基于FPGA与PC机的地震动信号采集与处理系统的研究与实现
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摘要
本文所设计的地震动信号采集与处理系统可以对地面运动目标进行分类识别。本系统主要由有三大部分组成:地震动信号采集系统、信号远程传输系统、信号处理与监视系统。
采用Altera公司的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)作为地震动信号采集系统的核心。为了实现采集系统的功能,本文进行了硬件和软件设计。硬件方面主要进行了信号调理电路、A/D转换电路、FPGA外围电路、电平转换电路、电源管理电路的设计。数据采集系统软件部分设计严格遵循FPGA的软件设计原则与流程,将系统根据要实现的功能细分为以下五个子模块:主程序模块、系统调试模块、时钟分频模块、数据采集变换模块、UART模块。各模块采用Verilog HDL语言进行编写。并通过仿真对系统功能进行了验证,达到了提高系统性能的要求。
RS485是一种具有高抗干扰能力、适合远距离的通信方式。系统采用自制的RS485/RS232转换器实现了信号采集板与PC机之间的高速、远距离、高可靠通信。文中详细叙述了RS485/RS232转换器的硬件电路设计。
本文给出了目标识别的上位机软件设计方法。本文对采集到的地震动信号进行了分析,进而提取目标信号的特征,最后编写了目标识别算法软件。
A Seismic Signal Detecting and processing System is designed in this thesis. The system can identify the moving targets on the ground. Three parts are comprised in this system: Seismic Signal Detecting System, signal long-distance transmission system, signal processing and supervisory system.
FPGA is regarded as the core of the Seismic Signal Detecting System. In order to realize the function of the detecting system, system's hardware design and the software design are included in the thesis. The signal conditioning circuit, A/D converter circuit, FPGA peripheral circuit, level switch circuit and power source management circuit are designed in the hardware. The software design of the data collection system strictly follows the software design principle and process of FPGA. The software of the system is composed of five parts according to the function of the data collection system. They are as below: the main program module, the system debug module, the frequency-dividing module, the data collection module, UART module. The module is realized via the Verilog Hardware Description Language. The system's function is confirmed via the simulation. Therefore, the request of enhancing the system's performance is achieved.
RS485 is provided with high ability of anti-interference and fits for converting data long distance. By using special designed RS485/RS232 converter, the high speed, long distance and highly reliable communication between PC and signal detecting system is realized. The hardware design of the RS485/RS232 converter is discussed detailedly in this thesis.
The thesis also shows the software design plans of the target identification in the computer. The collected seismic signal is analyzed in this thesis, and then we abstract the feature of the signal and compile the target identification algorithm procedure.
采用Altera公司的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)作为地震动信号采集系统的核心。为了实现采集系统的功能,本文进行了硬件和软件设计。硬件方面主要进行了信号调理电路、A/D转换电路、FPGA外围电路、电平转换电路、电源管理电路的设计。数据采集系统软件部分设计严格遵循FPGA的软件设计原则与流程,将系统根据要实现的功能细分为以下五个子模块:主程序模块、系统调试模块、时钟分频模块、数据采集变换模块、UART模块。各模块采用Verilog HDL语言进行编写。并通过仿真对系统功能进行了验证,达到了提高系统性能的要求。
RS485是一种具有高抗干扰能力、适合远距离的通信方式。系统采用自制的RS485/RS232转换器实现了信号采集板与PC机之间的高速、远距离、高可靠通信。文中详细叙述了RS485/RS232转换器的硬件电路设计。
本文给出了目标识别的上位机软件设计方法。本文对采集到的地震动信号进行了分析,进而提取目标信号的特征,最后编写了目标识别算法软件。
A Seismic Signal Detecting and processing System is designed in this thesis. The system can identify the moving targets on the ground. Three parts are comprised in this system: Seismic Signal Detecting System, signal long-distance transmission system, signal processing and supervisory system.
FPGA is regarded as the core of the Seismic Signal Detecting System. In order to realize the function of the detecting system, system's hardware design and the software design are included in the thesis. The signal conditioning circuit, A/D converter circuit, FPGA peripheral circuit, level switch circuit and power source management circuit are designed in the hardware. The software design of the data collection system strictly follows the software design principle and process of FPGA. The software of the system is composed of five parts according to the function of the data collection system. They are as below: the main program module, the system debug module, the frequency-dividing module, the data collection module, UART module. The module is realized via the Verilog Hardware Description Language. The system's function is confirmed via the simulation. Therefore, the request of enhancing the system's performance is achieved.
RS485 is provided with high ability of anti-interference and fits for converting data long distance. By using special designed RS485/RS232 converter, the high speed, long distance and highly reliable communication between PC and signal detecting system is realized. The hardware design of the RS485/RS232 converter is discussed detailedly in this thesis.
The thesis also shows the software design plans of the target identification in the computer. The collected seismic signal is analyzed in this thesis, and then we abstract the feature of the signal and compile the target identification algorithm procedure.
引文
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[2]候尧.应用地震动传感器对实时目标的侦测和识别.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2000
[3]杨攀.基于地震动的地面运动目标定位研究及实现.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2005
[4]聂伟荣.多传感器探测与控制网络技术——地面运动目标震动信号探测与识别.南京:南京理工大学博士论文,2001
[5]杨成林.瑞雷波勘探.第1版.北京:地质出版社,1993
[6]罗福龙,易碧金,罗兰兵.地震检波器技术及应用.物探装备,2005,15(1):6-14
[7]张磊.基于三轴地震动传感器的目标定向算法研究和硬件实现.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2003
[8]高帆.基于CPLD+nRF24E1的无线传感探测系统的研究与实现.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2007
[9]曹军.仪器放大器AD620性能及其应用.电子器件,1997,20(3):62-65
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[12]付彬.地面运动目标地震动信号的模拟技术研究.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2004
[13]高翠云.利用MAX291实现抗混叠滤波.现代电子技术,2004(10):1-2
[14]龚江涛.基于FPGA的高精度地震勘探数据采集系统.成都:程都理工大学士论文,2007
[15]杨振江.A/D、D/A转换器接口技术与应用线路.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1996
[16]Maxim Integrated Products Inc.MAX1308-MAX1310 Data sheet.2004
[17]褚振勇,翁木云.FPGA设计及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[18]王诚,吴继华.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(基础篇).北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[19]Altera Corporation.Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet.2002
[20]Altera Corporation.Serial Configuration Devices(EPCS1 & EPCS4).2003
[21]雷丽文,朱晓华等.微机原理与接口技术.北京:电子工业出版社,1997
[22]孟志华.利用FPGA实现UART的设计.电子工程师,2007,33(4):14-16
[23]张碧雄.小型可编程晶振芯片LTC1799及其应用.国外电子元器件,2003
[24]Linear Technology Corporation.LTC1799,1kHz to 30MHz Resistor Set SOT-23 Oscillator.2001
[25]Philips Semiconductors.74HC14;74HCT14 Hex inverting Schmitt trigger Product specification.2003
[26]黄任.AVR单片机与CPLD/FPGA综合应用入门.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[27]佟为明,袁帅,李凤阁.电动机保护装置数据采集和电平转换电路设计.低压电器,2006(8):20-23
[28]魏雄.混合逻辑电平的接口技术.电子技术应用,2004(2):61-63
[29]Texas Instruments Incorporated.SN74ALVC164245 16BIT 4.1.3-V To 5-V SHIFTING TRANSCEIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS.1999
[30]Texas Instruments Incorporated.SN74LVC4245A OCTAL BUS TRANSCEIVER AND 4.1.3-V To 5-V SHIFTING WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS.1998
[31]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TPS767D301,TPS767D318,TPS767D325DUAL-OUTPUT LOW-DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORS.2000
[32]张云安,冯志华,王晓峰.双路输出低压差电压调整TPS767D301及其应用.电子元器件,2006(7):112-114
[33]Maxim Integrated Products Inc.CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter.1996
[34]诸邦田.电子电路实用抗干扰技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,1994
[35]张毅刚等.新编MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003
[36]谢瑞和.串行技术大全.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[37]田学锋,周予滨.计算机通信与RS-232接口实用指南.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,1995
[38]黄海棠等.在WINDOWS 95环境下实现PC机与单片机AT89C51的串行通信.微型机与应用,1999(4):16-17
[39]Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation.Single-channel:6N137,HCPL-2601,HCPL-2611Dual-Channel:HCPL-2630,HCPL-2631High Speed-10 MBit/s Logic Gate Optocouplers.2005
[40]Maxim Integrated Products Inc.MAX481/MAX483/MAX485/MAX487-MAX-491/MAX1487Data sheet.1996
[41]Maxim Integrated Products Inc.MAX220-MAX249 Data sheet.2000
[42]王金明.verilogHDL程序设计教程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[43]顾斌.数字电路EDA设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004
[44]李雪梅,路而红.基于Verilog HDL双向端口的设计与实现.现代电子技术,2006(4)73-74
[45]牛涛,吴斌,焦风川等.基于FPGA的UART电路的设计.电子测量技术,2006,29(3):73-75
[46]姜宁,范多旺.基于FPGA/CPLD的通用异步通信接口UART的设计.信息技术与信息化,2006(1):86-88
[47]潘松,黄继业.EDA技术实用教程.第2版.北京:科学出版社,2005
[48]薛年喜.NATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[49]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB7辅助信号处理与应用.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[50]张志明.基于DSP的地面运动目标识别系统研究.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2003
[51]杨亦春,程翔等.过零率分析在智能雷弹引信中的应用研究.探测与控制学报,1999
[52]张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[53]刘广军.基于峭度的组分分析方法解析重叠峰.山东大学学报(理学报),2005,40(2):112-115
[54]孔飞.基于多通道传感器的人员脚步信号的探测与跟踪.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2006
[55]李高升,周东明,何建国等.LabVIEW中DLL文件的创建及其应用.现代电子技术,2005(5):24-26
[56](美)Michael J.Young.Visual C++6从入门到精通.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,1999
[2]候尧.应用地震动传感器对实时目标的侦测和识别.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2000
[3]杨攀.基于地震动的地面运动目标定位研究及实现.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2005
[4]聂伟荣.多传感器探测与控制网络技术——地面运动目标震动信号探测与识别.南京:南京理工大学博士论文,2001
[5]杨成林.瑞雷波勘探.第1版.北京:地质出版社,1993
[6]罗福龙,易碧金,罗兰兵.地震检波器技术及应用.物探装备,2005,15(1):6-14
[7]张磊.基于三轴地震动传感器的目标定向算法研究和硬件实现.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2003
[8]高帆.基于CPLD+nRF24E1的无线传感探测系统的研究与实现.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2007
[9]曹军.仪器放大器AD620性能及其应用.电子器件,1997,20(3):62-65
[10]NALOG DEVICES.AD620 data sheet.1999
[11]阿瑟·B·威廉斯.电子滤波器设计手册.北京:电子工业出版社,1986
[12]付彬.地面运动目标地震动信号的模拟技术研究.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2004
[13]高翠云.利用MAX291实现抗混叠滤波.现代电子技术,2004(10):1-2
[14]龚江涛.基于FPGA的高精度地震勘探数据采集系统.成都:程都理工大学士论文,2007
[15]杨振江.A/D、D/A转换器接口技术与应用线路.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1996
[16]Maxim Integrated Products Inc.MAX1308-MAX1310 Data sheet.2004
[17]褚振勇,翁木云.FPGA设计及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[18]王诚,吴继华.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(基础篇).北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[19]Altera Corporation.Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet.2002
[20]Altera Corporation.Serial Configuration Devices(EPCS1 & EPCS4).2003
[21]雷丽文,朱晓华等.微机原理与接口技术.北京:电子工业出版社,1997
[22]孟志华.利用FPGA实现UART的设计.电子工程师,2007,33(4):14-16
[23]张碧雄.小型可编程晶振芯片LTC1799及其应用.国外电子元器件,2003
[24]Linear Technology Corporation.LTC1799,1kHz to 30MHz Resistor Set SOT-23 Oscillator.2001
[25]Philips Semiconductors.74HC14;74HCT14 Hex inverting Schmitt trigger Product specification.2003
[26]黄任.AVR单片机与CPLD/FPGA综合应用入门.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[27]佟为明,袁帅,李凤阁.电动机保护装置数据采集和电平转换电路设计.低压电器,2006(8):20-23
[28]魏雄.混合逻辑电平的接口技术.电子技术应用,2004(2):61-63
[29]Texas Instruments Incorporated.SN74ALVC164245 16BIT 4.1.3-V To 5-V SHIFTING TRANSCEIVER WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS.1999
[30]Texas Instruments Incorporated.SN74LVC4245A OCTAL BUS TRANSCEIVER AND 4.1.3-V To 5-V SHIFTING WITH 3-STATE OUTPUTS.1998
[31]Texas Instruments Incorporated.TPS767D301,TPS767D318,TPS767D325DUAL-OUTPUT LOW-DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORS.2000
[32]张云安,冯志华,王晓峰.双路输出低压差电压调整TPS767D301及其应用.电子元器件,2006(7):112-114
[33]Maxim Integrated Products Inc.CMOS Monolithic Voltage Converter.1996
[34]诸邦田.电子电路实用抗干扰技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,1994
[35]张毅刚等.新编MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003
[36]谢瑞和.串行技术大全.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[37]田学锋,周予滨.计算机通信与RS-232接口实用指南.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,1995
[38]黄海棠等.在WINDOWS 95环境下实现PC机与单片机AT89C51的串行通信.微型机与应用,1999(4):16-17
[39]Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation.Single-channel:6N137,HCPL-2601,HCPL-2611Dual-Channel:HCPL-2630,HCPL-2631High Speed-10 MBit/s Logic Gate Optocouplers.2005
[40]Maxim Integrated Products Inc.MAX481/MAX483/MAX485/MAX487-MAX-491/MAX1487Data sheet.1996
[41]Maxim Integrated Products Inc.MAX220-MAX249 Data sheet.2000
[42]王金明.verilogHDL程序设计教程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[43]顾斌.数字电路EDA设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004
[44]李雪梅,路而红.基于Verilog HDL双向端口的设计与实现.现代电子技术,2006(4)73-74
[45]牛涛,吴斌,焦风川等.基于FPGA的UART电路的设计.电子测量技术,2006,29(3):73-75
[46]姜宁,范多旺.基于FPGA/CPLD的通用异步通信接口UART的设计.信息技术与信息化,2006(1):86-88
[47]潘松,黄继业.EDA技术实用教程.第2版.北京:科学出版社,2005
[48]薛年喜.NATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[49]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB7辅助信号处理与应用.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[50]张志明.基于DSP的地面运动目标识别系统研究.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2003
[51]杨亦春,程翔等.过零率分析在智能雷弹引信中的应用研究.探测与控制学报,1999
[52]张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[53]刘广军.基于峭度的组分分析方法解析重叠峰.山东大学学报(理学报),2005,40(2):112-115
[54]孔飞.基于多通道传感器的人员脚步信号的探测与跟踪.南京:南京理工大学硕士论文,2006
[55]李高升,周东明,何建国等.LabVIEW中DLL文件的创建及其应用.现代电子技术,2005(5):24-26
[56](美)Michael J.Young.Visual C++6从入门到精通.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,1999