电絮凝法与电催化氧化法去除纸业废水中有色有机物的研究
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摘要
近几十年来，电化学方法在治理环境污染方面的应用受到了广泛的关注。电絮凝法已在部分工业废水处理方面得到了应用。对于作为“环境友好的绿色技术”的电催化氧化法，寻找优良性能电催化氧化电极材料成为近年的研究热点。本论文以去除纸业废水中高浓度水溶性有色有机物为目的，进行了如下的研究工作：
1、考察了影响铁和铝阳极电絮凝处理废水效果的主要因素。
2、初步评价了掺杂部分过渡金属离子的PbO_2和SnO_2电极的电催化氧化效率。
本论文研究主要获得了如下结论：
1．影响铁和铝阳极电絮凝去除纸业废水中有色有机物的主要因素是通电量和废水的pH值。在最佳的处理条件下，铁和铝阳极电絮凝对废水中的有色有机物有高的去除率。对于铁电极，Q_s％=78.6％，Q_c％=64.5％；对于铝电极，Q_s％=62.2％；Q_c％=58.0％。
2．掺杂镍可有效地提高SnO_2电极的催化氧化效率，镍的含量达到4.0％(wt.％)，SnO_2电极的催化氧化效率最高，影响掺杂镍的SnO_2电极电催化氧化效率的主要因素是通电量和电流密度。
Electrochemical methods used in environmental contaminants treatment have attracted more and more attentions for recent several decades. In these methods, electroflocculation has reached profitable commercialization in some industrial wastewater treatment. For electrocatalytic oxidation, a "environment friendly green technology", investigative interest focus on developing new electrode material recently. Our work aimed at removal of colored organics in paper-making wastewater by electroflocculation and electrocatalytic oxidation. Work has been carried out as follow:
1. To investigate main factors that influence removal efficiency of colored organics from paper-making wastewater by electroflocculation when Fe and Al metal was used as anode respectively.
2. To investigate initially electrocatalytic oxidation efficiency of PbO2 and SnO2 electrodes doped some transition metal ions.
Main experimente conclusions are given as follow:
1. Main factors that influence removal efficiency of colored organics from the wastewater are charge loading and pH value by electroflocculation when Fe and Al was used as anode respectivily. Under perfect treatment conditions, high removal efficiency of colored organics is obtained for the wastewater, Qs% = 78.6%, Qc% = 64.5% for Fe anode; Qs% = 62.2% , Qc% = 58.0% for Al anode.
2. Doping Ni(II) to SnO2 electrode can remarkly increase oxidation efficiency of the electrodes. The oxidation efficiency of SnO2 electrode doped 4.0 wt.% Ni(II) is highest in all SnO2 electrodes doped Ni(II). Main factors that influence electrocatalytic oxidation efficiency are charge loading and current density for the SnO2 electrode containing 4.0 wt.% Ni (II).
1、考察了影响铁和铝阳极电絮凝处理废水效果的主要因素。
2、初步评价了掺杂部分过渡金属离子的PbO_2和SnO_2电极的电催化氧化效率。
本论文研究主要获得了如下结论：
1．影响铁和铝阳极电絮凝去除纸业废水中有色有机物的主要因素是通电量和废水的pH值。在最佳的处理条件下，铁和铝阳极电絮凝对废水中的有色有机物有高的去除率。对于铁电极，Q_s％=78.6％，Q_c％=64.5％；对于铝电极，Q_s％=62.2％；Q_c％=58.0％。
2．掺杂镍可有效地提高SnO_2电极的催化氧化效率，镍的含量达到4.0％(wt.％)，SnO_2电极的催化氧化效率最高，影响掺杂镍的SnO_2电极电催化氧化效率的主要因素是通电量和电流密度。
Electrochemical methods used in environmental contaminants treatment have attracted more and more attentions for recent several decades. In these methods, electroflocculation has reached profitable commercialization in some industrial wastewater treatment. For electrocatalytic oxidation, a "environment friendly green technology", investigative interest focus on developing new electrode material recently. Our work aimed at removal of colored organics in paper-making wastewater by electroflocculation and electrocatalytic oxidation. Work has been carried out as follow:
1. To investigate main factors that influence removal efficiency of colored organics from paper-making wastewater by electroflocculation when Fe and Al metal was used as anode respectively.
2. To investigate initially electrocatalytic oxidation efficiency of PbO2 and SnO2 electrodes doped some transition metal ions.
Main experimente conclusions are given as follow:
1. Main factors that influence removal efficiency of colored organics from the wastewater are charge loading and pH value by electroflocculation when Fe and Al was used as anode respectivily. Under perfect treatment conditions, high removal efficiency of colored organics is obtained for the wastewater, Qs% = 78.6%, Qc% = 64.5% for Fe anode; Qs% = 62.2% , Qc% = 58.0% for Al anode.
2. Doping Ni(II) to SnO2 electrode can remarkly increase oxidation efficiency of the electrodes. The oxidation efficiency of SnO2 electrode doped 4.0 wt.% Ni(II) is highest in all SnO2 electrodes doped Ni(II). Main factors that influence electrocatalytic oxidation efficiency are charge loading and current density for the SnO2 electrode containing 4.0 wt.% Ni (II).
引文
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2．许晓路，申秀英，生物法在造纸废水处理中的应用。环境科学进展，1996，4(3)：52-58
3．金漫彤，陈晨宇，中空纤维膜生物反应器处理纸业废水。环境污染与防治，2001，23(3)：126-127
4．上海市环境保护局编，废水物化处理，上海：同济大学出版社，1999．
5．Yoshiaki Noma，离子交换膜废水处理技术。水处理技术，1995，21(5)：267-270
6．沈洪艳，王海云，李涛等，铝镁复合絮凝剂处理造纸废水的试验。工业用水与废水，2001，32(3)：29-31
7. Szpyrkowicz Lidia, Juzzolino Claudia, Kaul Santosh N, A comparative study on oxidation of disperse dyes by electrochemical process, ozone, hypochlorite and fenton reagent. Wat. Res. 2001,35(9):2129-2136
8．赵金辉，混凝-水解-好氧活性污泥法处理造纸废水的研究，重庆环境科学，1997，19(4)：39-43
9. H.Kelsall Gelffrey, N.Kaul Santosh, Treatment of Al_2O_3 and SiO_2 chemical mechanical polishing waste by electrodecantation and electrocoagulation. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1999, 146(11): 4124-30.
10. J.P.F. Koren, U.Syversen, State-of-the-Art Electrofiocculation. Filtration & Separation, 1995,32(2): 153-156
11. L.M.Balmer, A.W. Foulds, Electroflocculation/electroflotation for the removal of oil-in-water emulsions. Filtratin &Separation, 1986, 23(6):366-401
12. S.Rubach, I.F. Saur,Electrofiocculation: Removal of oil, heavy metals and organic compounds from oil-in-water emulsions. Filtration & Separation, 1996, 33(4):295-299
13. Gianluea Ciardelli, Nicola Ranieri, The treatment and reuse of wastewater in the textile industry by means of ozonation and eleetrofloeeulation. Wat. Res. 2000, 34(4):567-572
14. O.Dahi, T. Kuokkanen, M.Krvi et al. Treatment of acidic effluent from element chlorine free bleaching by electrolytic flocculation. Filtration & Separation, 1998, 35(8): 827-830
15. S. Rubaeh I.F. Saur, Inshore testing of produced water by eletroflocculation. Filtration & Separation, 1997, 34(8): 877-882
16. M. Gattrell and D. W. Kirk, A study of the oxidation of phenol at platinum and preoxidized platinum surfaces. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1993,140(6): 1534-40.
17. Ch. Comninellis, C.Pulgarin, Electrochemical oxidation of phenol for wastewater treatment using SnO_2 anodes, J. Appl. Electrochem. 1993, 23:108-112
18. Enric Brillas, Roser Sauleda, Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by anodic oxidation, electro-fenton, photoelectro-fenton, and peroxi-coagulation processes,J. Electrochem. Soc., 1998, 145(3): 759-765.
19. A.G.Vlyssides, M.Loizidou, P.K.Karlis et al., Electrochemical oxidation of a textile dye wastewater using a Pt/Ti electrode. J. Hazard. Mat., 1999,23:(1)41-52
20. S.-M. Lin, T.-C.Wen, Electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol in alkaline medium on RuO_2-coated Ti electrode, J. Appl. Electrochem.,1995,25:73-79
21. J.Feng, D.C.Johnson, Electrocatalysis of anodic oxygen-transfer reactions: Titanium substrates for pure and doped lead dioxides films. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1991,138(11):3328-3337.
22．陈武，李凡修，梅平，废水处理的电化学方法研究进展。湖北化工，2001，1：10-12
23. Kihira, Hiroshi, Kinetics of hetero-coagulation: 1.comparison of theory and experiment. Colloids surf. 1992, 64(3-4): 317-324.
24. Kihira, Hiroshi, Kinet. hetero-coagulation: 2. The effect of the
discreteness of surface charge. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1992, 88(16),2379-2386.
25．李亚新，国外印染废水的电化学处理。给水排水，1999，25(7)：41-44
26. M. Yousuf, A. Mollah, Robert Schennach et al. , Electrocoagulation-science and application. J. Hazard. Mat., B84, 2001:29-41
27．陈繁忠，李穗中，废水净化的电化学技术进展。重庆环境科学，1997，19(6)：19-21
28．高良进，程岩法，高压脉冲电凝聚-浮上法处理印染废水。环境污染与防治，1992，14(5)；10-13
29．陈康宁，胡中华，庄小荣，用金属阳极电解处理毛纺染整废水。化学世界，1986，8：341-344
30. Xueming Chen, Guohua Chen, Po Lock Yue. Separation of pollutants from restaurant wastewater by electrocoagulation. Separation and Purification Technology,2000, 9:65-70
31. N. Mameri, A.R. Yedddou, H. Lounii et al. Defluoridation of septentrional Sahara water of north africa by electrocoagulation process using bipolar aluminium electodes. Wat. Res., 1998,32(5): 1604-1612
32. G.J.S. Do, M.L. Chen, Decolouriztion of dye-containing solutions by electrocoagulation. J. Appl. Electrochem., 1994, 29:785-790
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