基于新一代GPS的表面形貌规范与认证信息系统的研究与实现
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摘要
表面形貌的合理设计和精确测量是保证机械零件能否达到功能要求的重要指标之一。新一代GPS(产品几何规范)标准体系基于产品几何规范设计应充分考虑计量因素的理念,采用不确定度衡量规范、制造与认证过程之间存在的断层,旨在实现规范与认证的无缝联接。该框架下的二维和三维表面形貌系列涵盖了规范设计、制造和认证过程中的所有标准,具有标准数量多,知识数量大范围广、类型繁杂和关系错综复杂等特点,在工程应用中迫切需要建立数据库和软件支持,实现知识的封装和推理,以便于工程人员对表面形貌的合理设计和精确测量。本文秉承新一代GPS理念,论述了二维和三维表面形貌规范与认证信息系统的相关研究与实现。主要研究内容和创新点如下：
(1)提出了应用范畴论进行新一代GPS框架下表面形貌知识建模的基本方法。根据二维和三维表面形貌知识的特点,应用范畴论这一具有“符号语言”之称的数学理论,提出的范畴数据模型对其规范、制造和认证各阶段、各类型的知识以及知识间多样化的联系和关系进行知识建模。
(2)提出了基于范畴论的知识推理机制。针对表面形貌信息系统中范畴知识结构的特点,提出了态射、拉回以及函子推理这三种推理方法对表面形貌信息系统中1：1、1：N、N：1和N：M等多样化关系进行推理。
(3)建立了完整的二维和三维表面形貌规范与认证一体化信息模型。采用基于范畴论的知识建模方法,分别建立了二维和三维规范与认证操作中各范畴及对象间的总体关系及数据联系,为设计人员提供了系统而清晰的完全符合新一代GPS理念的完整二维和三维表面形貌规范设计构架,为计量人员提供了准确而详细的二维和三维表面形貌认证指导支持。
(4)建立了表面形貌信息系统与CAx(计算机辅助技术)集成的总体框架。采用国际通用标记语言XML(可扩展置标语言)为统一的接口文件格式,运用COM(组件对象模型)技术、C++和C#等编程语言的多种结合,解决了表面形貌信息系统与CAD(计算机辅助设计)系统的统一接口难题。在此集成环境下,构建了表面形貌信息系统的结构框架,确定了系统五大核心模块的功能和结构。
(5)开发了基于新一代GPS框架的表面形貌信息原型系统。采用Visual C++和C#等编程语言,开发了原型系统,实现了与CAD系统的集成。在进行了一系列的调试与测试之后,通过工程案例的试用,证实了该系统的功能性、可靠性与稳定性。
Surface texture, which is generated by most common machining processes, plays a significant role in determining the function performance of workpiece, in particular in high precision engineering and mechanical applications concerning tribology. The designing and controlling of surface texture are always one of the most important determinants of product functions. Based on metrology and uncertainty philosophy, the next generation GPS standards system oriented the digitizing design, manufacturing and verification. Under the pressure of digital design requirements, the standards system provides the theory and methods for digital manufacturing. The knowledge about surface texture in GPS system includes massive diverse concepts and semantic structures which cover specification definitions, definition categories, semantic understanding, algebraic structures, structured entities, attributes and relationships between all of them. The diversification of the knowledge makes it difficult to be utilized in computing science. A functional approach that completely expresses the complicated surface texture knowledge for designers and engineers is often nonexistent in the floor. Using category data model, this dissertation discussed the development and exploration of the profile, areal surface texture specifications and verification information system based on the philosophy of the next generation GPS. The main researches and creative points are as follows:
This dissertation presents the utilization of category theory to model sophisticated knowledge in the filed of profile and areal surface texture. Based on characteristics of category theory, it can use categories to express all of the different kinds of structures in surface texture, and objects and arrows in a category to describe different elements in structures and relationships between elements respectively. Category theory ignores the unnecessary details of different definitions and structures, and focuses on the categories and relationships between and in them. The functions of pullbacks, arrows and functors were considered to be inference mechanism.
Based on category theory model, the specification and verification processes for profile and areal surface texture were developed. All of the complex relationship between different elements in specifications and verification for profile and areal surface texture can be constructed by category model, therefore, providing the designers a complete and unambiguous profile and areal surface texture specification platform and the metrologists a mapped detailed verification tool.
The overall framework for the surface texture information system of the next generation GPS system and integrate method with CAx system were proposed and devised. Several development tools involving XML, COM, C++ and C# were applied to resolve the integration problem. The functions and framework for five major model of the information system were designed.
A prototype system for the surface texture information system was established. The software platform of the system was integrated with AutoCAD 2010, development tools adopted involve ObjectARX, Visual C++, COM, XML, Visual C# etc. Two engineering examples were studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of this system.
(1)提出了应用范畴论进行新一代GPS框架下表面形貌知识建模的基本方法。根据二维和三维表面形貌知识的特点,应用范畴论这一具有“符号语言”之称的数学理论,提出的范畴数据模型对其规范、制造和认证各阶段、各类型的知识以及知识间多样化的联系和关系进行知识建模。
(2)提出了基于范畴论的知识推理机制。针对表面形貌信息系统中范畴知识结构的特点,提出了态射、拉回以及函子推理这三种推理方法对表面形貌信息系统中1：1、1：N、N：1和N：M等多样化关系进行推理。
(3)建立了完整的二维和三维表面形貌规范与认证一体化信息模型。采用基于范畴论的知识建模方法,分别建立了二维和三维规范与认证操作中各范畴及对象间的总体关系及数据联系,为设计人员提供了系统而清晰的完全符合新一代GPS理念的完整二维和三维表面形貌规范设计构架,为计量人员提供了准确而详细的二维和三维表面形貌认证指导支持。
(4)建立了表面形貌信息系统与CAx(计算机辅助技术)集成的总体框架。采用国际通用标记语言XML(可扩展置标语言)为统一的接口文件格式,运用COM(组件对象模型)技术、C++和C#等编程语言的多种结合,解决了表面形貌信息系统与CAD(计算机辅助设计)系统的统一接口难题。在此集成环境下,构建了表面形貌信息系统的结构框架,确定了系统五大核心模块的功能和结构。
(5)开发了基于新一代GPS框架的表面形貌信息原型系统。采用Visual C++和C#等编程语言,开发了原型系统,实现了与CAD系统的集成。在进行了一系列的调试与测试之后,通过工程案例的试用,证实了该系统的功能性、可靠性与稳定性。
Surface texture, which is generated by most common machining processes, plays a significant role in determining the function performance of workpiece, in particular in high precision engineering and mechanical applications concerning tribology. The designing and controlling of surface texture are always one of the most important determinants of product functions. Based on metrology and uncertainty philosophy, the next generation GPS standards system oriented the digitizing design, manufacturing and verification. Under the pressure of digital design requirements, the standards system provides the theory and methods for digital manufacturing. The knowledge about surface texture in GPS system includes massive diverse concepts and semantic structures which cover specification definitions, definition categories, semantic understanding, algebraic structures, structured entities, attributes and relationships between all of them. The diversification of the knowledge makes it difficult to be utilized in computing science. A functional approach that completely expresses the complicated surface texture knowledge for designers and engineers is often nonexistent in the floor. Using category data model, this dissertation discussed the development and exploration of the profile, areal surface texture specifications and verification information system based on the philosophy of the next generation GPS. The main researches and creative points are as follows:
This dissertation presents the utilization of category theory to model sophisticated knowledge in the filed of profile and areal surface texture. Based on characteristics of category theory, it can use categories to express all of the different kinds of structures in surface texture, and objects and arrows in a category to describe different elements in structures and relationships between elements respectively. Category theory ignores the unnecessary details of different definitions and structures, and focuses on the categories and relationships between and in them. The functions of pullbacks, arrows and functors were considered to be inference mechanism.
Based on category theory model, the specification and verification processes for profile and areal surface texture were developed. All of the complex relationship between different elements in specifications and verification for profile and areal surface texture can be constructed by category model, therefore, providing the designers a complete and unambiguous profile and areal surface texture specification platform and the metrologists a mapped detailed verification tool.
The overall framework for the surface texture information system of the next generation GPS system and integrate method with CAx system were proposed and devised. Several development tools involving XML, COM, C++ and C# were applied to resolve the integration problem. The functions and framework for five major model of the information system were designed.
A prototype system for the surface texture information system was established. The software platform of the system was integrated with AutoCAD 2010, development tools adopted involve ObjectARX, Visual C++, COM, XML, Visual C# etc. Two engineering examples were studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of this system.
引文
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