微电解反应器特性及应用研究
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摘要
微电解反应器已应用于工业污水如含油污水，化工污水和生活污水等的处理过程。基于其应用过程中所存在的问题，需要解决如下几个问题：一是优化三维电极床体设计及各项操作参数，提高效率，降低处理费用；二是解决长期运行中发生的电极堵塞问题，保持三维电极持续高效正常运行。本研究通过测定该反应器溶液电导特性以及活性炭和石墨电极的电极电位，得到反应器的一些电特性。同时为进一步扩大其应用范围，考察对几种醇类和苯胺的电解效率，进行了微电解对石油焦化装置废水的中试研究。
通过测定NaCl作为电解质时溶液电导率对反应器总电阻的影响时发现：(1)全活性炭时反应器不受溶液电导率的影响，仅有活性碳本身的电导率决定；(2)混合填料时，溶液电导率较小时，反应器的电阻随填料配比变化较大；(3)溶液电导率较高的时候，反应器的电阻随填料配比变化的不大，仅有溶液电导率决定。
通过上述对单个微电极在电场中的感应电极电位的研究：(1)感应电极在电场中不同位置(距主极板距离不同)均能被极化获得感应电位；(2)活性炭电极感应电位较石墨电极感应电位小；(3)石墨电极电位是随着无机盐浓度的增加电位绝对值变大；(4)活性炭电极电位跟无机盐浓度的关系为随着无机盐浓度增加活性炭电极阳极和阴极电位绝对值都变小。
通过考察乙醇、丙醇和正丁醇的微电解效率可以得出：(1)电压梯度和初始浓度对电解结果都有较大的影响。从电解效率来说，电压梯度越高去除率越高，初始浓度越高去除率越低。浓度较低时电压梯度对COD去除率的影响越大；(2)比较硫酸钠和氯化钠的影响，添加氯化钠时的效率高一些，这是因为前者为惰性电解质不直接参加电解反应，而后者有Cl~-能在电极表面形成Cl_2而参加氧化还原反应。从试验结果看，混合填料微电解反应器处理醇类废水时电解效率不是很高。
苯胺电解试验得出如下结论：(1)微电解技术对降解苯胺在电压小于30伏时，能达到最佳处理效果；(2)pH对COD和苯胺处理率没有太大影响；(3)一般原水COD_(Cr)为500mg／l、苯胺浓度在200mg／l左右时，在90～120min之内能达到COD_(Cr)＜100mg／l、苯胺浓度＜5mg／l；(4)微电解反应器与平板电解槽(不加填料)电解效果有很大差别。这也说明微电解具有很好的处理效果。(5)微电解处理苯胺时，同时产生一些副产物。
微电解对石油二厂焦化装置废水的中试研究结果表明：(1)通过现场中试
微屯解反应器特性及广川研究
的枪验，催化曝气一敛电解工艺对该石油炼厂高浓度废水的脱硫率达叨％以上、
COD75％以1：，其伙川叶靠性得到if实。研究认为本工艺对水质的适应范围较
人，停留时间短，操作简便，是石油炼厂及其他行业废水的源头治理的合适技
术：（2催化曝气和微电解单元技术从小试扩大到中试过程所涉及的多相流、电
化学原理和放大效应，通过现场装置性能的实验测试方法得到了检验和探讨。
小试所得工艺参数在中试中基本得到保持，中试的去除效率有所提高。两项单
元技术的设计和运行技术基本完备，为扩大应用提供了重要基础。
The Micro-electrolysis reactor is already applied in the treatment process of industrial wastewater including the oil wastewater, chemical engineering wastewater and domestic wastewater. According to its problem existing in applied process, it requires to resolve following a few problems: first, optimizing the design of three-dimensional electrode bed and various operation parameters, and improving efficiency, lowering the expenses; second, resolving the electrode jam for running over a long period of time, keeping persistent efficiently of three-dimensional electrode normal function. At the same time, for further extending its application, the reactor's electrolysis efficiency on the several alcohols and aniline is investigated, and pilot scale study on the dense effluent from delayed coking plant of petroleum refinery.
By measuring the electric conductivity's influence on the reactor total electric resistance with the NaCl: (1) When the stuff is all activated carbon, the reactor is not influenced by aqua conductivity, conductivity of activated carbon determines the reactor resistance;(2) Under mixed stuff condition, the reactor resistance changes more along with stuff rate when aqua conductivity is low; (3) When solution conductivity is high, the reactor resistance changes less along with stuff rate, solution conductivity determines the reactor resistance.
After researches respond potential of single activated carbon and graphite electrode, it is concluded that (1) Electrode in the electric field can be obtained the respond potential from the different position (different distance from main electrode);(2) The potential of activated carbon electrode is lower than graphite electrode;(3) The absolute value of graphite electrode potential increases with inorganic salt concentration;(4) The absolute value of activated carbon electrode potential decreases with inorganic salt concentration.
From the electrolysis efficiency of alcohol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol can be said that (1) Voltage grads and original concentration have strong bigger influence on the removal rate. The electrolysis efficiency is high when voltage grad is high and original concentration is low. voltage grads has great effects on COD removal with low concentration; (2) The electrolysis efficiency is higher with the sodium chloride than with the sodium sulfate, it is likely because the latter is inert electrolyte, and Cl can be formed Cb in electrode surface and joins the reaction. It can be concluded that electrolysis efficiency of alcohols with the mixed stuff micro-electrolysis rector is
not good.
The aniline electrolysis experiments draw the conclusion that: (1) Micro-electrolysis reaches best results under 30V when it treats aniline;(2) pH does not strong effect for both COD and aniline removal efficiency;(3) It could reach COD<100mg/l, aniline<5mg/l in the 90~120min;(4) The electrolysis results of mixed stuff reactor are higher than that reactor with no stuff;(5) Some more toxic polychlorinated aromatic substances than aniline are produced during electrolysis.
A lM3/Hr on-site pilot-plant study of catalytic aeration-micro electrolysis process was conducted to treat the dense effluent from delayed coking plant of petroleum refinery:(1) The pilot process has shown its favorable efficiency and applicability, total removal of S2' and CODcr were over 90 and 75 % respectively. The technologic integrality of process, including equipment design and facility operation, has been prepared for the source control in petroleum refinery and other industry;(2) The performance and factors of two work-units, catalytic aeration and micro electrolysis, are examined, and multiphase fluid, electro-chemistry principle and the scale-up effect between pilot-plant-scale and bench-scale are proved and discussed.
通过测定NaCl作为电解质时溶液电导率对反应器总电阻的影响时发现：(1)全活性炭时反应器不受溶液电导率的影响，仅有活性碳本身的电导率决定；(2)混合填料时，溶液电导率较小时，反应器的电阻随填料配比变化较大；(3)溶液电导率较高的时候，反应器的电阻随填料配比变化的不大，仅有溶液电导率决定。
通过上述对单个微电极在电场中的感应电极电位的研究：(1)感应电极在电场中不同位置(距主极板距离不同)均能被极化获得感应电位；(2)活性炭电极感应电位较石墨电极感应电位小；(3)石墨电极电位是随着无机盐浓度的增加电位绝对值变大；(4)活性炭电极电位跟无机盐浓度的关系为随着无机盐浓度增加活性炭电极阳极和阴极电位绝对值都变小。
通过考察乙醇、丙醇和正丁醇的微电解效率可以得出：(1)电压梯度和初始浓度对电解结果都有较大的影响。从电解效率来说，电压梯度越高去除率越高，初始浓度越高去除率越低。浓度较低时电压梯度对COD去除率的影响越大；(2)比较硫酸钠和氯化钠的影响，添加氯化钠时的效率高一些，这是因为前者为惰性电解质不直接参加电解反应，而后者有Cl~-能在电极表面形成Cl_2而参加氧化还原反应。从试验结果看，混合填料微电解反应器处理醇类废水时电解效率不是很高。
苯胺电解试验得出如下结论：(1)微电解技术对降解苯胺在电压小于30伏时，能达到最佳处理效果；(2)pH对COD和苯胺处理率没有太大影响；(3)一般原水COD_(Cr)为500mg／l、苯胺浓度在200mg／l左右时，在90～120min之内能达到COD_(Cr)＜100mg／l、苯胺浓度＜5mg／l；(4)微电解反应器与平板电解槽(不加填料)电解效果有很大差别。这也说明微电解具有很好的处理效果。(5)微电解处理苯胺时，同时产生一些副产物。
微电解对石油二厂焦化装置废水的中试研究结果表明：(1)通过现场中试
微屯解反应器特性及广川研究
的枪验，催化曝气一敛电解工艺对该石油炼厂高浓度废水的脱硫率达叨％以上、
COD75％以1：，其伙川叶靠性得到if实。研究认为本工艺对水质的适应范围较
人，停留时间短，操作简便，是石油炼厂及其他行业废水的源头治理的合适技
术：（2催化曝气和微电解单元技术从小试扩大到中试过程所涉及的多相流、电
化学原理和放大效应，通过现场装置性能的实验测试方法得到了检验和探讨。
小试所得工艺参数在中试中基本得到保持，中试的去除效率有所提高。两项单
元技术的设计和运行技术基本完备，为扩大应用提供了重要基础。
The Micro-electrolysis reactor is already applied in the treatment process of industrial wastewater including the oil wastewater, chemical engineering wastewater and domestic wastewater. According to its problem existing in applied process, it requires to resolve following a few problems: first, optimizing the design of three-dimensional electrode bed and various operation parameters, and improving efficiency, lowering the expenses; second, resolving the electrode jam for running over a long period of time, keeping persistent efficiently of three-dimensional electrode normal function. At the same time, for further extending its application, the reactor's electrolysis efficiency on the several alcohols and aniline is investigated, and pilot scale study on the dense effluent from delayed coking plant of petroleum refinery.
By measuring the electric conductivity's influence on the reactor total electric resistance with the NaCl: (1) When the stuff is all activated carbon, the reactor is not influenced by aqua conductivity, conductivity of activated carbon determines the reactor resistance;(2) Under mixed stuff condition, the reactor resistance changes more along with stuff rate when aqua conductivity is low; (3) When solution conductivity is high, the reactor resistance changes less along with stuff rate, solution conductivity determines the reactor resistance.
After researches respond potential of single activated carbon and graphite electrode, it is concluded that (1) Electrode in the electric field can be obtained the respond potential from the different position (different distance from main electrode);(2) The potential of activated carbon electrode is lower than graphite electrode;(3) The absolute value of graphite electrode potential increases with inorganic salt concentration;(4) The absolute value of activated carbon electrode potential decreases with inorganic salt concentration.
From the electrolysis efficiency of alcohol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol can be said that (1) Voltage grads and original concentration have strong bigger influence on the removal rate. The electrolysis efficiency is high when voltage grad is high and original concentration is low. voltage grads has great effects on COD removal with low concentration; (2) The electrolysis efficiency is higher with the sodium chloride than with the sodium sulfate, it is likely because the latter is inert electrolyte, and Cl can be formed Cb in electrode surface and joins the reaction. It can be concluded that electrolysis efficiency of alcohols with the mixed stuff micro-electrolysis rector is
not good.
The aniline electrolysis experiments draw the conclusion that: (1) Micro-electrolysis reaches best results under 30V when it treats aniline;(2) pH does not strong effect for both COD and aniline removal efficiency;(3) It could reach COD<100mg/l, aniline<5mg/l in the 90~120min;(4) The electrolysis results of mixed stuff reactor are higher than that reactor with no stuff;(5) Some more toxic polychlorinated aromatic substances than aniline are produced during electrolysis.
A lM3/Hr on-site pilot-plant study of catalytic aeration-micro electrolysis process was conducted to treat the dense effluent from delayed coking plant of petroleum refinery:(1) The pilot process has shown its favorable efficiency and applicability, total removal of S2' and CODcr were over 90 and 75 % respectively. The technologic integrality of process, including equipment design and facility operation, has been prepared for the source control in petroleum refinery and other industry;(2) The performance and factors of two work-units, catalytic aeration and micro electrolysis, are examined, and multiphase fluid, electro-chemistry principle and the scale-up effect between pilot-plant-scale and bench-scale are proved and discussed.
引文
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