阿尔及利亚Chelif盆地102a/112区块油气地质综合研究
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摘要
Chelif盆地位于阿尔及利亚西北部沿海地区,面积9923Km2。地理上属于泰勒-阿特拉斯的一部分,濒临地中海,是一个复杂的中-新生代海相叠合含油气盆地。Chelif盆地102a/112区块的油气勘探开始于19世纪末,是阿尔及利亚最早发现石油的地区之一,但目前的勘探程度很低,盆地生、储、盖层分布特征和主力成藏组合尚需研究。
本文以沉积学、测井地质学、油气地球化学等学科的基本理论和观点为指导,综合运用了露头、地震、测井、录井和油气地球化学资料,对Chelif盆地102a/112区块进行了构造、沉积和地球化学等多学科地质综合研究。研究取得的成果和认识如下:
1、Chelif盆地主要发育三套烃源岩,有两套与原油对比较好的烃源岩,分别是上白垩统和上中新统的泥岩、泥灰岩。烃源岩热演化研究表明,上白垩统烃源岩在渐新世末期进入生油窗;上中新统烃源岩在中新世末期、上新世早期进入生油窗。
2、在确定Chelif盆地的沉积相的平面展布后,我们将储层进行了分类,提出了盆地的有利储层为(辫状、扇)三角洲前缘的水下分流河道砂体。
3、从测井和录井对Chelif盆地的主要盖层进行分类,确定其平面展布,提出了盆地最佳的盖层为泥质岩、膏岩和碳酸盐岩类。
4、Chelif盆地地震工区覆盖的地区中,在南部反转带主要发育断鼻、断块、断背斜、地层超覆等圈闭;在中央隆起带主要发育披覆背斜、断背斜等圈闭,西南部发育断鼻及砂岩上倾尖灭圈闭;在北部反转带上主要发育断背斜圈闭。通过平衡剖面逐层回剥,研究表明Chelif盆地的大部分中新统圈闭形成于上中新世末期～上新世早期。
5、通过圈闭地质风险评价,分别在下中新统底和上中新统底确定了Ⅰ类圈闭、Ⅱ类圈闭、地层岩性圈闭的发育区。
6、在对盆地的生储盖进行了综合分析之后,以体系域界面为单元作构造顶面图,结合圈闭及油气运移期次分析,确定了两个有利勘探区域,为下一步的勘探指明了方向。
Chelif Basin is located in northwest coast of Algeria and is about 9923 km2 square. It belongs to part of Tellian-Atlas and is near the Mediterranean. It is also a complicated Meso-Cenozoic petroliferous basin. As one of the earliest exploration breakthroughs of Algeria, the exploration history of Chelif basin began in the end of 19th century. However, the degree of exploration is low relatively. There is still need for the study of distribution characteristics of source rock, reservoir, cap rock and dominant hydrocarbon play.
Guided by theories and viewpoints of sedimentology, logging geology, and geochemistry, the paper used extensive data including outcrop, seismic, logging, well log and geochemistry in order to make an integrated research on the structure, sedimentology and geochemistry of block 102a/112 in Chelif Basin. The results and understandings were as follows.
1. There were three sets of source rock in Chelif basin. Two sets of source rock can be compared to the crude oil well, and they were mudstone and marl of Upper Cretaceous and Upper Miocene. Thermal evolution study on source rock indicated that source rock of Upper Cretaceous entered oil window in late Oligocene, source rock of Upper Miocene entered oil window in the period during late Miocene to early Pliocene.
2. After the work on the plane distribution of sedimentary facies were done, and the reservoirs were classified, it was recognized that potential reservoirs were underwater distributary channel sandstones of (braid, fan) delta front.
3. The main cap rocks were classified from the aspects of logging and drilling data. It was realized the best cap rocks of Chelif basin were mudstone, gypsum and carbonate rocks.
4. Fault nose, fault block, fault anticline, fault anticline and overlapping stratigraphic trap developed mainly in south reverse structure belt; drape anticline, fault anticline developed mainly in central uplift belt, fault nose and overlying pinchout lithological trap developed mainly in southwest of central uplift belt; fault anticline developed mainly in north reverse structure belt. According to the balanced profiles, it was realized that most Miocene traps in Chelif Basin were formed during late Upper Miocene to early Pliocene.
5. According to the geological risk evaluation of traps, traps belonging to classⅠ, traps belonging to classⅡ, and stratigraphic-lithologic traps were found on bottom of Lower Miocene and Upper Miocene.
6. After analyses on the source-reservoir-cap combination of Chelif Basin, structure top maps of systems tract boundaries were made. Accoring to analyses of trap and migration period, two potential zones were finally determined, which could guide the next exploration.
本文以沉积学、测井地质学、油气地球化学等学科的基本理论和观点为指导,综合运用了露头、地震、测井、录井和油气地球化学资料,对Chelif盆地102a/112区块进行了构造、沉积和地球化学等多学科地质综合研究。研究取得的成果和认识如下:
1、Chelif盆地主要发育三套烃源岩,有两套与原油对比较好的烃源岩,分别是上白垩统和上中新统的泥岩、泥灰岩。烃源岩热演化研究表明,上白垩统烃源岩在渐新世末期进入生油窗;上中新统烃源岩在中新世末期、上新世早期进入生油窗。
2、在确定Chelif盆地的沉积相的平面展布后,我们将储层进行了分类,提出了盆地的有利储层为(辫状、扇)三角洲前缘的水下分流河道砂体。
3、从测井和录井对Chelif盆地的主要盖层进行分类,确定其平面展布,提出了盆地最佳的盖层为泥质岩、膏岩和碳酸盐岩类。
4、Chelif盆地地震工区覆盖的地区中,在南部反转带主要发育断鼻、断块、断背斜、地层超覆等圈闭;在中央隆起带主要发育披覆背斜、断背斜等圈闭,西南部发育断鼻及砂岩上倾尖灭圈闭;在北部反转带上主要发育断背斜圈闭。通过平衡剖面逐层回剥,研究表明Chelif盆地的大部分中新统圈闭形成于上中新世末期～上新世早期。
5、通过圈闭地质风险评价,分别在下中新统底和上中新统底确定了Ⅰ类圈闭、Ⅱ类圈闭、地层岩性圈闭的发育区。
6、在对盆地的生储盖进行了综合分析之后,以体系域界面为单元作构造顶面图,结合圈闭及油气运移期次分析,确定了两个有利勘探区域,为下一步的勘探指明了方向。
Chelif Basin is located in northwest coast of Algeria and is about 9923 km2 square. It belongs to part of Tellian-Atlas and is near the Mediterranean. It is also a complicated Meso-Cenozoic petroliferous basin. As one of the earliest exploration breakthroughs of Algeria, the exploration history of Chelif basin began in the end of 19th century. However, the degree of exploration is low relatively. There is still need for the study of distribution characteristics of source rock, reservoir, cap rock and dominant hydrocarbon play.
Guided by theories and viewpoints of sedimentology, logging geology, and geochemistry, the paper used extensive data including outcrop, seismic, logging, well log and geochemistry in order to make an integrated research on the structure, sedimentology and geochemistry of block 102a/112 in Chelif Basin. The results and understandings were as follows.
1. There were three sets of source rock in Chelif basin. Two sets of source rock can be compared to the crude oil well, and they were mudstone and marl of Upper Cretaceous and Upper Miocene. Thermal evolution study on source rock indicated that source rock of Upper Cretaceous entered oil window in late Oligocene, source rock of Upper Miocene entered oil window in the period during late Miocene to early Pliocene.
2. After the work on the plane distribution of sedimentary facies were done, and the reservoirs were classified, it was recognized that potential reservoirs were underwater distributary channel sandstones of (braid, fan) delta front.
3. The main cap rocks were classified from the aspects of logging and drilling data. It was realized the best cap rocks of Chelif basin were mudstone, gypsum and carbonate rocks.
4. Fault nose, fault block, fault anticline, fault anticline and overlapping stratigraphic trap developed mainly in south reverse structure belt; drape anticline, fault anticline developed mainly in central uplift belt, fault nose and overlying pinchout lithological trap developed mainly in southwest of central uplift belt; fault anticline developed mainly in north reverse structure belt. According to the balanced profiles, it was realized that most Miocene traps in Chelif Basin were formed during late Upper Miocene to early Pliocene.
5. According to the geological risk evaluation of traps, traps belonging to classⅠ, traps belonging to classⅡ, and stratigraphic-lithologic traps were found on bottom of Lower Miocene and Upper Miocene.
6. After analyses on the source-reservoir-cap combination of Chelif Basin, structure top maps of systems tract boundaries were made. Accoring to analyses of trap and migration period, two potential zones were finally determined, which could guide the next exploration.
引文
[1] L.B.马贡,W.G.道.含油气系统——从烃源岩到圈闭[M].石油工业出版社,1998:221-386
[2]王鸿祯,李光岑.国际地层时代对比表.地质出版社,1990
[3]姜在兴.沉积学[M].石油工业出版社,2003:375-402
[4]秦建中,王静,李欣,等.渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷未熟—低熟油成烃成藏条件研究[J].石油实验地质, 2003,11(1):566-572
[5]樊馥,高福红,高红梅.鸡西盆地下白垩统煤系烃源岩生油潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(1):36-39
[6]谭河清.渤海南部埕北凹陷油气资源潜力分析[J].江汉石油学院学报, 2004,26(1): 39-41
[7]刘震,常迈,赵阳,等.低勘探程度盆地烃源岩早期预测方法研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):159-167
[8] Unlu, S; Alpar, B. Hydrocarbon balance of surface sediments in lzmit Bay (Marmara sea), Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2004, 73(1): 85-92
[9]陶晓风,刘登忠,朱利东.陆相盆地沉积作用与构造作用的关系.沉积学报,2001,19(3):410-414
[10] Talbot, MR. Morley, CK. Tiercelin, JJ, et al. Hydrocarbon potential of the Meso-Cenozoic Turkana Depression, northern Kenya. II. Source rocks: quality, maturation, depositional environments and structural control. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2004, 21(1): 63-78
[11]王益清,朱忠德.油气勘探与石油地质综合研究——理论、方法和程序[M].中国地质大学出版社,1998,19(3):166-191
[12] Schulz, HM. Sachsenhofer, RF. Bechtel, A, et al. The origin of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Austrian Molasse Basin (Eocene-Oligocene transition). Marine and Petroleum Geology. 2002, 19(6): 683-709
[13] Ingram GM,Chisholm TJ, Grant CJ, et al. Deepwater North West Borneo: Hydrocarbon accumulation in an active fold and thrust belt. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2004, 21(7): 879-887
[14]金之钧,张一伟,王捷,等.油气成藏机理与分布规律[M].石油工业出版社,2003:303-340
[15]王焕弟,牛滨华,任敦占,等.隐蔽油气藏勘探现状与对策分析[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2004,39(6):739-744
[16]周兴熙,张光亚,李洪辉,等.塔里木盆地库车油气系统的成藏作用[M].石油工业出版社,2002:52-69
[17]林畅松.“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念.地球科学,2000,25(3):260-266
[18]肖焕钦,陈广军,李常宝.陆相断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏分类及勘探[J].特种油气藏, 2002,9(5)10-12
[19]沈守文,彭大钧,颜其彬,等.试论隐蔽油气藏的分类及勘探思路[J].石油学报,2000,21(1):16-22
[20]李丕龙,张善文,宋国奇,等.断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成机制——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质, 2004,26(1):3-10
[21]陆克政,漆家福.渤海湾新生代含油气盆地构造模式.北京:地质出版社,1997
[22] Cross,T .A , Baker, M .R .Chapin, M .A .et al. Applications of high resolution sequence stratigraphy to reservoir analysis, in R . Eschard and B. Doligez, (eds), Subsurface reservoir characterization from outcrop observation , proceedings of the 7th Explo ration and production research conference . 1993, P.11-33
[23]李丕龙,姜在兴.东营凹陷储集体与油气分布.北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[24] Mazurenko LL, Soloviev VA. Worldwide distribution of deep-water fluid venting and potential occurrences of gas hydrate accumulations. Geo-marine Letters. 2004, 23(3-4): 162-176
[25] Piedad-Sanchez N, Suarez-Ruiz I, Martinez L, et al. Organic petrology and geochemistry of the carboniferous coal seams from the Central Asturian Coal Basin (NW spain). International Journal of Coal Geology. 2004, 57(3-4):211-242
[26]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260-264
[27]李军生,林春明.反转背斜构造自生自储油藏成藏模式[J].石油学报, 2006,27(2):34-37
[28]卓勤功,宁方兴,荣娜.断陷盆地输导体系类型及控藏机制[J].地质评论,2005,51(4):416-422
[29]易士威,王权.岩性地层油气藏勘探思路与勘探方法[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(2):9-15
[30]付谨平.箕状凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩体空间展布及成藏规律——以东营凹陷为例.复式油气田,1998,9(3):14-19
[31]张运东,薛红兵,朱如凯,等.国内外隐蔽油气藏勘探现状[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(3):64-68
[32]刘兴材,杨申镳.济阳复式油气区形成条件及分布规律.成都理工学院学报,1998,25(2):276-284
[33] Fisher W.L. and J.H.McGowen. Depositonal systems in the Willcox Grpoup of Texas and their relayionship to occurrence of oil and gas. Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies.1967,v.17,P.105-125
[2]王鸿祯,李光岑.国际地层时代对比表.地质出版社,1990
[3]姜在兴.沉积学[M].石油工业出版社,2003:375-402
[4]秦建中,王静,李欣,等.渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷未熟—低熟油成烃成藏条件研究[J].石油实验地质, 2003,11(1):566-572
[5]樊馥,高福红,高红梅.鸡西盆地下白垩统煤系烃源岩生油潜力[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(1):36-39
[6]谭河清.渤海南部埕北凹陷油气资源潜力分析[J].江汉石油学院学报, 2004,26(1): 39-41
[7]刘震,常迈,赵阳,等.低勘探程度盆地烃源岩早期预测方法研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):159-167
[8] Unlu, S; Alpar, B. Hydrocarbon balance of surface sediments in lzmit Bay (Marmara sea), Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2004, 73(1): 85-92
[9]陶晓风,刘登忠,朱利东.陆相盆地沉积作用与构造作用的关系.沉积学报,2001,19(3):410-414
[10] Talbot, MR. Morley, CK. Tiercelin, JJ, et al. Hydrocarbon potential of the Meso-Cenozoic Turkana Depression, northern Kenya. II. Source rocks: quality, maturation, depositional environments and structural control. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2004, 21(1): 63-78
[11]王益清,朱忠德.油气勘探与石油地质综合研究——理论、方法和程序[M].中国地质大学出版社,1998,19(3):166-191
[12] Schulz, HM. Sachsenhofer, RF. Bechtel, A, et al. The origin of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Austrian Molasse Basin (Eocene-Oligocene transition). Marine and Petroleum Geology. 2002, 19(6): 683-709
[13] Ingram GM,Chisholm TJ, Grant CJ, et al. Deepwater North West Borneo: Hydrocarbon accumulation in an active fold and thrust belt. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2004, 21(7): 879-887
[14]金之钧,张一伟,王捷,等.油气成藏机理与分布规律[M].石油工业出版社,2003:303-340
[15]王焕弟,牛滨华,任敦占,等.隐蔽油气藏勘探现状与对策分析[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2004,39(6):739-744
[16]周兴熙,张光亚,李洪辉,等.塔里木盆地库车油气系统的成藏作用[M].石油工业出版社,2002:52-69
[17]林畅松.“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念.地球科学,2000,25(3):260-266
[18]肖焕钦,陈广军,李常宝.陆相断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏分类及勘探[J].特种油气藏, 2002,9(5)10-12
[19]沈守文,彭大钧,颜其彬,等.试论隐蔽油气藏的分类及勘探思路[J].石油学报,2000,21(1):16-22
[20]李丕龙,张善文,宋国奇,等.断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏形成机制——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷为例[J].石油实验地质, 2004,26(1):3-10
[21]陆克政,漆家福.渤海湾新生代含油气盆地构造模式.北京:地质出版社,1997
[22] Cross,T .A , Baker, M .R .Chapin, M .A .et al. Applications of high resolution sequence stratigraphy to reservoir analysis, in R . Eschard and B. Doligez, (eds), Subsurface reservoir characterization from outcrop observation , proceedings of the 7th Explo ration and production research conference . 1993, P.11-33
[23]李丕龙,姜在兴.东营凹陷储集体与油气分布.北京:石油工业出版社,2000
[24] Mazurenko LL, Soloviev VA. Worldwide distribution of deep-water fluid venting and potential occurrences of gas hydrate accumulations. Geo-marine Letters. 2004, 23(3-4): 162-176
[25] Piedad-Sanchez N, Suarez-Ruiz I, Martinez L, et al. Organic petrology and geochemistry of the carboniferous coal seams from the Central Asturian Coal Basin (NW spain). International Journal of Coal Geology. 2004, 57(3-4):211-242
[26]林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260-264
[27]李军生,林春明.反转背斜构造自生自储油藏成藏模式[J].石油学报, 2006,27(2):34-37
[28]卓勤功,宁方兴,荣娜.断陷盆地输导体系类型及控藏机制[J].地质评论,2005,51(4):416-422
[29]易士威,王权.岩性地层油气藏勘探思路与勘探方法[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(2):9-15
[30]付谨平.箕状凹陷陡坡带砂砾岩体空间展布及成藏规律——以东营凹陷为例.复式油气田,1998,9(3):14-19
[31]张运东,薛红兵,朱如凯,等.国内外隐蔽油气藏勘探现状[J].中国石油勘探,2005,10(3):64-68
[32]刘兴材,杨申镳.济阳复式油气区形成条件及分布规律.成都理工学院学报,1998,25(2):276-284
[33] Fisher W.L. and J.H.McGowen. Depositonal systems in the Willcox Grpoup of Texas and their relayionship to occurrence of oil and gas. Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies.1967,v.17,P.105-125