煤炭资源型城市产业转型能力构建与主导产业选择研究
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摘要
煤炭资源型城市是依托煤炭资源的开发和利用而兴建起来的城市，由于煤炭资源的可耗竭性和不可再生性，煤炭资源型城市都要面临可持续发展的严峻挑战，为了应对煤炭资源日趋枯竭，实现经济可持续发展，煤炭资源型城市都在积极的进行产业转型。本文以煤炭资源型城市为研究对象，通过其产业转型能力构建、主导产业选择以及政策保障体系的系统研究，为煤炭资源型城市产业转型提供理论指导和实践借鉴。
本文首先界定了煤炭资源型城市的内涵，分析了其具备的特征，探讨了煤炭资源型城市发展困境。接着识别了煤炭资源型城市产业的构成系统，分析了其产业的结构特征以及产业发展的生命周期规律、收益递减规律以及产业衰亡不可逆转规律。在此基础上，结合对产业转型相关理论和产业转型实现过程的分析，构建了煤炭资源型城市产业转型的理论分析模型，为煤炭资源型城市产业转型的研究提供指导。
煤炭资源型城市要成功实现产业转型离不开内在产业转型能力的支撑，本文界定了煤炭资源型城市产业转型能力的内涵，分析了产业转型能力的过程性、系统性和动态开放性等特征，在此基础上，从煤炭资源型城市产业转型过程的角度，根据产业转型涉及内容，对产业转型能力的构成进行了识别分析，构建了产业转型能力系统，根据各能力构成要素涉及内容，构建了各能力的评价指标体系。给出了煤炭资源型城市产业转型能力评价方法，具体构建了产业转型能力的模糊综合评价模型和构成要素协同性评价模型，用以评价煤炭资源型城市产业转型能力水平和各构成要素之间的协同性水平。
煤炭资源型城市主导产业的备选集应当是适合城市发展且有发展潜力的一类产业集合。本文提出主导产业备选集确立的四个标准：所选产业应该发展潜力大、盈利能力强；产业的影响力大，能带动就业及相关产业的发展；选定的产业要与煤炭资源型城市的比较优势相一致；要符合能源节约型和环境友好型的标准。根据以上标准，从产业发展潜力、产业影响力、比较优势及低碳等四个不同选择视角对各行业进行了测度，并根据测算的结果进行了分析，确定了煤炭资源型城市主导产业的备选集。
从主导产业发展、旧产业退出以及转型机构和环境等方面研究煤炭资源型城市产业转型的政策保障体系。分析了主导产业发展的政策保障，主要有产权制度保障、企业制度保障、产业技术政策保障、财税及投融资政策保障等。接着分析了旧产业的退出援助政策保障，这方面的政策主要有资源开发补偿政策与衰退产业援助政策、下岗职工再就业政策保障等。从转型机构和转型环境的角度分析了产业转型的其他政策保障，具体包括产业转型机构专门化、产业转型硬环境保障、产业转型软环境保障等。
最后，本文对七台河市产业转型进行实证研究。首先描述了七台河市三大产业的发展轨迹，接着运用构建的产业转型能力评价模型对七台河市产业转型能力进行了评价，并与省内外其他煤炭城市做了对比，对七台河市未来发展的主导产业进行了选择，为七台河市产业转型提出了政策保障措施。
Coal-mining cities are built up relying on the development of coal resources,due to the coal resource depletion and non-renewable, coal-mining cities have toconfront the serious challenge of sustainable development. In response to thecoal resource depleting, and to achieve economic sustainable development,coal-mining cities are active in industrial Transition. This paper studies onindustrial transition capacity construction, the leading industry selection andpolicy support system of coal-mining cities, to provide theoretical guidance andpractical reference for industrial transition of coal-mining cities.
The paper first defines the connotation of coal-mining cities, and analyzesthe characteristics and the development predicament of the cities. Then identifiesthe composition of the industrial system of coal-mining cities, and makesanalysis of the structural characteristics of their industries, law of industrialdevelopment life cycle, law of returns diminishing and irreversible law ofindustrial decline. On this basis, combined with industrial transition theory andthe analysis of industries transition process, this paper builds the theoreticalframework for analysis of industrial transition of coal-mining cities, to provideguidance for the research on industrial transition of coal-mining cities.
In order to achieve success of industrial transition, coal-mining cities cannot be separated from the inner industrial transition capacity’s support. Thispaper defines connotation of industrial transition capacity of coal-mining citiesand analyzes the process, systematic, dynamic and open characteristics of thecapacity, on this basis, from the perspective of the coal-mining cities’ industrialtransition process, according to involving contents of industry transition, toidentify the composition of the industrial transition capacity, build the constitutesystem of industrial transition capacity. According to the contents of the elementsinvolved, evaluation index system of each capacity is built. The methods forevaluating industrial transition capacity of coal-mining cities are proposed,including fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of industrial transition capacity and synergistic evaluation model of constitute elements, in order to evaluate thelevel of industrial transition capacity and the synergistic level of constituteelements.
Leading industries alternative set of coal-mining cities should be theindustrial set which is suitable for urban development and has developmentpotential. In this paper, the four criteria for establishing alternative set of leadingindustries: selected industries should develop with great potential andprofitability; the influence of the industry is large, can stimulate employment andthe development of related industries; selected industry should be consistent withthe comparative advantage of coal-mining cities; to meet the energy saving andenvironment-friendly standards. Based on the above criteria, from the fourdifferent perspectives: industrial development potential, industry influence,comparative advantage, and low-carbon to evaluate each industry, and accordingto the results of the calculation to determine Leading industries alternative set ofcoal-mining cities.
From the development of leading industries, the old industrial exit andtransition agencies and environmental, the industrial transition policy supportsystems of coal-mining cities are proposed. The policies for the development ofleading industries are analyzed, including property rights protection, enterprisesystem support, industrial technology policies, taxation and investment andfinancing policies. And then the policies for old industry exit assistance areanalyzed, which include compensation policies for resources development anddeclining industries assistance policies, laid-off workers re-employment policies.Finally, from the view of transition institutions and transition environment,analyses the other policies for industrial transition, including the industrialtransition institutions specialization, hard environment and soft environmentsuppot policies.
Finally, this paper conducts empirical research on the industrial transition ofQitaihe city. First describes the development path of its three major industries,then with the industrial transition capacity evaluation model to evluate theindustrial transition capacity of Qitaihe city and compares it with the other coal cities both in and out of the province, selects the leading industries for Qitaihecity and proposes the policy support measures for industrial transition of Qitaihecity.
本文首先界定了煤炭资源型城市的内涵，分析了其具备的特征，探讨了煤炭资源型城市发展困境。接着识别了煤炭资源型城市产业的构成系统，分析了其产业的结构特征以及产业发展的生命周期规律、收益递减规律以及产业衰亡不可逆转规律。在此基础上，结合对产业转型相关理论和产业转型实现过程的分析，构建了煤炭资源型城市产业转型的理论分析模型，为煤炭资源型城市产业转型的研究提供指导。
煤炭资源型城市要成功实现产业转型离不开内在产业转型能力的支撑，本文界定了煤炭资源型城市产业转型能力的内涵，分析了产业转型能力的过程性、系统性和动态开放性等特征，在此基础上，从煤炭资源型城市产业转型过程的角度，根据产业转型涉及内容，对产业转型能力的构成进行了识别分析，构建了产业转型能力系统，根据各能力构成要素涉及内容，构建了各能力的评价指标体系。给出了煤炭资源型城市产业转型能力评价方法，具体构建了产业转型能力的模糊综合评价模型和构成要素协同性评价模型，用以评价煤炭资源型城市产业转型能力水平和各构成要素之间的协同性水平。
煤炭资源型城市主导产业的备选集应当是适合城市发展且有发展潜力的一类产业集合。本文提出主导产业备选集确立的四个标准：所选产业应该发展潜力大、盈利能力强；产业的影响力大，能带动就业及相关产业的发展；选定的产业要与煤炭资源型城市的比较优势相一致；要符合能源节约型和环境友好型的标准。根据以上标准，从产业发展潜力、产业影响力、比较优势及低碳等四个不同选择视角对各行业进行了测度，并根据测算的结果进行了分析，确定了煤炭资源型城市主导产业的备选集。
从主导产业发展、旧产业退出以及转型机构和环境等方面研究煤炭资源型城市产业转型的政策保障体系。分析了主导产业发展的政策保障，主要有产权制度保障、企业制度保障、产业技术政策保障、财税及投融资政策保障等。接着分析了旧产业的退出援助政策保障，这方面的政策主要有资源开发补偿政策与衰退产业援助政策、下岗职工再就业政策保障等。从转型机构和转型环境的角度分析了产业转型的其他政策保障，具体包括产业转型机构专门化、产业转型硬环境保障、产业转型软环境保障等。
最后，本文对七台河市产业转型进行实证研究。首先描述了七台河市三大产业的发展轨迹，接着运用构建的产业转型能力评价模型对七台河市产业转型能力进行了评价，并与省内外其他煤炭城市做了对比，对七台河市未来发展的主导产业进行了选择，为七台河市产业转型提出了政策保障措施。
Coal-mining cities are built up relying on the development of coal resources,due to the coal resource depletion and non-renewable, coal-mining cities have toconfront the serious challenge of sustainable development. In response to thecoal resource depleting, and to achieve economic sustainable development,coal-mining cities are active in industrial Transition. This paper studies onindustrial transition capacity construction, the leading industry selection andpolicy support system of coal-mining cities, to provide theoretical guidance andpractical reference for industrial transition of coal-mining cities.
The paper first defines the connotation of coal-mining cities, and analyzesthe characteristics and the development predicament of the cities. Then identifiesthe composition of the industrial system of coal-mining cities, and makesanalysis of the structural characteristics of their industries, law of industrialdevelopment life cycle, law of returns diminishing and irreversible law ofindustrial decline. On this basis, combined with industrial transition theory andthe analysis of industries transition process, this paper builds the theoreticalframework for analysis of industrial transition of coal-mining cities, to provideguidance for the research on industrial transition of coal-mining cities.
In order to achieve success of industrial transition, coal-mining cities cannot be separated from the inner industrial transition capacity’s support. Thispaper defines connotation of industrial transition capacity of coal-mining citiesand analyzes the process, systematic, dynamic and open characteristics of thecapacity, on this basis, from the perspective of the coal-mining cities’ industrialtransition process, according to involving contents of industry transition, toidentify the composition of the industrial transition capacity, build the constitutesystem of industrial transition capacity. According to the contents of the elementsinvolved, evaluation index system of each capacity is built. The methods forevaluating industrial transition capacity of coal-mining cities are proposed,including fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of industrial transition capacity and synergistic evaluation model of constitute elements, in order to evaluate thelevel of industrial transition capacity and the synergistic level of constituteelements.
Leading industries alternative set of coal-mining cities should be theindustrial set which is suitable for urban development and has developmentpotential. In this paper, the four criteria for establishing alternative set of leadingindustries: selected industries should develop with great potential andprofitability; the influence of the industry is large, can stimulate employment andthe development of related industries; selected industry should be consistent withthe comparative advantage of coal-mining cities; to meet the energy saving andenvironment-friendly standards. Based on the above criteria, from the fourdifferent perspectives: industrial development potential, industry influence,comparative advantage, and low-carbon to evaluate each industry, and accordingto the results of the calculation to determine Leading industries alternative set ofcoal-mining cities.
From the development of leading industries, the old industrial exit andtransition agencies and environmental, the industrial transition policy supportsystems of coal-mining cities are proposed. The policies for the development ofleading industries are analyzed, including property rights protection, enterprisesystem support, industrial technology policies, taxation and investment andfinancing policies. And then the policies for old industry exit assistance areanalyzed, which include compensation policies for resources development anddeclining industries assistance policies, laid-off workers re-employment policies.Finally, from the view of transition institutions and transition environment,analyses the other policies for industrial transition, including the industrialtransition institutions specialization, hard environment and soft environmentsuppot policies.
Finally, this paper conducts empirical research on the industrial transition ofQitaihe city. First describes the development path of its three major industries,then with the industrial transition capacity evaluation model to evluate theindustrial transition capacity of Qitaihe city and compares it with the other coal cities both in and out of the province, selects the leading industries for Qitaihecity and proposes the policy support measures for industrial transition of Qitaihecity.
引文
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