网络化井—地电法多参数测量系统研究
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摘要
注水分布和剩余油分布研究是油气开发工业中的一个研究热点,也是一个世界性难题。目前我国大多数油田已进入高含水的开发后期,平均含水率达80%以上。其中,某些油田已经接近或达到开发的经济极限,而且产量急剧下降。鉴于目前的状况,对中国的许多油田来说,剩余油分布的研究无论是在理论上还是实验上都是至关重要的。井-地电法多参数的测量可为井区剩余油挖潜提供可靠依据。随着计算机和电子技术的发展,该领域仪器正朝着高精度、多通道、多参数、多分量、大功率、数据处理与成图自动化和反演解释智能化的方向发展。
本文对网络化井-地电法多参数测量系统进行了深入研究,系统设计基于虚拟仪器技术,在原有测量井-地电阻率参数功能的基础上,加入了时间域和频率域激发极化参数和伪随机参数的测量,并实现了仪器的网络化测量,克服了原有仪器测量参数单一、无法实现动态测量的缺点。经实验验证仪器应用效果准确可靠。
In the industry of oil gas development, we can only exploit 30% of underground total reserves generally, which means there are approximately 60% of the oil still remained in the underground. In order to exploit the part of reserves rationally, we must determine its distribution in the oil reserve exactly, in other words, we need to determine the residual oil saturation and its distribution. Classical well-earth ERT testing instrument can detect the underground resistivity by the measurement of the surface electric potential. However, it can only research the distribution of the surplus oil and the edge of the water injection qualitatively and half-quantitatively. Because the dielectric constant of water exceeds that of all the rock and fossil oil far and away, the polarizability of water is so strong under the additional exciting field that we can add the induced polarization method into the field of well-earth surplus oil detection. Meanwhile, pseudo-random signal has good randomness and is easy to be dissociated from other signals and noise. At the same time, it can measure multi-frequencies apparent resistivity and the frequency of the main and others are easy to adjust which can increase the working efficiency greatly. The research on network well-earth electrical method multi-parameters detection system is based on the function of measuring resistivity in the original equipment. This system add the functions of measuring induced polarization parameters and pseudo-random parameters, meanwhile, it achieves network measuring all of which can overcome the original equipment's weakness such as signal measuring parameter, without the function of dynamic measurement. It can research on the detection of the surplus oil and the edge of water injection and provide reliable basis for tapping latent potentialities of the remaining oil.
The design of the system adopts modularized thinking and based on virtual instrument technology which is convenient for function upgrading. Under the control of the software, we get the signal of the measuring electrodes by the hardware. After preliminary amplifing、passing low-pass filte、secondary amplifing and changing of amplitude the signal is sent into multi-channels ADC for quantifying. CPLD control the time sequence. Two 8 bits FIFO are composed to 16 bits for buffering. The USB ,microcontroller control the programmable amplifier、the starting and stopping of the ADC、the feedback of DAC and the transmission to computers. In the computer, the data is processed by the measuring and controlling software to achieve the resistivity、induced polarization parameters and pseudo-random parameters. At last, these results are displayed on the coordinates map and they are also stored in the computer at the same time so that it increase the accuracy and efficiency of the detection.
The system is consisted by three parts which are the receiver、the relay station and the sub-stations. The system adopts the technology of multi-channels acquisition in synchronism in order to realize 18 channels acquisition. At the same time, the system can realize the functions of system calibration、control of the acquisition time、control of the electrode、measuring the earth resistance、choosing sampling frequency、control of magnification times and DC-offset compensation which are used to meet the requirements of the field work. The electrode intelligent switching of the system is finished by RS485 transmission. In order to the expansion of the electrode's number, the relay station is added into the system. Now 54 electrodes can be switched in the system which 288 electrodes are switched at most in order to meet more measurement field. Both the M and N electrodes are switched in every sub-station for the requirement of IP method. At the meantime, we can use the original well-earth ERT measurement mode by the function switches in the relay station which can achieve compatibility and expansibility of the system.
For IP parameters, it achieves the switchover of the electrodes by RS485 transmission. That's to say, the intelligent switchover of M electrode change into that of MN electrodes. Because the IP signal is periodical and full of stochastic noise, we adopt digital average superposition to eliminate the noise. The paper uses the software to show the effect of the method of digital average superposition. Then the experiments verify the good processing results of this method. It also studies on the characteristics of TIP and FIP parameters and designs every block according to every characteristic. Then it gives us simulation emulations and experiments indoor in order to proof its feasibility and accuracy which meet the need of the design.
For pseudo-random parameters, based on the study of the principle and the characteristic of 2~n series pseudo-random, we design the abstraction block for pseudo-random parameters. It is FFT that change the time domain signal into frequency domain for analyzing in order to extract the each basic frequency information from the pseudo-random signal. Then change each signal into time domain by inverse FFT in order to get the amplitude of each basic signal. We take three frequencies pseudo-random signal for example to show the detail process of the block function and it is proved effective by some experiments.
At last, the paper gives the detail of performance adjustment、calibration test、short-noise test、the RC network experiment for TIP and FIP、water channel experiment for TIP、pseudo-random parameters experiment. Then use TIP and resistivity method contrast experiment to prove that in the model polarizability has better resolution than apparent resistivity.
本文对网络化井-地电法多参数测量系统进行了深入研究,系统设计基于虚拟仪器技术,在原有测量井-地电阻率参数功能的基础上,加入了时间域和频率域激发极化参数和伪随机参数的测量,并实现了仪器的网络化测量,克服了原有仪器测量参数单一、无法实现动态测量的缺点。经实验验证仪器应用效果准确可靠。
In the industry of oil gas development, we can only exploit 30% of underground total reserves generally, which means there are approximately 60% of the oil still remained in the underground. In order to exploit the part of reserves rationally, we must determine its distribution in the oil reserve exactly, in other words, we need to determine the residual oil saturation and its distribution. Classical well-earth ERT testing instrument can detect the underground resistivity by the measurement of the surface electric potential. However, it can only research the distribution of the surplus oil and the edge of the water injection qualitatively and half-quantitatively. Because the dielectric constant of water exceeds that of all the rock and fossil oil far and away, the polarizability of water is so strong under the additional exciting field that we can add the induced polarization method into the field of well-earth surplus oil detection. Meanwhile, pseudo-random signal has good randomness and is easy to be dissociated from other signals and noise. At the same time, it can measure multi-frequencies apparent resistivity and the frequency of the main and others are easy to adjust which can increase the working efficiency greatly. The research on network well-earth electrical method multi-parameters detection system is based on the function of measuring resistivity in the original equipment. This system add the functions of measuring induced polarization parameters and pseudo-random parameters, meanwhile, it achieves network measuring all of which can overcome the original equipment's weakness such as signal measuring parameter, without the function of dynamic measurement. It can research on the detection of the surplus oil and the edge of water injection and provide reliable basis for tapping latent potentialities of the remaining oil.
The design of the system adopts modularized thinking and based on virtual instrument technology which is convenient for function upgrading. Under the control of the software, we get the signal of the measuring electrodes by the hardware. After preliminary amplifing、passing low-pass filte、secondary amplifing and changing of amplitude the signal is sent into multi-channels ADC for quantifying. CPLD control the time sequence. Two 8 bits FIFO are composed to 16 bits for buffering. The USB ,microcontroller control the programmable amplifier、the starting and stopping of the ADC、the feedback of DAC and the transmission to computers. In the computer, the data is processed by the measuring and controlling software to achieve the resistivity、induced polarization parameters and pseudo-random parameters. At last, these results are displayed on the coordinates map and they are also stored in the computer at the same time so that it increase the accuracy and efficiency of the detection.
The system is consisted by three parts which are the receiver、the relay station and the sub-stations. The system adopts the technology of multi-channels acquisition in synchronism in order to realize 18 channels acquisition. At the same time, the system can realize the functions of system calibration、control of the acquisition time、control of the electrode、measuring the earth resistance、choosing sampling frequency、control of magnification times and DC-offset compensation which are used to meet the requirements of the field work. The electrode intelligent switching of the system is finished by RS485 transmission. In order to the expansion of the electrode's number, the relay station is added into the system. Now 54 electrodes can be switched in the system which 288 electrodes are switched at most in order to meet more measurement field. Both the M and N electrodes are switched in every sub-station for the requirement of IP method. At the meantime, we can use the original well-earth ERT measurement mode by the function switches in the relay station which can achieve compatibility and expansibility of the system.
For IP parameters, it achieves the switchover of the electrodes by RS485 transmission. That's to say, the intelligent switchover of M electrode change into that of MN electrodes. Because the IP signal is periodical and full of stochastic noise, we adopt digital average superposition to eliminate the noise. The paper uses the software to show the effect of the method of digital average superposition. Then the experiments verify the good processing results of this method. It also studies on the characteristics of TIP and FIP parameters and designs every block according to every characteristic. Then it gives us simulation emulations and experiments indoor in order to proof its feasibility and accuracy which meet the need of the design.
For pseudo-random parameters, based on the study of the principle and the characteristic of 2~n series pseudo-random, we design the abstraction block for pseudo-random parameters. It is FFT that change the time domain signal into frequency domain for analyzing in order to extract the each basic frequency information from the pseudo-random signal. Then change each signal into time domain by inverse FFT in order to get the amplitude of each basic signal. We take three frequencies pseudo-random signal for example to show the detail process of the block function and it is proved effective by some experiments.
At last, the paper gives the detail of performance adjustment、calibration test、short-noise test、the RC network experiment for TIP and FIP、water channel experiment for TIP、pseudo-random parameters experiment. Then use TIP and resistivity method contrast experiment to prove that in the model polarizability has better resolution than apparent resistivity.
引文
[1]李洪玺,刘全稳,温长云等.剩余油分布及其挖潜研究综述[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(3):8
[2]高博禹,彭仕宓,王建波.剩余油形成与分布的研究现状及发展趋势[J].特种油气藏,2004,11(4):7
[3]Shao Lei,Lin Jun,Wei Jianrong et al.Design and application of multi-channel simultaneous detection system of well-earth potential[C].4th International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology,Aug.8-12,2006.Harbin,China.Vol 1:704-708
[4]Barker R.A simple algorithm for electrical imaging of the sub-surface[M].First Break,1992,10(2):53-62
[5]Hoversten G M,Newman G A and Morisson H F etal.Reservoir characterization using crosswell electromagnetic inversion:A feasibility study for the Snorre field,Notrh Sea[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):77-89
[6]曼继堂.激发极化法找水工作中的应用[J].化工矿产地质,1996,18(3):245
[7]邵雷.井地电位检测系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学硕士论文,2006.6:8-9
[8]吴汉荣,何裕盛.充电法去定钻井压裂裂缝方位的研究[C].见:付良魁编.电法勘探文集,地质出版社,1986:144-153
[9]李志武,周燕云.钻井压裂裂缝方位测量仪的应用[J].地矿部地球物理地球化学勘查研究所刊,1987,(1):214-218
[10]陈儒军,罗维炳,何继善等.WDD-2伪随机多频电法接收机[J].石油仪器,2003,17(6).
[11]林君.现代科学仪器及其发展趋势[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2002,20(1):2-5
[12]秦树人.虚拟仪器[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2004.
[13]程德福,林君.智能仪器设计基础[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2005:10-15
[14]付华,郭虹,徐耀松.智能仪器设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007:221-230
[15]康华光,陈大钦.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:366
[16]钱峰.EZ-USB FX2单片机原理、编程及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:365-371
[17]叶昀,林君,周志恒.USB设备在光谱仪中的应用研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(2):158-159
[18]王成儒,李英伟.USB2.0原理与工程开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:10-25
[19]沈兰荪.高速数据采集系统的原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1995.
[20]费锡铨.电法勘探—原理与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:152-153
[21]高晋占.微弱信号检测[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:226-237
[22]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:195-203
[23]何继善.双频激电法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:1-4
[24]何继善,鲍光淑,张友山.双频道数字激电仪[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1988:1-5
[25]陈儒军,何继善,白宜诚等.双频激电仪的建模与仿真分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(4).
[26]何继善.激发极化法的测量精度及其对应用的影响[J].物探与化探,1995,19(1):45-46
[27]Hans-Jurgen,Zepernic,Adolf Filger.Pseudo Random Signal Processing Theory and Application[M].Wiley & Sons Ltd,2007.
[28]孙淑琴,林君,罗军等.伪随机序列发射电路设计与实验[J].国外电子测量技术,2004(3):14
[29]陈儒军.伪随机多频电磁法观测系统研究[D].长沙:中南大学博士论文,2003.5:38-39
[30]陈儒军,罗维炳,何继善等.高精度多频电法数据采集系统[J].物探与化探,2003,27(5):377-378
[31]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:216-227
[32]付国红,何继善,陈一平等.检测双频激电仪性能的一种简易RC网络[J].物探与化探,2004,31(2).
[33]康华光,邹寿彬.数字电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[34]林君,别红霞.电子电路系统及标准最佳设计及实践[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.
[2]高博禹,彭仕宓,王建波.剩余油形成与分布的研究现状及发展趋势[J].特种油气藏,2004,11(4):7
[3]Shao Lei,Lin Jun,Wei Jianrong et al.Design and application of multi-channel simultaneous detection system of well-earth potential[C].4th International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology,Aug.8-12,2006.Harbin,China.Vol 1:704-708
[4]Barker R.A simple algorithm for electrical imaging of the sub-surface[M].First Break,1992,10(2):53-62
[5]Hoversten G M,Newman G A and Morisson H F etal.Reservoir characterization using crosswell electromagnetic inversion:A feasibility study for the Snorre field,Notrh Sea[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):77-89
[6]曼继堂.激发极化法找水工作中的应用[J].化工矿产地质,1996,18(3):245
[7]邵雷.井地电位检测系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学硕士论文,2006.6:8-9
[8]吴汉荣,何裕盛.充电法去定钻井压裂裂缝方位的研究[C].见:付良魁编.电法勘探文集,地质出版社,1986:144-153
[9]李志武,周燕云.钻井压裂裂缝方位测量仪的应用[J].地矿部地球物理地球化学勘查研究所刊,1987,(1):214-218
[10]陈儒军,罗维炳,何继善等.WDD-2伪随机多频电法接收机[J].石油仪器,2003,17(6).
[11]林君.现代科学仪器及其发展趋势[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2002,20(1):2-5
[12]秦树人.虚拟仪器[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2004.
[13]程德福,林君.智能仪器设计基础[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,2005:10-15
[14]付华,郭虹,徐耀松.智能仪器设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007:221-230
[15]康华光,陈大钦.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:366
[16]钱峰.EZ-USB FX2单片机原理、编程及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:365-371
[17]叶昀,林君,周志恒.USB设备在光谱仪中的应用研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(2):158-159
[18]王成儒,李英伟.USB2.0原理与工程开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:10-25
[19]沈兰荪.高速数据采集系统的原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1995.
[20]费锡铨.电法勘探—原理与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:152-153
[21]高晋占.微弱信号检测[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:226-237
[22]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:195-203
[23]何继善.双频激电法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:1-4
[24]何继善,鲍光淑,张友山.双频道数字激电仪[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1988:1-5
[25]陈儒军,何继善,白宜诚等.双频激电仪的建模与仿真分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(4).
[26]何继善.激发极化法的测量精度及其对应用的影响[J].物探与化探,1995,19(1):45-46
[27]Hans-Jurgen,Zepernic,Adolf Filger.Pseudo Random Signal Processing Theory and Application[M].Wiley & Sons Ltd,2007.
[28]孙淑琴,林君,罗军等.伪随机序列发射电路设计与实验[J].国外电子测量技术,2004(3):14
[29]陈儒军.伪随机多频电磁法观测系统研究[D].长沙:中南大学博士论文,2003.5:38-39
[30]陈儒军,罗维炳,何继善等.高精度多频电法数据采集系统[J].物探与化探,2003,27(5):377-378
[31]李金铭.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:216-227
[32]付国红,何继善,陈一平等.检测双频激电仪性能的一种简易RC网络[J].物探与化探,2004,31(2).
[33]康华光,邹寿彬.数字电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[34]林君,别红霞.电子电路系统及标准最佳设计及实践[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.