地下磁流体探测方法研究与仪器开发
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摘要
水源勘查是重要的基础工程,地下水资源是人类不可缺少的资源,合理开采和利用地下水资源是当今重大的问题。地下水探测主要应用在:(1)生产、生活用水的开采,其要求水量丰富、水质良好;(2)矿区水害防治,可靠监测老窑采空区、断层的富水性及发育情况;(3)坝堤防洪,准确查明水库、湖区堤身渗漏和基础管涌。传统的探测方法是将寻找固体矿产的物探方法应用在地下水探测上,探测仪器测量值反映的是地质体物性综合值,属于静态信息,这个物理量所显示的是地下的那种固体矿产或地下水全凭解释者的主观经验,存在多解性问题。本文研究的地下磁流体探测方法是以探测地下磁流体在天然电场中的电磁响应信息的一种物探方法,通过复解析滤波的数字分析方法提取出探针上的地下水流动的动态信息,再由动态信息的频率和幅度关系可以推断出该深度下地下水含量的多少,从而可定性、定量的分析地下水赋存情况。
论文通过理论分析、仪器设计、野外试验等对地下磁流体探测技术进行了详细讨论,主要研究内容如下:
(1)地下磁流体的形成机理研究。通过分析地下水的种类、流动方式及其特征,建立了地下磁流体的数学模型,探索出地下磁流体具有动态信息的特征。
(2)基于复解析滤波的地下磁流体探测方法研究。通过分析频谱细化原理、复解析滤波器设计方法,提出了一种基于复解析滤波的地下磁流体动态信息提取方法。
(3)硬件电路设计。根据地下磁流体机理、探测方法,设计了包括S3C2440A最小系统、信号采集电路、SD卡存储电路、LCD显示与输入电路、USB&GPS电路和电源管理电路等部分组成的探测仪器。
(4)驱动程序设计和应用程序开发。在熟悉WinCE操作系统内核的定制和编译步骤、BSP(板级支持包)移植的基础上,开发了WinCE驱动模型、数据采集模块驱动、USB驱动程序等,实现了基于WinCE的地下磁流体应用软件。
(5)野外试验和仪器验证。通过永耒铁路公司水井勘测、湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿老空区探测等大量实验与总结,验证了地下磁流体探测方法及仪器能可靠探测地下水径流通道、矿区老窑等。
Water source exploration is an important foundamental engineering.Groundwater resource is an indispensable resource for human beings. Rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources are major issues in today's.Groundwater exploration is mainly used in the following aspects: (1) Exploitation of production and domestic water need to be a large quantity and of good quality;(2) Control water disasters at coal mines, monitor the coal mine's old kiln goaf, rich water-based of the fault and the development of small faults reliably;(3) Prevent and control embankment flood, accuratly identify the leakage of the levee in lakes,reservoir and the basis of piping tunnel. Applying the geophysical method which is used to search for the solid minerals to the detection of groundwater is the traditional method, the values obtained by the detector reflect the integrated value of the properties of the geological body which is static information. What kind of solid mineral or groundwater underground shown by this physical variable is completely depended on the subjective experience of the interpreter,which may have multiplicate answers.This paper presents a method, underground magnetic fluid detection method to detect groundwater.This method is a geophysical one that detects the electromagnetic response information of the underground magnetic fluid in the natural electric field.This method extracts the dynamic information of the groundwater flow with complex analytical filtering which is digital analysis method. We can infer the volume of the groundwater through the relationship between the frequency and the amplitude of the dynamic information, and then we can analysis the groundwater conditions qualitativlyly and .quantitativly.
In this paper, the detection technology of underground magnetic fluid detection method has been studied in detail through theoretical analysis, instrument design and field test. The main research contents are as follows:
1. Studies of underground magnetic fluid's formation mechanism.By analysising the type,the way and the features of the groundwater,a mathematical model of the underground magnetic fluid has been established and the characteristics that underground magnetic fluid exhibits dynamic information has been explored.
2. Studies of underground magnetic fluid's detection method based on complex analytical filtering.By analysising the detailed principles of spectrum and the design method of the complex analytical filter,a extraction method of underground magnetic fluid's dynamic information has been made.
3. Hardware circuit design. According to the mechanism and the detection method of underground magnetic fluid,a detector has been designed,including S3C2440A minimum System, signal acquisition circuit, SD card storage circuit, LCD display and input circuit, USB&GPS circuit, power management circuit,and so on.
4. Driver design and application development.Based on familiar with Customing WinCE operating system kernel and its compile step ,BSP(Board Support Packaget)'s transplantation, winCE driver model, data acquisition module driver and USB driver have been developed, underground magnetic fluid applications has been realized based on WinCE.
5. Field test and instrument verification. With a large number of experiments and summary at Wing Lei Railway Corporation's wells investigation and goaf detection of Huangshaping Lead-Zinc,hunan,the fact that underground magnetic fluid detection method has been verified,and the detector can detect the run-off channel of the ground water ,the mine old kiln,etc,reliablly.
论文通过理论分析、仪器设计、野外试验等对地下磁流体探测技术进行了详细讨论,主要研究内容如下:
(1)地下磁流体的形成机理研究。通过分析地下水的种类、流动方式及其特征,建立了地下磁流体的数学模型,探索出地下磁流体具有动态信息的特征。
(2)基于复解析滤波的地下磁流体探测方法研究。通过分析频谱细化原理、复解析滤波器设计方法,提出了一种基于复解析滤波的地下磁流体动态信息提取方法。
(3)硬件电路设计。根据地下磁流体机理、探测方法,设计了包括S3C2440A最小系统、信号采集电路、SD卡存储电路、LCD显示与输入电路、USB&GPS电路和电源管理电路等部分组成的探测仪器。
(4)驱动程序设计和应用程序开发。在熟悉WinCE操作系统内核的定制和编译步骤、BSP(板级支持包)移植的基础上,开发了WinCE驱动模型、数据采集模块驱动、USB驱动程序等,实现了基于WinCE的地下磁流体应用软件。
(5)野外试验和仪器验证。通过永耒铁路公司水井勘测、湖南黄沙坪铅锌矿老空区探测等大量实验与总结,验证了地下磁流体探测方法及仪器能可靠探测地下水径流通道、矿区老窑等。
Water source exploration is an important foundamental engineering.Groundwater resource is an indispensable resource for human beings. Rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources are major issues in today's.Groundwater exploration is mainly used in the following aspects: (1) Exploitation of production and domestic water need to be a large quantity and of good quality;(2) Control water disasters at coal mines, monitor the coal mine's old kiln goaf, rich water-based of the fault and the development of small faults reliably;(3) Prevent and control embankment flood, accuratly identify the leakage of the levee in lakes,reservoir and the basis of piping tunnel. Applying the geophysical method which is used to search for the solid minerals to the detection of groundwater is the traditional method, the values obtained by the detector reflect the integrated value of the properties of the geological body which is static information. What kind of solid mineral or groundwater underground shown by this physical variable is completely depended on the subjective experience of the interpreter,which may have multiplicate answers.This paper presents a method, underground magnetic fluid detection method to detect groundwater.This method is a geophysical one that detects the electromagnetic response information of the underground magnetic fluid in the natural electric field.This method extracts the dynamic information of the groundwater flow with complex analytical filtering which is digital analysis method. We can infer the volume of the groundwater through the relationship between the frequency and the amplitude of the dynamic information, and then we can analysis the groundwater conditions qualitativlyly and .quantitativly.
In this paper, the detection technology of underground magnetic fluid detection method has been studied in detail through theoretical analysis, instrument design and field test. The main research contents are as follows:
1. Studies of underground magnetic fluid's formation mechanism.By analysising the type,the way and the features of the groundwater,a mathematical model of the underground magnetic fluid has been established and the characteristics that underground magnetic fluid exhibits dynamic information has been explored.
2. Studies of underground magnetic fluid's detection method based on complex analytical filtering.By analysising the detailed principles of spectrum and the design method of the complex analytical filter,a extraction method of underground magnetic fluid's dynamic information has been made.
3. Hardware circuit design. According to the mechanism and the detection method of underground magnetic fluid,a detector has been designed,including S3C2440A minimum System, signal acquisition circuit, SD card storage circuit, LCD display and input circuit, USB&GPS circuit, power management circuit,and so on.
4. Driver design and application development.Based on familiar with Customing WinCE operating system kernel and its compile step ,BSP(Board Support Packaget)'s transplantation, winCE driver model, data acquisition module driver and USB driver have been developed, underground magnetic fluid applications has been realized based on WinCE.
5. Field test and instrument verification. With a large number of experiments and summary at Wing Lei Railway Corporation's wells investigation and goaf detection of Huangshaping Lead-Zinc,hunan,the fact that underground magnetic fluid detection method has been verified,and the detector can detect the run-off channel of the ground water ,the mine old kiln,etc,reliablly.
引文
[1]张宗祜.中国地下水的现状与未来[R].北京国际会议中心:第34届国际水文地质大会,2006.
[2]国家发展改革委关于印发煤矿瓦斯治理与利用总体方案的通知.http://www.lawtime.cn/info/laodong/ldxw/2005111717061_5.html.
[3]李志聃,葛宝.电法探测矿井涌水通道的地质效果[J].煤田地质与勘探,1994,44(1):48-51.
[4]刘钊剡.电法勘探在金矿普查中的应用[J].黄金,1995,16(12):2-6.
[5]张胜,韩许恒等.高密度电法在采空区勘测中的应用[J].灾害学,2005,20(4):64-66.
[6]赵光辉.高密度电法勘探技术及其应用[J].矿产与地质,2006,20(2):167-178.
[7]孙立东.自然放射性法探测煤矿隐伏水体的探讨[J].矿山测量,1990,16(3):55-56.
[8]万乐,潘玉玲.用核磁共振方法探查岩溶水[J].CT理论与应用研究,1999,8(3):15-19.
[9]潘玉玲,万乐.核磁共振找水方法的现状和发展趋势[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(1):106-108.
[10]王光海,李高明.用核磁共振测井确定渗透率的原理和方法分析[J].测井技术,2001,25(1):101-104.
[11]Tichonov,A.N.,Mathematical basis of the theory of electromagnetic sounding USSR Compute[J].Math.and Math.Phys.5:207-211,1965.
[12]M.H.别尔季切夫斯基,M.C.日丹诺夫.地球变化电磁场异常的解释[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.
[13]Weidelt,D.P.,The inverse problem of geomagnetic induction[J].Zeiuchriz fur geophyrik,38:257-289,1972.
[14]Whittall,K.P.and Oldenburg D.W.,Inverse of magnetotelluric data using a practical inverse scattering formulation[J].Geophysics,51:389-395,1986.
[15]Levy,B.C.,Layer by layer reconstruction methods for the earth resistivity from direct-current measurements[J].IEEE GE-23:841-850,1985.
[16]Liu Hong,Yang Qiji,New method for low frequency EM inversion,1988 International Sym-possum on Radio Propagation,Beijing,227-230,1988.
[17]Helliwell,R.A.,Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena[J].Stanford University Press,1965.
[18]LiuHong,YangQiji,Research and design for the geoelectric cepstrum detector[S].勘探地球物理北京(89)国际讨论会.1989.
[19]李明辉.天然电场选频法推广应用及效果[J].湖南地质,1991,10(1):84-88.
[20]杨荣丰,张可能等.利用天然电场选频法的动、静态信息确定地下径流通道[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(4):25-27.
[21]曹英武.天然电场选频法在找水中的应用[J].国土资源导报,2006,3(3):142-143.
[22]张明锋,张水根等.天然电场选频法在地下水资源探测中的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,2003,1:24-25.
[23]杨昌武.天然电场选频法在水文地质和工程地质中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004,5:86-88.
[24]黄采伦,应文亮.地下磁流体检测仪[P].中国:98230684.9,1999-05-12.
[25]黄采伦,应文亮.找水用地下磁流体检测方法及检测仪[P].中国:98112538.7,2003-12-10.
[26]黄采伦,张剑等.地下磁流体探测技术及应用[Z].国家科技成果.
[27]杨荣丰.地下径流通道的形成、特征及其探测技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
[28]黄锡荃,李惠明,金伯欣.水文学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[29]王齐仁.天然交变电场动态特征研究[J].煤田地质与勘探.2001,29(2):52-55.
[30]黄采伦,樊晓平,陈特放.列车故障在线诊断技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
[31]黄采伦,余小华,陈安华等.基于频谱细化的列车轮对轴承故障在线检测[J].中国工程科学,2007,09(7):61-64.
[32]Olaf M,Rolf I.Application of model-based fault detection to a brushless DC motor.IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(5):1015-1020.
[33]Kenneth A L,Adams M L,et al.Fault Detection and diagnosis of rotating machinery.IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(5):1005-1014.
[34]Chow T W S,Tan H Z.HOS-based nonparametric and parametric methodologies for machine fault detection.IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(5):1051-1059.
[35]丁康,谢州等.基于复解析带通滤波器的复调制细化谱分析原理和方法[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(1):33-39.
[36]谢明,丁康.基于复解析带通滤波器的复调制细化讲分析的算法研究[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(4):480-483.
[37]Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd.S3C2440A 32-Bit CMOS Microcontroller User's Manual,Revisionl[M].2004.
[38]Samsung Electronics Co.,LTD.LTV350QV-F04 Product Information[M].2005.
[39]InteI,Microsoft,NE.Universat Serial Bus Specification Revision 1.1[M].1998.
[40]Fastrax.Technicai Interface Description uPatch100-S GPS Receiver ver1.0[M].2006.
[41]Linear Technology Corporation.LTC3455 Dual DC/DC Converter with USB Power Manager and Li-Ion Battery Charger data sheet[M].2006.
[42]周毓林等.WindowsCE.net内核定制及应用开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[43]JiangMin.A Design of Embedded Terminal Unit Based on ARM and WindowsCE.Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007.ICEMI'07.8th Intemational Conference on Aug.16 2007-July 18 2007:2-336-2-340.
[44]白浪,张思东.WINCE系统下BootLoader的开发[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(2):24-26.
[45]库少,平方俊.基于S3C2410的Windows CE 5.0 BSP移植[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(2):116-118.
[46]姜波.Windows CE.Net程序设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[47]张伟,贺赛先.基于WinCE.Net的USB Camera驱动开发[J].计算机工程,2006,32(13):274-276.
[2]国家发展改革委关于印发煤矿瓦斯治理与利用总体方案的通知.http://www.lawtime.cn/info/laodong/ldxw/2005111717061_5.html.
[3]李志聃,葛宝.电法探测矿井涌水通道的地质效果[J].煤田地质与勘探,1994,44(1):48-51.
[4]刘钊剡.电法勘探在金矿普查中的应用[J].黄金,1995,16(12):2-6.
[5]张胜,韩许恒等.高密度电法在采空区勘测中的应用[J].灾害学,2005,20(4):64-66.
[6]赵光辉.高密度电法勘探技术及其应用[J].矿产与地质,2006,20(2):167-178.
[7]孙立东.自然放射性法探测煤矿隐伏水体的探讨[J].矿山测量,1990,16(3):55-56.
[8]万乐,潘玉玲.用核磁共振方法探查岩溶水[J].CT理论与应用研究,1999,8(3):15-19.
[9]潘玉玲,万乐.核磁共振找水方法的现状和发展趋势[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(1):106-108.
[10]王光海,李高明.用核磁共振测井确定渗透率的原理和方法分析[J].测井技术,2001,25(1):101-104.
[11]Tichonov,A.N.,Mathematical basis of the theory of electromagnetic sounding USSR Compute[J].Math.and Math.Phys.5:207-211,1965.
[12]M.H.别尔季切夫斯基,M.C.日丹诺夫.地球变化电磁场异常的解释[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.
[13]Weidelt,D.P.,The inverse problem of geomagnetic induction[J].Zeiuchriz fur geophyrik,38:257-289,1972.
[14]Whittall,K.P.and Oldenburg D.W.,Inverse of magnetotelluric data using a practical inverse scattering formulation[J].Geophysics,51:389-395,1986.
[15]Levy,B.C.,Layer by layer reconstruction methods for the earth resistivity from direct-current measurements[J].IEEE GE-23:841-850,1985.
[16]Liu Hong,Yang Qiji,New method for low frequency EM inversion,1988 International Sym-possum on Radio Propagation,Beijing,227-230,1988.
[17]Helliwell,R.A.,Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena[J].Stanford University Press,1965.
[18]LiuHong,YangQiji,Research and design for the geoelectric cepstrum detector[S].勘探地球物理北京(89)国际讨论会.1989.
[19]李明辉.天然电场选频法推广应用及效果[J].湖南地质,1991,10(1):84-88.
[20]杨荣丰,张可能等.利用天然电场选频法的动、静态信息确定地下径流通道[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(4):25-27.
[21]曹英武.天然电场选频法在找水中的应用[J].国土资源导报,2006,3(3):142-143.
[22]张明锋,张水根等.天然电场选频法在地下水资源探测中的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,2003,1:24-25.
[23]杨昌武.天然电场选频法在水文地质和工程地质中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004,5:86-88.
[24]黄采伦,应文亮.地下磁流体检测仪[P].中国:98230684.9,1999-05-12.
[25]黄采伦,应文亮.找水用地下磁流体检测方法及检测仪[P].中国:98112538.7,2003-12-10.
[26]黄采伦,张剑等.地下磁流体探测技术及应用[Z].国家科技成果.
[27]杨荣丰.地下径流通道的形成、特征及其探测技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
[28]黄锡荃,李惠明,金伯欣.水文学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[29]王齐仁.天然交变电场动态特征研究[J].煤田地质与勘探.2001,29(2):52-55.
[30]黄采伦,樊晓平,陈特放.列车故障在线诊断技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
[31]黄采伦,余小华,陈安华等.基于频谱细化的列车轮对轴承故障在线检测[J].中国工程科学,2007,09(7):61-64.
[32]Olaf M,Rolf I.Application of model-based fault detection to a brushless DC motor.IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(5):1015-1020.
[33]Kenneth A L,Adams M L,et al.Fault Detection and diagnosis of rotating machinery.IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(5):1005-1014.
[34]Chow T W S,Tan H Z.HOS-based nonparametric and parametric methodologies for machine fault detection.IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2000,47(5):1051-1059.
[35]丁康,谢州等.基于复解析带通滤波器的复调制细化谱分析原理和方法[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(1):33-39.
[36]谢明,丁康.基于复解析带通滤波器的复调制细化讲分析的算法研究[J].振动工程学报,2002,15(4):480-483.
[37]Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd.S3C2440A 32-Bit CMOS Microcontroller User's Manual,Revisionl[M].2004.
[38]Samsung Electronics Co.,LTD.LTV350QV-F04 Product Information[M].2005.
[39]InteI,Microsoft,NE.Universat Serial Bus Specification Revision 1.1[M].1998.
[40]Fastrax.Technicai Interface Description uPatch100-S GPS Receiver ver1.0[M].2006.
[41]Linear Technology Corporation.LTC3455 Dual DC/DC Converter with USB Power Manager and Li-Ion Battery Charger data sheet[M].2006.
[42]周毓林等.WindowsCE.net内核定制及应用开发[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[43]JiangMin.A Design of Embedded Terminal Unit Based on ARM and WindowsCE.Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007.ICEMI'07.8th Intemational Conference on Aug.16 2007-July 18 2007:2-336-2-340.
[44]白浪,张思东.WINCE系统下BootLoader的开发[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(2):24-26.
[45]库少,平方俊.基于S3C2410的Windows CE 5.0 BSP移植[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(2):116-118.
[46]姜波.Windows CE.Net程序设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[47]张伟,贺赛先.基于WinCE.Net的USB Camera驱动开发[J].计算机工程,2006,32(13):274-276.