangsu and its conclusions are: the development of rural finance in Jiangsu has a significant effect on boosting rural economy and we should strive to promote the development of rural finance in Jiangsu. Of course, the interaction is between the two factors at the same time, so we can't set developing rural finance as our single goal, rather, we should develop it from the perspective of developing rural economy. What's more, the boost of rural economy will further improve the development of rural finance. Agricultural investment has some small influence on rural economy. When strengthening agricultural investment, we should strive to make its function into full play in order to use the resources properly and fully. Besides, we should consider the special characteristics of rural economic development when making policies because of different features of market types and working mechanisms of interest rate.
(3)Agricultural financial support shoulders a irreplaceable responsibility in improving agricultural inferiority and has become a strategic mechanism for promoting sustainable and balanced development of agriculture in Jiangsu Province. The inferiority of Jiangsu agriculture determines the incomplete adaptability of complete market mechanism in agriculture. Rural finance not only has economic functions, but also possesses clear social functions and policy orientation. In order to fully develop the effect of rural financial support, we must carry out comprehensive and systematic deepening through perfecting the system and structure of rural finance, improving the governance and incentive institutions of agricultural finance, formulating and coordinating agricultural financial policies, etc.
在江苏省农业转型发展的进程中,江苏金融体系表现出一定的“农业产业歧视”,这使得转型发展中的江苏农业在社会金融资源的“配置博弈”中始终处于弱势地位。从长期看这种格局将影响江苏经济社会可持续协调发展战略的实现。因此,正确认识和保障转型发展中的江苏农业,就必须从发展战略的高度,设计金融支持江苏农业转型发展的方案框架并提出政策建议。本文将对江苏农业转型发展中金融支持的作用机制、方案框架及对策建议等问题进行系统性研究,并试图建立金融支持推进转型期江苏农业增长的理论框架,这对我省金融业的发展和农业增长不仅具有现实的政策含义,而且将会促进中国区域金融发展和经济增长问题的理论研究。本文在对国内外相关文献的分析基础上,分七个部分对全文进行展开:
第一,金融支持农业转型发展的理论探讨。本部分将对金融发展与经济增长的理论作必要的回顾,包括戈德史密斯的金融结构理论、肖和麦金农的金融深化理论、希克斯的产业成长理论以及关于农业增长理论的相关研究。本部分的探讨将为后续研究提供理论上的指导。
第二,本章分析江苏农业转型发展过程的本质、初始条件、导向及其模式选择。江苏农业转型发展是内含多元变迁和多重转型的过程,其“产融弱质”的发展特征决定金融支持成为推进江苏农业可持续协调发展的一种战略性机制与路径。
第三,本章对江苏省农业转型发展中的金融支持现状做了简要的概述,同时针对江苏省三大区域的金融支持现状分别作了简要分析,指出三个区域之间农业转型发展中金融支持力度存在的差异。
第四,本章以江苏省为例通过面板数据分析金融支持与江苏农业增长之间的作用机制,解读两者之间发生作用的基本条件和影响因素,并揭示两者之间的传递途径,为提出相宜的宏观经济政策及建议以促进两者良性互动发展奠定基础。
第五,本章主要从金融需求的角度分析经济转型最早的江苏农户与农村企业借贷存在的约束性因素。同时通过对金融需求主体农户、中小企业以及龙头企业分析了江苏省农业转型发展中金融支持的必要性,通过计量经济模型对农户、农村企业的贷款意愿、贷款渠道、贷款目的、贷款偿还等影响因素进行了实证分析,从微观角度实证检验金融机构对农户的金融信贷和个体农户生产行为的影响程度。
第六,本章从金融供给的角度分析江苏省农业转型发展的金融支持,其中主要从江苏的正规金融机构对农村发展的金融支持来考察江苏金融市场的供给状况。正规金融机构主要包括农业合作性金融机构、农业政策性金融机构和农业商业性金融机构,具体而言就是农村信用社、农业发展银行、农业银行和农村商业银行,这些金融机构构成了江苏农村金融供给的主要来源。
第七,金融支持江苏农业转型发展的方案框架和政策建议。本章在以上各部分理论和实证相结合的分析基础上构建金融支持江苏农业转型发展的方案框架,并提出了相关的政策建议。
本文通过对江苏省农业转型发展过程中金融支持的分析,得出如下结论:
(1)就江苏省农业转型发展的本质而言,它是用一种新的、先进的、效益更高的农业制度替代现有的这种旧的、落后的、效益底下的农业制度的过程。在内涵的界定上,江苏省农业转型发展可被界定为一个“市场化、社会化、组织化、集约化、规模化、专业化”的现代农业的形成过程。
(2)本文对江苏省农村金融支持与农业经济增长进行了实证分析,其结论如下:江苏农村金融的发展对农业经济增长有着明显的促进作用,应努力推动江苏农村金融的发展。当然,两者之间的作用是相互的,不能为了发展农村金融而发展农村金融,而应从发展农村经济的角度出发去发展农村金融,而农村经济的增长则会进一步促进农村金融的发展。农业投资对农村经济的发展有一定的作用,但影响程度较小,在加大农业投资的同时,应该努力使其作用得到充分发挥,使资源得到合理的充分的利用。此外鉴于市场类型特征不同,利率作用机制不同,在制定宏观政策时应考虑到农村经济发展的特殊性。
(3)农业金融支持对改善农业弱质肩负着无可替代的重任,成为推进江苏省农业可持续协调发展的战略性机制。江苏省农业的弱质性决定了完全的市场机制在农业领域的不完全适应性,农业金融不仅仅具有经济职能,同时具有鲜明的社会功能和政策取向。充分发挥农业金融支持效应,必须从完善农业金融体系与结构、改进农业金融治理机制和激励机制、制定并协调农业金融政策等进行全面系统的深化。
Finance has become the core in the market-based economy, which determines the speed and efficiency of the economic development. Once the financial factors are restricted, economic growth will unavoidably encounter the constraints of deficiency of capital investment and the low efficient allocation of financial resources. Rural finance is an activity of mobilizing, allocating and managing agricultural financial capitals by means of credit and is the core of agricultural growth and development. Extensive and efficient credit activities and financial operations are necessary in market and industry oriented agricultural transitory development so as to guarantee the sustainable growth of capital input and the effective allocation of financial resources. Yet undoubtedly, our agriculture faces the predicament of serious deficiency in capital formation as well as funds for development at present , which will be a severe restriction of sustainable and balanced development of agriculture in our country. Financial support in agriculture shoulders an irreplaceable mission of improving the inferiority of agriculture and has become an strategic mechanism for promoting sustainable and balanced development of agriculture in our country.
In the development of agricultural transition, the financial system has showed some characteristics of "discrimination of agricultural industry" in Jiangsu Province, which leads to the disadvantaged status of Jiangsu agriculture in the "allocation gaming" of social financial resources during the transitory development. In the long term, these facts will exert a negative influence on the realization of sustainable and balanced development strategy of Jiangsu economy and its society. Thus, we have to design solutions to offer financial support to Jiangsu agricultural transitory development and raise policy suggestion from the perspective of development strategy in order to know and guarantee Jiangsu agriculture in its transitory development. This paper will carry out a systematic research on the mechanism and frame of financial support in agricultural transitory development of Jiangsu Province as well as raise relative suggestions. It also tries to establish the theoretical frame of how financial support promotes Jiangsu agricultural growth during its transitory period, which not only has realistic policy implications in Jiangsu financial development and agricultural growth, but also will strengthen theoretical researches on the issues concerning China's regional financial development and economic growth. Based on the analysis of relative literatures from at home and abroad, this paper consists of seven chapters:
First, this chapter is about the theoretical discussion of the support of finance on agricultural transitory development. This part has necessary review of theories concerning financial development and economic growth, including the financial structure theory of Goldsmith, financial deepening theory of Edward S. Shaw and Ronald I McKinnon, industry growth theory of Hicks, John Richard as well as relative researches on agricultural growth theories. The content in this part offers guidance to the following researches.
Second, this chapter analyzes the essence, initial conditions, orientation and mode adoption of Jiangsu agricultural transitory development. Jiangsu agricultural transitory development is a process containing multi-transitions. Financial support has become a strategic mechanism and path for promoting sustainable and balanced development of agriculture in Jiangsu.
Third, this chapter makes a brief summarization of the status quo of financial support in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development and briefly analyzes the status quo of financial support in the three regions of Jiangsu Province, pointing out the existence of difference among financial supporting powers in these three regions.
Forth, this chapter takes northern Jiangsu as an example, analyzes the working mechanism between financial support and Jiangsu agricultural development with penal data, explains the basic conditions and influencing factors for the interaction and reveals the pathway between them so as to pave the way for enhancing the benign interaction by raising proper macroeconomic policy and suggestion.
fifth, this chapter analyzes the constraints existed in Jiangsu farmer households where economic transformation is the earliest and in rural enterprise financing from financial demand perspective. In the mean time, it analyzes the necessity of financial support in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development by examining farmers, medium and small enterprises as well as leading enterprises which have the main financial demand. It carries out positive analysis with econometric model, taking the willingness of loans, channel of loans, purpose of loans, repayment of loans and other influencing factors as variables, positively testing from micro perspective that how great financial institutions have influenced farmers' financial loans and their individual household production behavior.
Sixth, this chapter analyzes financial support in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development from financial supply perspective, mainly by examining financial support from formal financial institutions in Jiangsu to rural development. Formal financial institutions include agricultural cooperative financial institutions, financial institutions for agricultural policies and agricultural commercial financial institutions, to be more specific, they are rural cooperatives, agricultural development banks, agricultural banks and rural commercial banks, which offer major source of rural financial supply in Jiangsu Province.
seventh, this chapter is about the plan frame and policy suggestions of financial supporting in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development. Based on the theoretical and positive analysis above, this part builds up the plan frame of financial supporting in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development and raises relative policy suggestions.
This paper draws conclusions as follows through the analysis of financial supporting in Jiangsu agricultural transitory development:
(1)As far as the essence of Jiangsu agricultural transitory development is concerned, it's a process of replacing the old, less developed, low productive agricultural institutions with the new, advanced, more productive agricultural institutions. In the definition of its concepts, Jiangsu agricultural transitory development can be defined as the formation process of "marketized, socialized, organized, intensified, scalized and specialized" modern agriculture.
(2)This paper carries out positive analysis of rural financial support and agricultural economic development in Jiangsu and its conclusions are: the development of rural finance in Jiangsu has a significant effect on boosting rural economy and we should strive to promote the development of rural finance in Jiangsu. Of course, the interaction is between the two factors at the same time, so we can't set developing rural finance as our single goal, rather, we should develop it from the perspective of developing rural economy. What's more, the boost of rural economy will further improve the development of rural finance. Agricultural investment has some small influence on rural economy. When strengthening agricultural investment, we should strive to make its function into full play in order to use the resources properly and fully. Besides, we should consider the special characteristics of rural economic development when making policies because of different features of market types and working mechanisms of interest rate.
(3)Agricultural financial support shoulders a irreplaceable responsibility in improving agricultural inferiority and has become a strategic mechanism for promoting sustainable and balanced development of agriculture in Jiangsu Province. The inferiority of Jiangsu agriculture determines the incomplete adaptability of complete market mechanism in agriculture. Rural finance not only has economic functions, but also possesses clear social functions and policy orientation. In order to fully develop the effect of rural financial support, we must carry out comprehensive and systematic deepening through perfecting the system and structure of rural finance, improving the governance and incentive institutions of agricultural finance, formulating and coordinating agricultural financial policies, etc.
引文
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