基于多重分析的山东省水土保持生态功能区划研究
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摘要
本研究借助遥感、GIS等手段,对山东省土壤侵蚀环境、土壤侵蚀敏感性、生态风险、生态服务功能进行了深入分析。并通过综合评价和叠置方法,对山东省水土保持生态功能区进行了划分。在数据处理与分析上采用多学科、多技术融合的定量分析与定性描述方法,综合运用了交叉学科理论,具有多重复合的特征,可为国内甚至国际同类研究所借鉴。该研究在全国具有重要的带头和示范作用。
研究表明,土壤侵蚀是多种环境因子微观作用下形成的宏观效应。地形、地质、地貌类型、植被、降雨等因素均对土壤侵蚀具有一定的作用。在地貌类型上,由外动力引起的土壤侵蚀存在着较大差异。植被在土壤侵蚀中发挥着重要的指示作用。径流小区观测资料显示,坡度、坡长、植被和雨强对径流量和侵蚀力产生显著影响。
全省存在不同程度的土壤侵蚀敏感性。从地区分布来,土壤侵蚀敏感性综合指数在4.0以上,即土壤侵蚀敏感性为高度敏感、极敏感的地区,主要分布在鲁中南山区、胶东低山丘陵区和黄泛平原区。各市土壤侵蚀敏感性综合指数平均值介于2.70～3.73之间,平均值为3.10。土壤侵蚀敏感性与土壤侵蚀强度具有一定正相关性。
全省生态风险指数平均值为0.36,属于中等风险、较低风险和低风险型。从土地利用类型上看,工矿交通建设用地的风险等级较高,林地的生态风险等级相对来说是最低的。这表明,人类活动对区域生态环境影响密切。
全省耕地、林地、草地和水域四种土地利用类型折合生态价值152927.27万元,单位面积生态价值达到1.357万元。在各市中,临沂市和烟台市所占比重最大。全省生物多样性保护极重要地区主要位于胶东半岛的低山丘陵和鲁中南山区的中部。总体来说,山东省生态服务功能极重要地区集中分布于鲁中山区,重要地区为黄河三角洲,中等重要地区主要为鲁中山区和胶东丘陵区森林植被较好的地区,比较重要的地区为湖泊、水库、河流等湿地。
山东省水土保持生态功能区共划分出3个一级区、11个二级区和69个三级区(亚区)。积极推进封山育林,加强水土保持林和水源涵养林建设和保护,防止生态环境破坏和生态功能退化是各功能区水土保持工作的主要任务。
The research,in virtue of multiple methods such as RS and GIS,deeply explored the environment of soil erosion,susceptibility of soil erosion,ecological risk,and ecological service function.It,making better use of comprehensive assessment and the overlapping method,classified ecological functional regions of soil and water conservation in Shandong Province.In the processes of dealing with data and analyzing samples,a method of quantitative analysis and qualitative description,combined with the interdisciplinary subjects and multiple techniques,was utilized successfully with a feature of multiple overlapping,which could be used for reference of inner or outer peers in similar research fields.This research is the foremost leading product for the whole country.
It shows that soil erosion is a macroscopic aftermath under the microcosmic effect of multiple environmental factors interacting with each other.A series of factors such as terrain,geology, physiographic types,vegetation,rainfall exert significant influence on soil erosion.At the aspect of physiographic types,there are apparent differences in soil erosion which is mainly aroused by external forces.Vegetations play an important indicating effect in the environment of soil erosion.Typical analysis of observational data from test plots indicated the magnitude of soil erosion is significantly correlative with factors like the length and angle of slope,vegetation types and rainfall intensity.
There are various degrees of the susceptibilities of soil erosion in Shandong Province.From the distribution of all cities,the regions whose comprehensive index of the susceptibility of soil erosion is more than 4.0(namely high and extreme susceptive regions) are mainly distributed in Lu Mid-south mountains and Jiaodong Low mountains as well as in Lu Northwest sandy plains.The value of comprehensive index for the susceptibility of soil erosion in all cities is intervenient 2.70～3.73,with a mean value of 3.10.The susceptibility of soil erosion is positively correlative with the intensity of soil erosion.
The mean ecological risking index in Shandong Province is 0.36,which implies that it belongs to mid-degree deflect to low risked types.Within all risked types,fairly low risked type is the most important feature.From the viewpoint of land-use type,the regions with constructive and people's living have high ecological risk,on the contrary,the ecological risk of forestry land is correspondingly the lowest.It indicates human activity has a significant influence on local ecological environment.
In Shandong Province,the function of four types of land-use such as infield、forest land、grassland and water area which is converted into ecological value is approximately 15.3 billion CHN Yuan,the value of unit area is about 13.6 thousands CHN Yuan.During all cities,the highest proportion of the ecological value is wined by cities Linyi and Yantai.The rare important regions of creature diversity are mainly located at low hills of Jiandong peninsula and middle part of Lu Mid-south mountains.In general,the most important regions of ecological service function in Shandong Province are centralized at Luzhong mountains,the general important regions is located in Yellow River Delta.
According to the above results and on the basis of other basal materials,it finally plots out 3 first-class、11 second-class and 69 third-class ecological function regions of soil and water conservation over the proince.Effectively to promote the project of enclosing and constructing forestry,reinforce the construction and protection of the forestry of soil and water conservation and the forestry of self-restraint water resource,so as to keep from the destruction of environment and the degradation of ecological function,this has become the main task for soil and water conservation in all regions of ecological function.
研究表明,土壤侵蚀是多种环境因子微观作用下形成的宏观效应。地形、地质、地貌类型、植被、降雨等因素均对土壤侵蚀具有一定的作用。在地貌类型上,由外动力引起的土壤侵蚀存在着较大差异。植被在土壤侵蚀中发挥着重要的指示作用。径流小区观测资料显示,坡度、坡长、植被和雨强对径流量和侵蚀力产生显著影响。
全省存在不同程度的土壤侵蚀敏感性。从地区分布来,土壤侵蚀敏感性综合指数在4.0以上,即土壤侵蚀敏感性为高度敏感、极敏感的地区,主要分布在鲁中南山区、胶东低山丘陵区和黄泛平原区。各市土壤侵蚀敏感性综合指数平均值介于2.70～3.73之间,平均值为3.10。土壤侵蚀敏感性与土壤侵蚀强度具有一定正相关性。
全省生态风险指数平均值为0.36,属于中等风险、较低风险和低风险型。从土地利用类型上看,工矿交通建设用地的风险等级较高,林地的生态风险等级相对来说是最低的。这表明,人类活动对区域生态环境影响密切。
全省耕地、林地、草地和水域四种土地利用类型折合生态价值152927.27万元,单位面积生态价值达到1.357万元。在各市中,临沂市和烟台市所占比重最大。全省生物多样性保护极重要地区主要位于胶东半岛的低山丘陵和鲁中南山区的中部。总体来说,山东省生态服务功能极重要地区集中分布于鲁中山区,重要地区为黄河三角洲,中等重要地区主要为鲁中山区和胶东丘陵区森林植被较好的地区,比较重要的地区为湖泊、水库、河流等湿地。
山东省水土保持生态功能区共划分出3个一级区、11个二级区和69个三级区(亚区)。积极推进封山育林,加强水土保持林和水源涵养林建设和保护,防止生态环境破坏和生态功能退化是各功能区水土保持工作的主要任务。
The research,in virtue of multiple methods such as RS and GIS,deeply explored the environment of soil erosion,susceptibility of soil erosion,ecological risk,and ecological service function.It,making better use of comprehensive assessment and the overlapping method,classified ecological functional regions of soil and water conservation in Shandong Province.In the processes of dealing with data and analyzing samples,a method of quantitative analysis and qualitative description,combined with the interdisciplinary subjects and multiple techniques,was utilized successfully with a feature of multiple overlapping,which could be used for reference of inner or outer peers in similar research fields.This research is the foremost leading product for the whole country.
It shows that soil erosion is a macroscopic aftermath under the microcosmic effect of multiple environmental factors interacting with each other.A series of factors such as terrain,geology, physiographic types,vegetation,rainfall exert significant influence on soil erosion.At the aspect of physiographic types,there are apparent differences in soil erosion which is mainly aroused by external forces.Vegetations play an important indicating effect in the environment of soil erosion.Typical analysis of observational data from test plots indicated the magnitude of soil erosion is significantly correlative with factors like the length and angle of slope,vegetation types and rainfall intensity.
There are various degrees of the susceptibilities of soil erosion in Shandong Province.From the distribution of all cities,the regions whose comprehensive index of the susceptibility of soil erosion is more than 4.0(namely high and extreme susceptive regions) are mainly distributed in Lu Mid-south mountains and Jiaodong Low mountains as well as in Lu Northwest sandy plains.The value of comprehensive index for the susceptibility of soil erosion in all cities is intervenient 2.70～3.73,with a mean value of 3.10.The susceptibility of soil erosion is positively correlative with the intensity of soil erosion.
The mean ecological risking index in Shandong Province is 0.36,which implies that it belongs to mid-degree deflect to low risked types.Within all risked types,fairly low risked type is the most important feature.From the viewpoint of land-use type,the regions with constructive and people's living have high ecological risk,on the contrary,the ecological risk of forestry land is correspondingly the lowest.It indicates human activity has a significant influence on local ecological environment.
In Shandong Province,the function of four types of land-use such as infield、forest land、grassland and water area which is converted into ecological value is approximately 15.3 billion CHN Yuan,the value of unit area is about 13.6 thousands CHN Yuan.During all cities,the highest proportion of the ecological value is wined by cities Linyi and Yantai.The rare important regions of creature diversity are mainly located at low hills of Jiandong peninsula and middle part of Lu Mid-south mountains.In general,the most important regions of ecological service function in Shandong Province are centralized at Luzhong mountains,the general important regions is located in Yellow River Delta.
According to the above results and on the basis of other basal materials,it finally plots out 3 first-class、11 second-class and 69 third-class ecological function regions of soil and water conservation over the proince.Effectively to promote the project of enclosing and constructing forestry,reinforce the construction and protection of the forestry of soil and water conservation and the forestry of self-restraint water resource,so as to keep from the destruction of environment and the degradation of ecological function,this has become the main task for soil and water conservation in all regions of ecological function.
引文
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