城市矿山区景观化再生方法
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摘要
为了系统性的解决城市矿山在矿产资源枯竭之后所产生的多方面问题,并使矿山与城市在“环境、社会、经济”等层面取得可持续发展。本研究以“景观规划设计”的角度,结合“安徽省铜陵市大铜官山地区”的案例,针对城市矿山区景观化再生的理论、方法与实证进行研究。通过城市矿山区的“现状环境分析评价”与矿山景观环境的“保护、恢复、再利用”等步骤,建构“城市矿山区景观化再生方法体系”。
对于城市矿山区现状环境的分析评价,本研究是以“矿山环境敏感度评价”作为核心,总结提出了结合矿山现状环境评价内容的界定、矿山环境敏感度的分级、矿山现状环境的综合评价等三个部分的“城市矿山区现状环境三阶段分析评价体系”。
通过矿山现状环境分析评价的结果,能够识别出城市矿山区的环境资源以及受到污染和破坏的区域。并且,还可以对于矿山景观环境当中,适宜进行开发再利用的范围进行界定。
城市矿山区的环境资源,可以分为“生态环境与工业文化遗产”两种类型。对于矿山生态环境,本研究通过“生态保护区、生态廊道、生态战略点”等三种元素的进行规划。并且利用“生态流”将矿山与城市的生态系统进行串联,以促使矿山与城市的生态环境质量能够同步提升。
在矿山工业文化遗产的部份,本研究提出了“群体式保护”的概念,通过各个矿山工业文化遗产的保护与整合,来延续城市矿山区的历史记忆,并且丰富城市的文化多样性。
城市矿山区景观环境的恢复,是以“保障生态环境安全”作为原则进行开展。首先是对不同类型的矿山景观环境恢复区进行区划,并依据不同恢复区的特性拟定恢复策略,使得受损的矿山环境能够获得改善。
其次针对城市矿山区潜在的地质灾害进行防治,通过地质灾害区的区划、控管与突发性地质灾害的应变体系建立,来落实矿山环境安全,以此作为未来矿山景观环境再利用的基础。
城市矿山区景观环境再利用,是以“旅游游憩产业”作为发展核心。首先,通过发展旅游游憩产业的适宜性评价,以及旅游游憩的客源市场定位出发。其次,以矿山生态博物馆的建设以及公众参与矿山景观环境再利用作为基础,通过“矿山工矿产业文化和矿山农业文化”的发展双主轴进行规划。
最后,针对“政府独资与民间参与”等矿山景观环境再利用的经营方式进行研究,此外还需建立有效监督、盈余回馈等机制,并且提供适当的就业机会,以保证矿山景观环境的可持续发展。
In order to systematically solve various problems confronting urban mines after mineral resources are exhausted, and to allow mines and cities to achieve sustainable development in respect of "environment, society and economy", this study is carried out on the theory, methodology and positivism of urban mined-land district landscaping regeneration from the angle of "landscape architecture" and based on the cases of "Da Tong Guan Shan area, Tongling, Anhui Province. An "urban mined-land district landscaping regeneration method system" will be built up by steps including "analysis and assessment of current environment" and "conservation, restoration and reuse of landscape environment in mines".
Regarding analysis and assessment of current environment in urban mined-land district, this study summarizes and proposes a "three-stage analysis and assessment system of current environment in urban mined-land district" integrating three parts namely definition of assessment scope of current environment in mines, classification of sensitivity of environment in mines and comprehensive assessment of current environment in mines around the core of "assessment of sensitivity of environment in mines".
By the result of analysis and assessment of current environment in mines, the environmental resources in urban mined-land district and the area polluted and damaged can be identified. The scope of landscape environment in mines suitable for development and reuse can also be defined.
The environmental resources in urban mined-land district can be classified as two types namely "ecological environment and industrial & cultural heritage". The ecological environment in mines is planned by three elements namely "ecological reserve, ecological corridor and ecological strategy point" in this study. Meanwhile, ecological systems of the mine and the city are linked up with "ecological flow" to improve the quality of ecological environment in the mine and the city simultaneously.
In the part of industrial and cultural heritage of the mine, the concept of "group conservation" is proposed in this study. Historical memory of urban mined-land district will be extended and cultural diversity in the city will be enriched by protection and integration of industrial and cultural heritage of mines.
Landscape environment in urban mined-land district will be restored in the principle of "securing safety of ecological environment". At first, restoration area of landscape environment in various mines will be zoned and restoration strategy will be prepared based on the characteristics of different restoration areas to improve the damaged environment in mines.
Secondly, potential geological hazards will be prevented and controlled in urban mined-land district. By zoning and controlling geological hazard area, and by establishing response system against abrupt geological hazards, safety of environment in mines will be ensured, which shall serve as a basis for reuse of landscape environment in mines in the future.
Reuse of landscape environment in urban mined-land district is developed around the core of "tourism and recreation industry". At first, the suitability for developing tourism and recreation industry shall be assessed and market of visitor source of tourism and recreation shall be oriented. Secondly, the planning shall be carried out by the double spindles of the development of "industry-and-mine industrial culture in the mine and agricultural culture in the mine" based on reconstruction of eco-museum in the mine and public participation in the reuse of landscape environment in the mine.
Last but not least, such operation mode of reuse of landscape environment in the mine as "governmental sole investment and private participation" shall be studied. Besides, mechanism for effective supervision and profit return shall be set up and proper employment opportunities shall be provided to ensure sustainable development of landscape environment in mines.
对于城市矿山区现状环境的分析评价,本研究是以“矿山环境敏感度评价”作为核心,总结提出了结合矿山现状环境评价内容的界定、矿山环境敏感度的分级、矿山现状环境的综合评价等三个部分的“城市矿山区现状环境三阶段分析评价体系”。
通过矿山现状环境分析评价的结果,能够识别出城市矿山区的环境资源以及受到污染和破坏的区域。并且,还可以对于矿山景观环境当中,适宜进行开发再利用的范围进行界定。
城市矿山区的环境资源,可以分为“生态环境与工业文化遗产”两种类型。对于矿山生态环境,本研究通过“生态保护区、生态廊道、生态战略点”等三种元素的进行规划。并且利用“生态流”将矿山与城市的生态系统进行串联,以促使矿山与城市的生态环境质量能够同步提升。
在矿山工业文化遗产的部份,本研究提出了“群体式保护”的概念,通过各个矿山工业文化遗产的保护与整合,来延续城市矿山区的历史记忆,并且丰富城市的文化多样性。
城市矿山区景观环境的恢复,是以“保障生态环境安全”作为原则进行开展。首先是对不同类型的矿山景观环境恢复区进行区划,并依据不同恢复区的特性拟定恢复策略,使得受损的矿山环境能够获得改善。
其次针对城市矿山区潜在的地质灾害进行防治,通过地质灾害区的区划、控管与突发性地质灾害的应变体系建立,来落实矿山环境安全,以此作为未来矿山景观环境再利用的基础。
城市矿山区景观环境再利用,是以“旅游游憩产业”作为发展核心。首先,通过发展旅游游憩产业的适宜性评价,以及旅游游憩的客源市场定位出发。其次,以矿山生态博物馆的建设以及公众参与矿山景观环境再利用作为基础,通过“矿山工矿产业文化和矿山农业文化”的发展双主轴进行规划。
最后,针对“政府独资与民间参与”等矿山景观环境再利用的经营方式进行研究,此外还需建立有效监督、盈余回馈等机制,并且提供适当的就业机会,以保证矿山景观环境的可持续发展。
In order to systematically solve various problems confronting urban mines after mineral resources are exhausted, and to allow mines and cities to achieve sustainable development in respect of "environment, society and economy", this study is carried out on the theory, methodology and positivism of urban mined-land district landscaping regeneration from the angle of "landscape architecture" and based on the cases of "Da Tong Guan Shan area, Tongling, Anhui Province. An "urban mined-land district landscaping regeneration method system" will be built up by steps including "analysis and assessment of current environment" and "conservation, restoration and reuse of landscape environment in mines".
Regarding analysis and assessment of current environment in urban mined-land district, this study summarizes and proposes a "three-stage analysis and assessment system of current environment in urban mined-land district" integrating three parts namely definition of assessment scope of current environment in mines, classification of sensitivity of environment in mines and comprehensive assessment of current environment in mines around the core of "assessment of sensitivity of environment in mines".
By the result of analysis and assessment of current environment in mines, the environmental resources in urban mined-land district and the area polluted and damaged can be identified. The scope of landscape environment in mines suitable for development and reuse can also be defined.
The environmental resources in urban mined-land district can be classified as two types namely "ecological environment and industrial & cultural heritage". The ecological environment in mines is planned by three elements namely "ecological reserve, ecological corridor and ecological strategy point" in this study. Meanwhile, ecological systems of the mine and the city are linked up with "ecological flow" to improve the quality of ecological environment in the mine and the city simultaneously.
In the part of industrial and cultural heritage of the mine, the concept of "group conservation" is proposed in this study. Historical memory of urban mined-land district will be extended and cultural diversity in the city will be enriched by protection and integration of industrial and cultural heritage of mines.
Landscape environment in urban mined-land district will be restored in the principle of "securing safety of ecological environment". At first, restoration area of landscape environment in various mines will be zoned and restoration strategy will be prepared based on the characteristics of different restoration areas to improve the damaged environment in mines.
Secondly, potential geological hazards will be prevented and controlled in urban mined-land district. By zoning and controlling geological hazard area, and by establishing response system against abrupt geological hazards, safety of environment in mines will be ensured, which shall serve as a basis for reuse of landscape environment in mines in the future.
Reuse of landscape environment in urban mined-land district is developed around the core of "tourism and recreation industry". At first, the suitability for developing tourism and recreation industry shall be assessed and market of visitor source of tourism and recreation shall be oriented. Secondly, the planning shall be carried out by the double spindles of the development of "industry-and-mine industrial culture in the mine and agricultural culture in the mine" based on reconstruction of eco-museum in the mine and public participation in the reuse of landscape environment in the mine.
Last but not least, such operation mode of reuse of landscape environment in the mine as "governmental sole investment and private participation" shall be studied. Besides, mechanism for effective supervision and profit return shall be set up and proper employment opportunities shall be provided to ensure sustainable development of landscape environment in mines.
引文
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