城市化与城市生态安全耦合研究
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摘要
大力提高城市化水平是许多发展中国家的首选战略,然而快速城市化引发的生态环境问题却令人担忧,生态环境安全已经引起了国际社会的高度关注。城市化与城市生态环境存在复杂的耦合与胁迫关系,这种交互耦合关系是一个开放的、非平衡的,具有非线性相互作用和自组织能力的动态涨落系统。如何协调城市化与生态环境的关系问题成为学术界和政府决策部门关注的重大问题。
当前,国内外不同专业背景的学者,从自己从事的专业和研究领域出发,城市化与城市生态安全方面的研究主要倾向于城市发展的应用研究、城市内部生态环境、城市生态系统以及城市生态安全脆弱性评价等方面,而很少从生态环境安全多约束条件的角度,将城市化过程与生态环境安全相应过程时空耦合有机结合起来进行基础性研究,很少从城市内部分析城市化质的时空差异、城市生态安全的时空差异、城市化与城市生态安全耦合的时空差异。
大连市位于中国东北的最南端,东临黄海,西邻渤海,南与山东半岛隔海相望,北与东北大陆相连,是一座三面环海的半岛城市。伴随着东北老工业基地振兴与辽宁省滨海经济带开发,城市化发展迅速,给原有的生态环境增加了更大的压力。论文以城市化与生态环境相互作用为主线,以地理学、环境科学、地理信息科学、生态学和社会学等学科的相关理论为支撑,采用理论研究与实证分析相结合的方法,深入研究大连市城市化进程与生态环境安全相互作用的基础上,实证研究城市化与生态环境安全之间的时空交互耦合机制及其规律性,并在此基础上,探索解决城市化与生态环境安全之间矛盾的方法和提出大连城市与生态环境安全可持续发展的对策措施。论文研究的主要内容:
(1)城市化与城市化测度研究
对城市化的狭隘认识导致城市化和城市化测度研究落后于城市化的发展。主要表现在下面几个方面:城市地表过程营力一城市化研究存在概念上的误区;城市化水平测度缺乏统一的、综合性的指标体系;缺乏对城市立体增长的系统性定量研究;中心城区城市化的系统化、定量化研究亟待加强。对城市化的理论与城市化的测度研究是论文研究的重点部分。
(2)城市生态安全与城市生态评价
城市生态系统是一个复杂的大系统,内部各种条件因素相互联系,相互作用,为了尽可能理清各因素之间的关系,论文采用DPSIRM模型框架研究城市生态安全状况。DPSIRM模型(Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Management,驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应-管理)是一种因果网络模型,是论文研究的重要部分。
(3)空间信息矢量网格系统
空间信息矢量网格SIVG,结合时空耦合评价模型是研究城市化、城市生态安全、及城市化与城市生态安全时空耦合研究的基础,是论文研究的重要内容。
(4)城市化与城市生态安全耦合模型
城市化与生态环境耦合协调度就是衡量城市不同发展阶段,在城市发展这一大系统中,城市与生态环境这两个子系统的耦合程度,是论文的核心部分内容。
(5)多约束性地理元胞自动机(Cellular Automata,CA)与城市化、城市生态安全
利用多约束性地理元胞自动机CA与GIS结合来模拟城市化与城市生态安全空间演变,通过一定的约束条件来调控和优化城市的发展,技术可行性好,同时具有重要的现实意义。多约束性地理元胞自动机CA结合GIS与城市化与城市生态安全耦合是论文研究的核心部分内容。
(6)城市化与城市生态安全耦合与城市可持续发展研究
通过大连市城市化与城市生态安全耦合特征,为城市的可持续发展提供空间决策和智力支持,是论文研究的重要内容。
To greatly promote urbanization is a preferred strategy in many developing countries, but the ecological problems caused by rapid urbanization concern the society. Ecological security has drawn high attention of the international community. There is a coupling and coercive relationship between urbanization and urban ecological environment. This kind of cross-coupling relation can be regarded as an on-limits and non-equilibrium dynamic fluctuating system with non-linear interaction and self-organization capability. How to coordinate the relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment has become a major concern for academic communities and government decision-making departments.
At present, scholars of different professional backgrounds, from both home and aboard, tend to focus their studies in this field from the following aspects like applied research of urban development, internal city ecological environment, urban ecological system and evaluation of urban ecological security vulnerability. Few of them combine and couple spatially and temporally the process of urbanization and the corresponding process of ecological security together, from the aspect of multi-constraints to eco-environmental safety, and do elementary studies in this field. And few do analyses from the internal of the city the spatial and temporal differences of urban quality, urban ecological security, and coupling between urbanization and urban ecological security.
Dalian City, which is located at the southern tip of Northeast China, neighboring the Yellow Sea to the east and Bohai Sea to the west, facing Shandong Peninsula across the sea, connected to Northeast China, is a peninsula city surrounded on three sides by the sea. Along with the revival of northeast old industrial base and the development of the coastal economic belt in Liaoning Province, the city is enjoying a fast urbanization, which has brought greater stress to the original ecological environment. Taking the mutual effects of urbanization and ecological environment as main thread, correlative theories of geography, environmental science, geographic information science, ecology and sociology, etc as support, this thesis adopts a combination method of theoretical research and empirical analysis, and on the basis of studying the mutual effects of urbanization of Dalian City and its ecological security, studies empirically space-time mutual coupling mechanism between urbanization and ecological security as well as its regularity. And on this basis, the thesis attempts to propose solutions to the conflicts between urbanization and ecological security, and realize the corresponding measures of Dalian for a sustainable development of both the city and its ecological security. This thesis mainly discusses:
(1) Research of Urbanization and Urbanization Measurement
The narrow understanding of urbanization lead to the fact that the research of urbanization and urbanization measurement is much behind the development of urbanization. It can be seen from the following aspects: urban surface process camp strength - the misunderstandings in the concept of urbanization; lack of a unified and comprehensive indicator system for urbanization measurement; lack of a systematic quantitative research of the three-dimensional growth of the city; the systematic, quantitative research of urbanization of central urban area should be strengthened. Search on theories of urbanization and its measurement is the focus of this thesis.
(2)Urban ecological security and urban ecological evaluation
Urban ecosystem is a complex and large-scale system, inside witch the factors and conditions are connected with and affect each other. In order to make the relationship between various factors as clear as it could be, the thesis adopts the DPSIRM model to study the urban ecological security situation. DPSIRM model that is Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Management, the driving force - pressure - state - impact - response - Management, is a causal network model, and is an important part in the thesis.
(3) Spatial Information Vector Gird System
Spatial information vector gird, combined with spatial and temporal coupling evaluation model, is the basis of the research of urbanization, urban ecological security, and spatial-temporal coupling research of urbanization and urban ecological security. It is also an important part of this thesis.
(4) Urbanization and urban ecological security coupled model
The degree of coupling between urbanization and ecological environment is to measure the coupling degree of the two sub-systems: the city and the ecological environment in the large system of the city's development in its different stages, which is the core of the thesis.
(5) Cellular Automata and urbanization, urban ecological security
To take advantage of the combination of CA and GIS to imitate the spatial evolution of urbanization and urban ecological security, and to control and optimize the city's development through certain constraints and conditions is feasible technically and of great practical significance. This is also the core content of the thesis.
(6)Research of coupling between urbanization and urban ecological security, the sustainable development of the city
Based on the coupling features of urbanization and ecological security of Dalian City, to provide decision-making and intellectual support for the city's sustainable development is an important part of this thesis.
当前,国内外不同专业背景的学者,从自己从事的专业和研究领域出发,城市化与城市生态安全方面的研究主要倾向于城市发展的应用研究、城市内部生态环境、城市生态系统以及城市生态安全脆弱性评价等方面,而很少从生态环境安全多约束条件的角度,将城市化过程与生态环境安全相应过程时空耦合有机结合起来进行基础性研究,很少从城市内部分析城市化质的时空差异、城市生态安全的时空差异、城市化与城市生态安全耦合的时空差异。
大连市位于中国东北的最南端,东临黄海,西邻渤海,南与山东半岛隔海相望,北与东北大陆相连,是一座三面环海的半岛城市。伴随着东北老工业基地振兴与辽宁省滨海经济带开发,城市化发展迅速,给原有的生态环境增加了更大的压力。论文以城市化与生态环境相互作用为主线,以地理学、环境科学、地理信息科学、生态学和社会学等学科的相关理论为支撑,采用理论研究与实证分析相结合的方法,深入研究大连市城市化进程与生态环境安全相互作用的基础上,实证研究城市化与生态环境安全之间的时空交互耦合机制及其规律性,并在此基础上,探索解决城市化与生态环境安全之间矛盾的方法和提出大连城市与生态环境安全可持续发展的对策措施。论文研究的主要内容:
(1)城市化与城市化测度研究
对城市化的狭隘认识导致城市化和城市化测度研究落后于城市化的发展。主要表现在下面几个方面:城市地表过程营力一城市化研究存在概念上的误区;城市化水平测度缺乏统一的、综合性的指标体系;缺乏对城市立体增长的系统性定量研究;中心城区城市化的系统化、定量化研究亟待加强。对城市化的理论与城市化的测度研究是论文研究的重点部分。
(2)城市生态安全与城市生态评价
城市生态系统是一个复杂的大系统,内部各种条件因素相互联系,相互作用,为了尽可能理清各因素之间的关系,论文采用DPSIRM模型框架研究城市生态安全状况。DPSIRM模型(Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Management,驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应-管理)是一种因果网络模型,是论文研究的重要部分。
(3)空间信息矢量网格系统
空间信息矢量网格SIVG,结合时空耦合评价模型是研究城市化、城市生态安全、及城市化与城市生态安全时空耦合研究的基础,是论文研究的重要内容。
(4)城市化与城市生态安全耦合模型
城市化与生态环境耦合协调度就是衡量城市不同发展阶段,在城市发展这一大系统中,城市与生态环境这两个子系统的耦合程度,是论文的核心部分内容。
(5)多约束性地理元胞自动机(Cellular Automata,CA)与城市化、城市生态安全
利用多约束性地理元胞自动机CA与GIS结合来模拟城市化与城市生态安全空间演变,通过一定的约束条件来调控和优化城市的发展,技术可行性好,同时具有重要的现实意义。多约束性地理元胞自动机CA结合GIS与城市化与城市生态安全耦合是论文研究的核心部分内容。
(6)城市化与城市生态安全耦合与城市可持续发展研究
通过大连市城市化与城市生态安全耦合特征,为城市的可持续发展提供空间决策和智力支持,是论文研究的重要内容。
To greatly promote urbanization is a preferred strategy in many developing countries, but the ecological problems caused by rapid urbanization concern the society. Ecological security has drawn high attention of the international community. There is a coupling and coercive relationship between urbanization and urban ecological environment. This kind of cross-coupling relation can be regarded as an on-limits and non-equilibrium dynamic fluctuating system with non-linear interaction and self-organization capability. How to coordinate the relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment has become a major concern for academic communities and government decision-making departments.
At present, scholars of different professional backgrounds, from both home and aboard, tend to focus their studies in this field from the following aspects like applied research of urban development, internal city ecological environment, urban ecological system and evaluation of urban ecological security vulnerability. Few of them combine and couple spatially and temporally the process of urbanization and the corresponding process of ecological security together, from the aspect of multi-constraints to eco-environmental safety, and do elementary studies in this field. And few do analyses from the internal of the city the spatial and temporal differences of urban quality, urban ecological security, and coupling between urbanization and urban ecological security.
Dalian City, which is located at the southern tip of Northeast China, neighboring the Yellow Sea to the east and Bohai Sea to the west, facing Shandong Peninsula across the sea, connected to Northeast China, is a peninsula city surrounded on three sides by the sea. Along with the revival of northeast old industrial base and the development of the coastal economic belt in Liaoning Province, the city is enjoying a fast urbanization, which has brought greater stress to the original ecological environment. Taking the mutual effects of urbanization and ecological environment as main thread, correlative theories of geography, environmental science, geographic information science, ecology and sociology, etc as support, this thesis adopts a combination method of theoretical research and empirical analysis, and on the basis of studying the mutual effects of urbanization of Dalian City and its ecological security, studies empirically space-time mutual coupling mechanism between urbanization and ecological security as well as its regularity. And on this basis, the thesis attempts to propose solutions to the conflicts between urbanization and ecological security, and realize the corresponding measures of Dalian for a sustainable development of both the city and its ecological security. This thesis mainly discusses:
(1) Research of Urbanization and Urbanization Measurement
The narrow understanding of urbanization lead to the fact that the research of urbanization and urbanization measurement is much behind the development of urbanization. It can be seen from the following aspects: urban surface process camp strength - the misunderstandings in the concept of urbanization; lack of a unified and comprehensive indicator system for urbanization measurement; lack of a systematic quantitative research of the three-dimensional growth of the city; the systematic, quantitative research of urbanization of central urban area should be strengthened. Search on theories of urbanization and its measurement is the focus of this thesis.
(2)Urban ecological security and urban ecological evaluation
Urban ecosystem is a complex and large-scale system, inside witch the factors and conditions are connected with and affect each other. In order to make the relationship between various factors as clear as it could be, the thesis adopts the DPSIRM model to study the urban ecological security situation. DPSIRM model that is Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Management, the driving force - pressure - state - impact - response - Management, is a causal network model, and is an important part in the thesis.
(3) Spatial Information Vector Gird System
Spatial information vector gird, combined with spatial and temporal coupling evaluation model, is the basis of the research of urbanization, urban ecological security, and spatial-temporal coupling research of urbanization and urban ecological security. It is also an important part of this thesis.
(4) Urbanization and urban ecological security coupled model
The degree of coupling between urbanization and ecological environment is to measure the coupling degree of the two sub-systems: the city and the ecological environment in the large system of the city's development in its different stages, which is the core of the thesis.
(5) Cellular Automata and urbanization, urban ecological security
To take advantage of the combination of CA and GIS to imitate the spatial evolution of urbanization and urban ecological security, and to control and optimize the city's development through certain constraints and conditions is feasible technically and of great practical significance. This is also the core content of the thesis.
(6)Research of coupling between urbanization and urban ecological security, the sustainable development of the city
Based on the coupling features of urbanization and ecological security of Dalian City, to provide decision-making and intellectual support for the city's sustainable development is an important part of this thesis.
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