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乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏机制及主控因素研究
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摘要
在研究区构造、沉积背景研究的基础上,全面、系统地研究了乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏的各种条件,即生、储、盖、圈和运聚条件。利用油气钻探和油气显示资料,对乌尔逊凹陷的油气藏类型和分布进行了总结,指出乌尔逊凹陷油气藏类型主要有构造油气藏、岩性油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏、基岩风化壳油气藏4种。油气藏在纵向上主要分布在南二段和大二段,但南二段明显好于大二段;在平面上,主要分布在乌北苏仁诺尔构造带和乌南巴彦塔拉构造带,且苏仁诺尔构造带明显好于巴彦塔拉构造带。通过油气藏与各种成藏条件的叠合,全面、系统的研究了乌尔逊凹陷的油气成藏与分布的控制因素,指出盖源时空匹配关系、沉积环境、断层和圈闭是乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏与分布的主控因素。根据源岩生排烃史、盖层封闭性形成史、圈闭形成史、断裂活动史和伊利石测年技术,综合研究得到乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏的主要时期为伊敏组沉积末期-青元岗组沉积早期。在此基础上,根据油气藏类型总结出乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏模式有①源内砂岩透镜体或裂缝圈闭油气运聚成藏模式②油气沿断裂垂向运移于断块或断层遮挡或基岩风化壳圈闭成藏模式③油气沿砂体短距离侧向运移于构造-岩性圈闭油气藏模式④深源气沿断裂向上运移于基岩风化壳或构造圈闭成藏模式。在综合上述研究的基础上,对乌尔逊凹陷的有利勘探区进行了预测,指出苏仁诺尔断裂构造带、黄旗庙断裂构造带南部为有利勘探区,铜钵庙构造带、乌东斜坡带、乌西断裂带、乌中构造带和巴彦塔拉构造带为较有利勘探区,南二段黄一-1、苏五-7、苏八-9圈闭和大二段巴一-9、巴一-10、苏二-1圈闭是乌尔逊凹陷油气下一步勘探的有利靶区。
On the basis of study to structure and sedimetary background, accumulation conditions of generation, reservoirs, caprocks, traps and migration in Wuerxu depressions are completely and systemly studied. Using oil or gas drilling data and oil or gas displays, tapes of oil or gas reservoirs and their distribution in Wuerxun deperession are summarizd. Four kinds of oil or gas reservoirs are found, they are structural oil or gas reservoirs, lithological oil or gas reservoirs, structural-lithological oil or gas reservoirs and basement rock weathering crust oil or gas reservirs. Most of oil or gas reservoirs distribute from k1n2 to k1d2 in section, but the number of oil or gas reservoirs in k1n is more than that in k1d2 Most of oil or gas reservoirs distribute in Surennuoer structural zone and Bayantala structural zone in plane, but the number of oil or gas reservoirs in Surennuoer structural zone is more than that in Bayantala structural zone. According to the relation between oil or gas reservoirs and main accumu
    lating conditions, the factors controlling accumulation and distribution of oil or gas reservoirs were completely and systemly studied. Time and space matching relation between sourcerock and caprock, sedimentary environment, faults and traps are main factors controlling oil or gas accumulation and distribution. On the basis of generation and expulsion hydrocarbon history of source rock, seal formation history of cap rock, formation history of trap, active history of fault, oil or gas accumulation period by use of illite's ages, main oil or gas accumulation period was determined to be from the end of Yimin formation to the early of Qingyuangang formation. On the basis of that, according to types of oil or gas reservoirs, four kinds of oil or gas accumulation models fit to Wuerxun depression are reduced, they are the model of oil or gas migrating and accumulating in sandstone lens or fracture traps of source rock, the model of oil or gas accumulating in fault-block or fault-screened traps through vertical mig
    ration, the model of oil or gas accumulating in structural-lithological traps migrating laterally in short instance through sandrock, the model of gas from mantle accumulating in basement rock weathering crust or structural traps migrating through deep and big faults. Based on the above, favorable exploration areas in Wuerxun depression are predicted. The most favorable exploration areas of k1n2 are Surennuoer structural zone, Huangqimiao structural zone. The favorable exploration areas are Tongbomiao structural zone, Wudong slope zone, Wuxi fault zone, Wuzhong structural zone and Bayantala structural zone. The most favorable exploration areas of k1d2 are Surennuoer structural zone, Huangqimiao struvctural zone, Tongbomiao structural zone, Wuxi fault zone, Wuzhong structural zone. But The most favorable exploration areas for carbon dioxide gas are Surennuoer southern structural zone, Huangqimiao southern structural zone and line intersection of Wuxi fault zone, Wuzhong structural zone, Bayantala structural z
    one. Huang yi-1, Suwu-7 and Sushiyi-9 traps of kin: and Bayi-9, Bayi-10 and Suer-1 traps of k1d2 are considered to be the most farorable traps for oil or gas to be drilled.
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