基于多Agent技术的电子商务模拟系统的研究与实现
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摘要
随着电子商务和Internet网络技术的不断发展，原有的电子商务模式不适合发展的需要，为求更主动、快捷地推动电子商务活动过程，本论文提出了一种基于多Agent的电子商务模式。
论文首先讲述了Agent和多Agent技术、电子商务技术、以及涉及到的其他技术。通过分析多Agent系统的特点和它在电子商务应用中的技术优势，然后结合Agent技术和电子商务的交易过程，论证了这种模式的可行性。在本文提出的模型中，通过一个核心部分Agent组和用户、后台数据库进行交互，来完成电子商务中的交易过程。其中详细设计部分论述了Agent组中的三种不同类型的Agent和Agent组中推理规则的形式化定义。最后系统地论述了这种模式下电子商务的工作模式和具体技术的实现。
论文中提出的模拟系统采用多Agent体系结构，根据用户的需求主动、智能、协作地从Internet上发现和收集各类信息，并对收集到的信息进行过滤、管理和反馈。模型系统针对Agent的协作性，主动性，互操作以及个性化信息检索展开，简化了电子商务系统的设计、实现和维护，为进一步实现网上商务活动的智能化多Agent做了准备。
Along with the development of Electronic Commerce (EC) and Internet technology, the former mode of EC does not fit the development, in order to find a more active and quick method to promote EC process, an simulative EC mode based on Multi-Agent technology is brought forward.
The paper firstly introduces Agent and Multi-Agent technology, EC technology, and other technologies involved. After analyses the traits of Multi-Agent system and its advantages in EC application, and then combine Agent technology and EC process, the feasibility of this kind of mode is discussed. In the introduced mode, the EC business was done through Agent group, the core part, which communicates with both users and back database. And three different kinds of Agent interface and formalization of reasoning rules of the Multi-Agent group are emphatically illustrated in the paper. Finally the paper systemically demonstrates in detail the work style and technology upon this mode.
The mode presented in the paper adopts a systematic structure of Multi-Agent, which searches and finds all kinds of information according to users' needs with characteristics of initiative, intelligence and cooperation. The model system proceeds well with an aim at Agent's traits of collaboration, initiative, mutual operation, and individual info searching, which simplifies the design, implementation and maintenance of EC system, and makes a good preparation of intelligentizing commerce activities in the Internet.
论文首先讲述了Agent和多Agent技术、电子商务技术、以及涉及到的其他技术。通过分析多Agent系统的特点和它在电子商务应用中的技术优势，然后结合Agent技术和电子商务的交易过程，论证了这种模式的可行性。在本文提出的模型中，通过一个核心部分Agent组和用户、后台数据库进行交互，来完成电子商务中的交易过程。其中详细设计部分论述了Agent组中的三种不同类型的Agent和Agent组中推理规则的形式化定义。最后系统地论述了这种模式下电子商务的工作模式和具体技术的实现。
论文中提出的模拟系统采用多Agent体系结构，根据用户的需求主动、智能、协作地从Internet上发现和收集各类信息，并对收集到的信息进行过滤、管理和反馈。模型系统针对Agent的协作性，主动性，互操作以及个性化信息检索展开，简化了电子商务系统的设计、实现和维护，为进一步实现网上商务活动的智能化多Agent做了准备。
Along with the development of Electronic Commerce (EC) and Internet technology, the former mode of EC does not fit the development, in order to find a more active and quick method to promote EC process, an simulative EC mode based on Multi-Agent technology is brought forward.
The paper firstly introduces Agent and Multi-Agent technology, EC technology, and other technologies involved. After analyses the traits of Multi-Agent system and its advantages in EC application, and then combine Agent technology and EC process, the feasibility of this kind of mode is discussed. In the introduced mode, the EC business was done through Agent group, the core part, which communicates with both users and back database. And three different kinds of Agent interface and formalization of reasoning rules of the Multi-Agent group are emphatically illustrated in the paper. Finally the paper systemically demonstrates in detail the work style and technology upon this mode.
The mode presented in the paper adopts a systematic structure of Multi-Agent, which searches and finds all kinds of information according to users' needs with characteristics of initiative, intelligence and cooperation. The model system proceeds well with an aim at Agent's traits of collaboration, initiative, mutual operation, and individual info searching, which simplifies the design, implementation and maintenance of EC system, and makes a good preparation of intelligentizing commerce activities in the Internet.
引文
[1] Jonathan Bredin, David Kotz, Daniela Rus, Market-based Resource Control for Mobile Agents, ftp://cs.dartmouth. edu/pub/kotz/papers/bredin:market. ps. Z
[2] P. C.Janca, "Pragmatic Application of Information Agent" : BIS Strategic Decisions, 1995
[3] C. Guilfoyle and E. Warner, " Intelligent Agents:The New Revo-lution in Software" , Ovurn Report, 1994
[4] Haddadi A, Sundermeyer K. Belief-Desire-Intention agent architectures, In: O' Hare GMP, Jennings NR eds, Foundations of distributed artificial intelligence. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996． 169-185
[5] Rao A S, Murray G. Multi-agent mental-state recognition and its application to air-combat modeling. In: Lesser V R ed. Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 1991, (47) ; 79-106
[6] O' Hare G M, Jennings N. Foundations of distributed artificial intelligence [M]. Wiley Inter-science, 1995．
[7] Avouris N M, Gasser L. Distributed artificial intelligence: theory and praxis [M].Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1992．
[8] Multi-Agent Systems Laboratory. Trends of multi-agent systems [EB/OL]. Http://dis. cs. umass. edu. 1999
[9] Lesser VR. Multiagent systems: an emerging subdiscipline of AI [J]. ACM Computing Surveys, 27(3) : 340-342, 1995
[10] Zhang Dongmo, Chen Shifu, Li Hongbing et al. Nonmonotonic reasoning and Multiple Belief Revision, In: Proceedings of the IJCAI-97,Japan, Morgan Kaufmann,1997． 8, 95-100
[10] Hyacinth S. Nwana and Divine T. Ndumu,A Perspective on Software Agents Research, Applied Research & Technology Department British Telecommunications Laboratories Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, Suffolk,IP5 3RE,UK.
[11] Bates, J. (1994) The role of emotion in believable agents. Communications of the ACM.37 (7) , 122-125
[12] Chavez, A. , Maes, P. (1996) Kasbah:An agent marketplace for buying and selling goods. Proceedings of First International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, London, UK
[13] Huang, J., Jennings,N.R. ,Fox, J. (1995) An agent-based approach to health care management. Int. Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence, 9 (4) , 401 ?402
[14] Janca,P.C. (1995) Pragmatic application of information agents. BIS Strategic
Report.
[15]Jennings, N.R.,Corera, J.M.,Laresgoiti, I. (1995) Developing industrial multiagent systems. In:Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-agent Systems, (ICMAS-95),423～430
[16]Maes, P. (1994) Agents that reduce work and information overload. Communication of the ACM,37(7),31～40
[17]Jeff Rosenschein, Tuomas Sandholm, Carles Sierra, Pattie Maes, and Rob Guttmann.Agent-mediated electronic commerce: Issues, chanllenges and some viewpoints. In proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 1998.3,189～196
[18]O.Shehory, K. Sycara, G. Sukthankar, and V Mukherjee. Agent aided aircraft maintenance. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents,Seattle, Washington, 1999.5
[19]K.Sycara, K. Decker, and D. Zeng. Intelligent agents in portfolio management. In N. Jennings and M. Woolridge, editors, Agent Technology:Foundations,Applications, and Markets Springer, 1998,267～283
[20]Katia Sycara, Anandeep Pannu, Mike Williamson, Dajun Zeng, and Keith Decker.Distributed intelligent agents. In IEEE Expert, 1996.12,36～45
[21]Kay Neuenhofen and Matthew Thompson. A secure marketplace for mobile jave agents.In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 1998.5,212～218
[22]刘大有、杨鲲、陈建中，Agent研究现状与发展趋势，软件学报(Journal of Software)，2000，11(3)：315～321
[23]李毅、罗翊、石纯一，多Agent系统的一种交互策略模型，软件学报，Vol．10，No．7Jul，1999
[24]何炎祥、陈燕涛等，基于多Agent的分布开放计算环境模型，高技术通信，June 1998，8(6)：16～19
[25]王怀民、陈火旺，高洪奎，面向智能主体的程序设计，计算机学报，1994，17(5)：267～375
[26]张枨，朱晓芳、俞瑞钊，基于智能Agent的网络管理，通信学报，1998，19(1)：59～64
[27]梁泉、许晓鸣、何星等，多智能体系统智能体协作层的设计与实现，上海交通大学学报，1996，30(4)：49～64
[28]吴建林、姜丽红、薛华成，专家系统与多Agent协作系统，计算机科学，1998，25(4)：46～50
[29]樊晓聪等，面向Agent软件工程(Ⅰ)：Agent计算、编程风范与语言设计，计算机科学，1998，25(3)
[30]胡蓬、石纯一、王克宏，分步式人工智能回顾与展望[J]，计算机科学，19(4)：19～35，1992
[31]陈越、王亚弟，软件Agent及其应用，微机发展，1997年第5期
[32]路军、王亚东、王晓龙，“信念—愿望—意向”Agent的研究与进展，计算机科学，1999，Vol．26 No．2，48～50
[33]刘建勋、李仁发、陈海燕，基于Agent的模糊检索接口的研究与设计，南京大学学报，第八届全国青年计算机学术会议专刊，2000年10月，671～673
[34]甘雯、李陶深，基于Multi—Agent的农业专家系统在Internet上的系统设计，计算机工程与应用，2000．10 164～165
[35]陶先平、吕建、董桓、李新，流动Agent：一种未来的分布计算模式，计算机科学，1999，Vol．26 No．2，1～4
[36]吴伟蔚、杨叔子、吴今培，基于智能Agent的故障诊断系统研究，模式识别与人工智能，2000年3月78～81
[2] P. C.Janca, "Pragmatic Application of Information Agent" : BIS Strategic Decisions, 1995
[3] C. Guilfoyle and E. Warner, " Intelligent Agents:The New Revo-lution in Software" , Ovurn Report, 1994
[4] Haddadi A, Sundermeyer K. Belief-Desire-Intention agent architectures, In: O' Hare GMP, Jennings NR eds, Foundations of distributed artificial intelligence. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996． 169-185
[5] Rao A S, Murray G. Multi-agent mental-state recognition and its application to air-combat modeling. In: Lesser V R ed. Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence, 1991, (47) ; 79-106
[6] O' Hare G M, Jennings N. Foundations of distributed artificial intelligence [M]. Wiley Inter-science, 1995．
[7] Avouris N M, Gasser L. Distributed artificial intelligence: theory and praxis [M].Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1992．
[8] Multi-Agent Systems Laboratory. Trends of multi-agent systems [EB/OL]. Http://dis. cs. umass. edu. 1999
[9] Lesser VR. Multiagent systems: an emerging subdiscipline of AI [J]. ACM Computing Surveys, 27(3) : 340-342, 1995
[10] Zhang Dongmo, Chen Shifu, Li Hongbing et al. Nonmonotonic reasoning and Multiple Belief Revision, In: Proceedings of the IJCAI-97,Japan, Morgan Kaufmann,1997． 8, 95-100
[10] Hyacinth S. Nwana and Divine T. Ndumu,A Perspective on Software Agents Research, Applied Research & Technology Department British Telecommunications Laboratories Martlesham Heath, Ipswich, Suffolk,IP5 3RE,UK.
[11] Bates, J. (1994) The role of emotion in believable agents. Communications of the ACM.37 (7) , 122-125
[12] Chavez, A. , Maes, P. (1996) Kasbah:An agent marketplace for buying and selling goods. Proceedings of First International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, London, UK
[13] Huang, J., Jennings,N.R. ,Fox, J. (1995) An agent-based approach to health care management. Int. Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence, 9 (4) , 401 ?402
[14] Janca,P.C. (1995) Pragmatic application of information agents. BIS Strategic
Report.
[15]Jennings, N.R.,Corera, J.M.,Laresgoiti, I. (1995) Developing industrial multiagent systems. In:Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-agent Systems, (ICMAS-95),423～430
[16]Maes, P. (1994) Agents that reduce work and information overload. Communication of the ACM,37(7),31～40
[17]Jeff Rosenschein, Tuomas Sandholm, Carles Sierra, Pattie Maes, and Rob Guttmann.Agent-mediated electronic commerce: Issues, chanllenges and some viewpoints. In proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 1998.3,189～196
[18]O.Shehory, K. Sycara, G. Sukthankar, and V Mukherjee. Agent aided aircraft maintenance. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents,Seattle, Washington, 1999.5
[19]K.Sycara, K. Decker, and D. Zeng. Intelligent agents in portfolio management. In N. Jennings and M. Woolridge, editors, Agent Technology:Foundations,Applications, and Markets Springer, 1998,267～283
[20]Katia Sycara, Anandeep Pannu, Mike Williamson, Dajun Zeng, and Keith Decker.Distributed intelligent agents. In IEEE Expert, 1996.12,36～45
[21]Kay Neuenhofen and Matthew Thompson. A secure marketplace for mobile jave agents.In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 1998.5,212～218
[22]刘大有、杨鲲、陈建中，Agent研究现状与发展趋势，软件学报(Journal of Software)，2000，11(3)：315～321
[23]李毅、罗翊、石纯一，多Agent系统的一种交互策略模型，软件学报，Vol．10，No．7Jul，1999
[24]何炎祥、陈燕涛等，基于多Agent的分布开放计算环境模型，高技术通信，June 1998，8(6)：16～19
[25]王怀民、陈火旺，高洪奎，面向智能主体的程序设计，计算机学报，1994，17(5)：267～375
[26]张枨，朱晓芳、俞瑞钊，基于智能Agent的网络管理，通信学报，1998，19(1)：59～64
[27]梁泉、许晓鸣、何星等，多智能体系统智能体协作层的设计与实现，上海交通大学学报，1996，30(4)：49～64
[28]吴建林、姜丽红、薛华成，专家系统与多Agent协作系统，计算机科学，1998，25(4)：46～50
[29]樊晓聪等，面向Agent软件工程(Ⅰ)：Agent计算、编程风范与语言设计，计算机科学，1998，25(3)
[30]胡蓬、石纯一、王克宏，分步式人工智能回顾与展望[J]，计算机科学，19(4)：19～35，1992
[31]陈越、王亚弟，软件Agent及其应用，微机发展，1997年第5期
[32]路军、王亚东、王晓龙，“信念—愿望—意向”Agent的研究与进展，计算机科学，1999，Vol．26 No．2，48～50
[33]刘建勋、李仁发、陈海燕，基于Agent的模糊检索接口的研究与设计，南京大学学报，第八届全国青年计算机学术会议专刊，2000年10月，671～673
[34]甘雯、李陶深，基于Multi—Agent的农业专家系统在Internet上的系统设计，计算机工程与应用，2000．10 164～165
[35]陶先平、吕建、董桓、李新，流动Agent：一种未来的分布计算模式，计算机科学，1999，Vol．26 No．2，1～4
[36]吴伟蔚、杨叔子、吴今培，基于智能Agent的故障诊断系统研究，模式识别与人工智能，2000年3月78～81