生物发酵床养猪的应用技术研究
摘要
生物发酵床养猪技术发展迅速,受到了越来越多养殖户的关注,它在生猪的养殖和污染治理等方面具有重要的意义。本课题以大邑县川安生态农业有限公司为试验基地,对比了发酵床养猪技术和传统养猪技术在舍内温度、氨气浓度、肉质品质、生产成本的差异,并在试验室内进行了垫料还田试验。
试验一说明了生物发酵床猪舍舍内温度高于传统猪舍,有利于猪只过冬,不利于猪只越夏;
试验二说明了生物发酵床猪舍与传统猪舍相比,能显著的降低舍内氨气的浓度;
试验三说明了生物发酵床技术生产出来的猪只体重更重,料重比低于传统养猪法生产出来的猪只;
试验四说明了生物发酵床技术生产出来的猪只肉质优于传统养猪法,且符合国家环保绿色食品的要求;
试验五说明了生物发酵床养猪技术能节约养殖成本,平均每头猪比传统养猪技术节约了53元;
试验六说明了生物发酵床养猪使用后的垫料可以用作有机肥,但肥力有限。
The technology of pig fermentation bed is developing rapidly, more and more people pay attention to it. It has great significance both on the control emissions and pollution of pig. This topic is to be with pilot in chuan an ecological and agriculture limited company. Comparison With temperature in pig-house, ammonia concentration, meat quality, cost between fermentation bed technology and conventional cultivation. Then do the experiment of padding counters-field in the laboratory.
In exp.1, it shows that temperature in pig-on-litter pig-house is higher than ordinary pig-house, which dose advantageous in winter but harms in summer for pig living.
In exp.2, it shows that the technology of pig fermentation can reduce ammonia concentration greatly.
In exp.3, it shows that the pig in pig-on-litter pig-house eat less feed, but heavier than pig in ordinary pig-house when grow up.
In exp.4, it shows that meat quality of pig in pig-on-litter is better , which can meet the demand of green food.
In exp.5, it shows that the technology of pig fermentation bed can reduce the cost, about 53 RMB every head.
In exp.6, the padding after fermentation can be used as organic fertilizer, but it's fertility is limited.
试验一说明了生物发酵床猪舍舍内温度高于传统猪舍,有利于猪只过冬,不利于猪只越夏;
试验二说明了生物发酵床猪舍与传统猪舍相比,能显著的降低舍内氨气的浓度;
试验三说明了生物发酵床技术生产出来的猪只体重更重,料重比低于传统养猪法生产出来的猪只;
试验四说明了生物发酵床技术生产出来的猪只肉质优于传统养猪法,且符合国家环保绿色食品的要求;
试验五说明了生物发酵床养猪技术能节约养殖成本,平均每头猪比传统养猪技术节约了53元;
试验六说明了生物发酵床养猪使用后的垫料可以用作有机肥,但肥力有限。
The technology of pig fermentation bed is developing rapidly, more and more people pay attention to it. It has great significance both on the control emissions and pollution of pig. This topic is to be with pilot in chuan an ecological and agriculture limited company. Comparison With temperature in pig-house, ammonia concentration, meat quality, cost between fermentation bed technology and conventional cultivation. Then do the experiment of padding counters-field in the laboratory.
In exp.1, it shows that temperature in pig-on-litter pig-house is higher than ordinary pig-house, which dose advantageous in winter but harms in summer for pig living.
In exp.2, it shows that the technology of pig fermentation can reduce ammonia concentration greatly.
In exp.3, it shows that the pig in pig-on-litter pig-house eat less feed, but heavier than pig in ordinary pig-house when grow up.
In exp.4, it shows that meat quality of pig in pig-on-litter is better , which can meet the demand of green food.
In exp.5, it shows that the technology of pig fermentation bed can reduce the cost, about 53 RMB every head.
In exp.6, the padding after fermentation can be used as organic fertilizer, but it's fertility is limited.
引文
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[2] 2000年中国环境状况公报.中国环境保护总局,2000.
[3]国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司.全国规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查及防治对策[M].中国环境科学出版社,2002:1~3. [ 4 ]冯动.规模化养殖场粪便污染及降低污染的对策[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2007,9(3):2~22.
[5]高定,陈同斌,刘斌,等.我国畜禽养殖业粪便污染风险与控制策略[J].地理研究,2006,25(2):311~319.
[6]何飞.对家禽生产中环境问题的认识[J].中国家禽,2002,24(I):35~36.
[7]习陆杰,魏晓平,张怀志,等.面源污染中畜禽有机肥磷的流失形态及其环境效应[J].中国人口资源与环境,2006,l6(5):130~134.
[8]江希流,华小梅,张胜田.我国畜禽养殖业的环境污染状况,存在问题与防治建议.环境整治,2007,13(3):61~64.
[9]李如治.家畜环境卫生学[M].中国农业出版社,2003:245~251.
[10]陈蕊,高怀友,傅学起,等.畜禽养殖废水处理技术的研究与应用[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(增刊):374~377.
[11]李庆康,吴雷,刘海琴,等.我国集约化畜禽养殖场粪便处理利用现状及展望[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(4):251~254.
[12]张树清,张夫道,刘秀梅,等.规模化养殖畜禽粪主要有害成分测定分析研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):522~829.
[13]马林,王方浩,刘东,等.河北省畜禽粪尿养分资源分布及其污染潜力分析[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,29(6):99~103.
[14]温广银.规模畜禽养殖小区环境污染与疫病防治浅议[J].医学动物防制, 2005,21(2):90~91.
[15]丁迎伟,周炎民,刘文斌.控制动物排泄物对环境污染的对策[J].粮食与饲料工业, 1999,16(8):39.
[16]李文.减少猪场粪水污染保证养猪业健康发展[N].中国畜牧兽医报,2005,6 (7).
[17]于维军.聚焦环保盲点:畜禽养殖业污染[N].中国畜牧报,2003,8(9).
[18]李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:9~22
[19]胡鑫.猪舍内有害气体的控制措施[J].畜禽业,2006,19(5):36~37.
[20]孔源,韩鲁佳.我国畜牧业粪便废弃物的污染及其治理对策的探讨[J].中国农业大学学报,2002,7(6):92~96.
[21]金淮,常志州,朱述钧.禽粪便中人畜共患病原菌传播的公众健康风险[J].江苏农业科学,2005,3(2):103~105.
[22]刘丽英.2002.畜禽粪便对环境的污染及相关防治措施[J].环境科学,2007,12(2)9~13.
[23]张汉宝.如何科学利用发酵床[J].家畜养殖,2008,18(7):7~8.
[24]马晋.日本的发酵床养猪技术[J].当代养猪,2004,11(2):28~30.
[25]李娜.猪用发酵床的研究[J].南京农业大学硕士学位论文. 2008.4~11.
[26] J.Gadd. Tunnel housing of pigs in Livestock Environment IV[J].Fourth International Symposium,1993,1040~1048.
[27] M.L.Cormor. Update on alternative housing systems for pigs[J]. Manitoba Swine Seminar Proceedings,1995, 8(2):93~96.
[28] D.K.O.Chan,D. Chaw and C.Y.Y, L01995.Development of an Environmentally Friendly and cost-effective System for the treatment of waste in pig farming[J].中山大学学报,3:11~16.
[29] Kapuinen.P.Deep litter system for beef cat tie housed in unin-sulated barns,part 2:temperatures and nutrients[J].Agric. Engng Res,2001,80(1):87~97.
[30] R.S.Morrison,L.J.Johnston,et a1. A note on the effects of two versus one feeder locations on the feeding behavior and growth performance of pigs in a deep-litter,large group housing system[J].Applied Animal Behavior Science,2006,12(11):1~5.
[31] Karlen G.A.M,Hemsworth P.H,Gonyou H.W,et a1.The welfare of gestating sows in conventional Stalls and large groups On deep litter[J].Applied Animal Behavior Science,2006,65:110~125.
[32] K.H.Jeppsson. Volatilization of Anunonia in Deep-litter Systems with DifferentBedding Materials for Young Cattle[J].Agric. Engng Res,1999,73:49~57.
[33] K.H.Jeppsson. Carbon dioxide emission and water evaporation form deep-litter systems[J].Agric.Engng Res,2000,77(4):429~440.
[34] P.A.Oliveira,D.Souloumiae,P.Robin,C.Kermrrec. Heat Production by fattening pigs in deep-litter or conventional slatted floor systems[J].Annalesde Zootechnie,1999,48:l17~129.
[35] G.Wang,C.Ekstrand,J.Svedberg,et a1. Effect of Litter and Perches on the Foot Pad Dermatitis in Hens[J]. Journal of J L Agricultural University,1997,19(3): 8~11.
[36]顾有方译.鸡舍垫料成分及其作为水牛饲料的评价[J].水牛杂志,1996,1:37~46.
[37] D.A.Deininger,M.Tamml,R.Krausei,H.Sonnenberg. Penetration Resistance and Water-Holding Capacity of Differently Conditioned Straw for Deep Litter Housing Systems[J]. Agrie. Engng Res,2000,77(3):335~342.
[38] N.F.Y.Tam, L.L.P Vrijmoed, Effects of commercial bacterial products on nutrient transformations of pig manure in a pig-on-litter system[J].Water Management & Research,1990,8(5):363~373.
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