温室厚皮甜瓜幼苗生长模型与生态生理变化规律研究
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摘要
为了建立甜瓜幼苗生长发育温度与水分双因子驱动的机理模型,论文在参考前人有关作物生长模拟模型研究成果的基础上,通过13次温室生产试验及室内实验测定,进行了甜瓜幼苗生长发育模拟及生态生理变化研究,主要包括6项内容:
创建了基于生长度日及灌溉水份上限的甜瓜幼苗生长发育模拟模型。结果表明:甜瓜苗期完成出苗期、子叶展平期、两片真叶期、四片真叶期有效积温分别为22.27℃·d、83.22℃·d、110.89℃·d、130.2℃·d,完成幼苗全生育期需要有效积温为346.8℃·d,基质相对含水量对幼苗生长发育影响参数函数式用表达。确定了阶段发育有效积温参数和水分影响参数,建立了甜瓜幼苗生长发育动态模型,可系统地预测甜瓜幼苗发育阶段。模型验证结果显示模型具有较高的精确性、机理性和实用性。
建立了甜瓜幼苗植株形态变化机理模型,探讨了形态变化与环境的关系。利用线性回归和logistic函数式,通过对实测数据统计分析,根据积温学原理,建立了甜瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、主根长度受有效温度与水分双因素影响生长模型,建立了子叶、真叶1、真叶2、真叶3的长度、宽度及叶面积的温度效应模型,同时对模型参数及生长形态变化过程进行了分析研究。结果表明:株高和茎粗与有效积温成直线性相关关系,水分影响参数函数式为指数式,模型相关系数达到显著水平;综合考虑有效积温、光辐射积累及温差积累建立了壮苗指标模拟模型。验证结果显示模型具有较高的精确性。
建立了甜瓜幼苗生长发育过程叶片光合速率动态变化模型,估算了不同叶片不同生育期模型参数,并对模拟模型进行了验证。同时探讨了光合速率的变化规律。温度对净光合速率影响函数式为正弦函数曲线,CO2浓度对净光合速率影响与浓度及饱和点、补偿点成函数关系。通过模型验证,单叶光合速率模型及温度与二氧化碳对净光合速率影响的模型可以准确模拟单叶叶片光合速率,显示模型具有较高的精确性、机理性和实用性。
建立了甜瓜幼苗呼吸作用模型,研究了呼吸作用的生理生态变化。光呼吸模型:式中Rio为温度为To时的光呼吸系数,甜瓜幼苗期To=25℃,T为温度。Q_(10)温度作用系数,取值为2。Rio值子叶为0.14,真叶为0.17。暗呼吸速率模型:RD(i)= RM(i)+RG(i)
In order to establish the model of musk melon seedling growth and development driven by temperature and water, 13 tests have been done in greenhouse and in laboratory to simulate young musk melon seedling growth and to study its eco-physiological alteration rule. This study is composed of 6 aspects. They are as the follows:
Simulating and modeling young musk melon seedling growth based on development temperature and day as well as on irrigation water maximum. The result shows that the effective accumulated temperatures when musk melon finishes seedling coming out, cotyledon spreading out, shooting 2 and 4 leaves separately, are 22.27℃·d, 83.22℃·d, 110.89℃·d, 130.2℃·d. The effective accumulated temperature needed for the whole young seedling growing phase is 346.8℃·d. The parameter functional formula showing the influence of media relative water content on seedling development is . Effective accumulated temperature parameters at different growing phases, and water water affecting parameter, are worked out. Dynamic developmental and growth model of musk melon is established so that development phases of muck melon seedling can be forecasted systematically. The result from validation of the model shows that the model possesses simulation accuracy, mechanism and practicability.
Modeling the plant morphological changing mechanism of young musk melon seedling and studying the relations between morphological change and environment. Linear regression and logistic functional formulae are applied, with factual statistics analysis and according to the theory of accumulated temperature, to work out a musk melon seedling growth model which shows the influence of two factors, effective temperatures and water,on the plant height, stem diameter and main root length of musk melon seedling; and a temperature effect model is also worked out on the length, width and leaf area of cotyledon and leaf. Simultaneously, model parameters and the process of growing morphological change are also analyzed and studied. The results show that plant height and stem diameter are linearly correlated with effective accumulated temperatures; when the functional formula of water content’s influence is exponential, the correlated modulus of the model reaches remarkable level. A strong seedling index simulating model is also built with the comprehensive consideration of effective accumulated temperature, photo accumulation and temperature difference accumulation. The result from validation of the model shows the model is precise.
创建了基于生长度日及灌溉水份上限的甜瓜幼苗生长发育模拟模型。结果表明:甜瓜苗期完成出苗期、子叶展平期、两片真叶期、四片真叶期有效积温分别为22.27℃·d、83.22℃·d、110.89℃·d、130.2℃·d,完成幼苗全生育期需要有效积温为346.8℃·d,基质相对含水量对幼苗生长发育影响参数函数式用表达。确定了阶段发育有效积温参数和水分影响参数,建立了甜瓜幼苗生长发育动态模型,可系统地预测甜瓜幼苗发育阶段。模型验证结果显示模型具有较高的精确性、机理性和实用性。
建立了甜瓜幼苗植株形态变化机理模型,探讨了形态变化与环境的关系。利用线性回归和logistic函数式,通过对实测数据统计分析,根据积温学原理,建立了甜瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、主根长度受有效温度与水分双因素影响生长模型,建立了子叶、真叶1、真叶2、真叶3的长度、宽度及叶面积的温度效应模型,同时对模型参数及生长形态变化过程进行了分析研究。结果表明:株高和茎粗与有效积温成直线性相关关系,水分影响参数函数式为指数式,模型相关系数达到显著水平;综合考虑有效积温、光辐射积累及温差积累建立了壮苗指标模拟模型。验证结果显示模型具有较高的精确性。
建立了甜瓜幼苗生长发育过程叶片光合速率动态变化模型,估算了不同叶片不同生育期模型参数,并对模拟模型进行了验证。同时探讨了光合速率的变化规律。温度对净光合速率影响函数式为正弦函数曲线,CO2浓度对净光合速率影响与浓度及饱和点、补偿点成函数关系。通过模型验证,单叶光合速率模型及温度与二氧化碳对净光合速率影响的模型可以准确模拟单叶叶片光合速率,显示模型具有较高的精确性、机理性和实用性。
建立了甜瓜幼苗呼吸作用模型,研究了呼吸作用的生理生态变化。光呼吸模型:式中Rio为温度为To时的光呼吸系数,甜瓜幼苗期To=25℃,T为温度。Q_(10)温度作用系数,取值为2。Rio值子叶为0.14,真叶为0.17。暗呼吸速率模型:RD(i)= RM(i)+RG(i)
In order to establish the model of musk melon seedling growth and development driven by temperature and water, 13 tests have been done in greenhouse and in laboratory to simulate young musk melon seedling growth and to study its eco-physiological alteration rule. This study is composed of 6 aspects. They are as the follows:
Simulating and modeling young musk melon seedling growth based on development temperature and day as well as on irrigation water maximum. The result shows that the effective accumulated temperatures when musk melon finishes seedling coming out, cotyledon spreading out, shooting 2 and 4 leaves separately, are 22.27℃·d, 83.22℃·d, 110.89℃·d, 130.2℃·d. The effective accumulated temperature needed for the whole young seedling growing phase is 346.8℃·d. The parameter functional formula showing the influence of media relative water content on seedling development is . Effective accumulated temperature parameters at different growing phases, and water water affecting parameter, are worked out. Dynamic developmental and growth model of musk melon is established so that development phases of muck melon seedling can be forecasted systematically. The result from validation of the model shows that the model possesses simulation accuracy, mechanism and practicability.
Modeling the plant morphological changing mechanism of young musk melon seedling and studying the relations between morphological change and environment. Linear regression and logistic functional formulae are applied, with factual statistics analysis and according to the theory of accumulated temperature, to work out a musk melon seedling growth model which shows the influence of two factors, effective temperatures and water,on the plant height, stem diameter and main root length of musk melon seedling; and a temperature effect model is also worked out on the length, width and leaf area of cotyledon and leaf. Simultaneously, model parameters and the process of growing morphological change are also analyzed and studied. The results show that plant height and stem diameter are linearly correlated with effective accumulated temperatures; when the functional formula of water content’s influence is exponential, the correlated modulus of the model reaches remarkable level. A strong seedling index simulating model is also built with the comprehensive consideration of effective accumulated temperature, photo accumulation and temperature difference accumulation. The result from validation of the model shows the model is precise.
引文
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