磁井径测井方法的研究
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摘要
本文针对油井套管最常见的井径异常和裂缝缺陷,利用涡流无损检测技术,将一个载有交变电流的检测线圈探入套管,套管的井径异常和裂缝直接表现为与检测线圈距离的变化。在测量系统参数固定的条件下,线圈阻抗与这个距离呈单值对应关系,在满足场论向路论转换的条件下,推导出了引起线圈交流阻抗变化的理论公式。通过理论计算曲线可以得出:井径的变化与线圈输出阻抗在一定范围内呈线性关系,并且对裂缝的检测有较高的灵敏度;测量时应注意选取发射线圈尺寸,发射线圈尺寸大,线性范围增加,但灵敏度降低,灵敏度与线性范围相互矛盾;发射线圈尺寸相同时,井径越小,测量裂缝越灵敏。利用发射线圈与电容并联的谐振调幅电路,将线圈阻抗变化转换成电压的输出。文中对井径、裂缝长度与厚度、发射探头激励频率、套管磁导率、探头偏心等因素对测量结果的影响作了理论分析,为套管缺陷检测提供了定量解释理论依据。
This paper gives an eddy current inspection method for the most common defects occurring in oil pipe casing ,which are known as diameter abnormity and crack. The detection coil carrying alternating current were lowered into pipe and the diameter abnormity and crack were directly represented by the changes in distance between the defect and the detection coil. Under condition that the measurement system parameters were fixed, the alternating current coil impedance is corresponding to such distance in monotropy. Based on the assumption that the field theory can be converted to circuit theory, a theoretic formula representing the change in alternating current impedance of the coil was derived. It is shown that there is a linear relationship between the change in pipe diameter and coil impedance within a certain range by the theoretic calculation, in addition, the coil impedance is sensitive to the crack of casing. When measuring, the size of emitting coil shall be carefully selected in order to match the pipe diameter. The linear range is increased with the increase of emitting coil size, but the sensitivity will be decreased, exhibiting a contradiction between the sensitivity and the linear range; If the size of emitting coil keeps unchanged, the sensitivity of casing crack measurement is increased with the decrease in pipe diameter. The emitting coil and capacitance are connected in parallel and form a resonant amplitude-modulation circuit,which converts the impedance into output voltage. The influence factors are analyzed on the measurement such as pipe diameter, length of casing crack and thickness, excitation frequency of emitting coil, casing magnetic conductivity and emitting coil eccentricity , etc. it provids a theoretic foundation for the quantitative interpretation of casing inspection.
This paper gives an eddy current inspection method for the most common defects occurring in oil pipe casing ,which are known as diameter abnormity and crack. The detection coil carrying alternating current were lowered into pipe and the diameter abnormity and crack were directly represented by the changes in distance between the defect and the detection coil. Under condition that the measurement system parameters were fixed, the alternating current coil impedance is corresponding to such distance in monotropy. Based on the assumption that the field theory can be converted to circuit theory, a theoretic formula representing the change in alternating current impedance of the coil was derived. It is shown that there is a linear relationship between the change in pipe diameter and coil impedance within a certain range by the theoretic calculation, in addition, the coil impedance is sensitive to the crack of casing. When measuring, the size of emitting coil shall be carefully selected in order to match the pipe diameter. The linear range is increased with the increase of emitting coil size, but the sensitivity will be decreased, exhibiting a contradiction between the sensitivity and the linear range; If the size of emitting coil keeps unchanged, the sensitivity of casing crack measurement is increased with the decrease in pipe diameter. The emitting coil and capacitance are connected in parallel and form a resonant amplitude-modulation circuit,which converts the impedance into output voltage. The influence factors are analyzed on the measurement such as pipe diameter, length of casing crack and thickness, excitation frequency of emitting coil, casing magnetic conductivity and emitting coil eccentricity , etc. it provids a theoretic foundation for the quantitative interpretation of casing inspection.
引文
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[5]David C Dobson, Peter G Kaup,Monitoring underground flows with electromagnetic methods ,Inverse Problems,1999,(15):597–613
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[45]Arvi Kruusinga,b,Optimizing magnetization orientation of permanent magnets for maximal gradient force,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials ,2001,(234):545~555
[46]K.W.Andrews,The structure of non-destructive testing,Br.J.Appl.Phys.,1961,12: 127~133
[47] Kafr El-Sheikh, The transient behaviour of the magnetic field strength at any distance above the duct , Applied Mathematics and Computation 2003,138(1):91~98
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eddy current problems at power frequency .Proceeding IEEE Trans,1997:1026-1034
[49]曲民兴、司学屯,电磁无损检测与数值计算—涡流检测探头信号的有限元预估,无损检测,1994,16(6):172~177
[50]刘泽、何敏、徐立军等,电磁层析成像系统信号检测与处理的优化设计,天津大学学报,2001,34(4):425~429
[51]任吉林,涡流检测技术近20年的进展,无损检测 ,1998,20(5):121~125
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[2]Jack Blitz ,Nondestructive testing using electromagnetic instrumentation ,J.Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.,1983,16(12):1135~1141
[3] LuisVergara-Dominguez ,JoskManuelPaez-Borrallo ,Backscattering grain noise modelling in ultrasonic non-destructive testing alloying processes ,Waves in Random Media ,1991,(1):81~92
[4] K.Sawaragi,H.J.Salzburgerb and so on,Technical note Improvement of SH-wave EMAT phased array inspectionby new eight segment probes ,Nuclear Engineering and Design ,2000,(198):153~163
[5]David C Dobson, Peter G Kaup,Monitoring underground flows with electromagnetic methods ,Inverse Problems,1999,(15):597–613
[6]司家屯、曲民兴,电磁无损检测与数值计算—漏磁检测中的有限元分析,无损检测,1994,16(5):137~140
[7]何辅云、王晓芒、张勇等,油汽输送管道电磁在线检测技术,合肥工业大学学报, 2002,25(2):218~221
[8]何岭松、周义刚、康宜华,数字化电磁无损检测信号的频域数字滤波,无损检测,2003,25(4):195~197
[9]于喜元、楼俊君、杨平,管道超声检测器的应用与发展趋势, 油气储运,2003,22(4): 35~37
[10]王任一、张鹏翼,瞬变脉冲二次场测定金属管道腐蚀程度的方法,油气田地面工程, 2000,19(6):39~40
[11]许煜东、王军平、王波,混凝土缺陷无损检测新技术一脉冲回波法,水电勘测设计,2003,(45):25~29
[12]丁辉、张寒、李晓红等,磁记忆检测裂纹类缺陷的理论模型,无损检测,2002,24(2):78~80
[13]张家梁、吕恬生、郭剑鹰,在役缆索自动检测,无损检测,2003,25(2):99~101
[14]任吉林,电磁无损检测的新进展,无损探伤, 2001,(5):1~4,28
[15]孟凡顺、郭海燕、牛超群,用电磁技术检测套管的原理及其应用,测井技术, 1995(3):164~167
[16]黄桂柏、王淑英,瞬变电磁法在埋地钢质管道腐蚀检测中的应用,石油化工腐蚀与防护,2001,18(4):39~42
[17]蒋齐密、郑小年、陈吉红等,电磁场无损检测中的信号发生电路设计,机电工程,1999,(1):44~45
[18]谭继文、李文华、张志新,液压支架活塞杆伸缩距离的电磁检测法,阜新矿业学院学报,1997,16(6):718~721
[19]王新平,电磁超声技术在无损检测中的应用:57~58
[20]彭应秋译,热交换器和锅炉管道缺陷的电磁声换能器快速定位,无损检测 ,1999,22(1):37~38,41
[21]孙麟治、陆林海、秦亲捷等,微型机器人用于检查管道内的缺陷,光学精密工程,2003,11(1):11~16
[22]刘宏、宋文淼、赵昌龄,开端同轴线的电磁场研究及其在无损检测中的应用,电子科学学刊,1993,15(1):98~102
[23]高玉译,用于超声无损检测的光导纤维与电磁声换能器一体化装置,试验技术与试验机:45~48
[24]李雨润、王军、田力男等,自组式涡流探伤仪的试验研究,无损探伤, 2000,(6):27~28
[25]朱彩芳译,金属线材裂纹和杂质的检测-涡流和电磁感应组合检测法,1998:13~16
[26]沈跃、刘金世、储浚等,多探头涡流检测系统的设计与实现,石油大学学报(自然科学版)1998,22(3):107~109
[27]许德章,电涡流传感器设计-用于保温管自动纠偏系统远距离位置测量,仪表技术与传感器,1996,(4):13~15
[28]徐晓东,电涡流探伤仪红外线监测电路,1995:5~6,11
[29]李琳、杨美传,电涡流位移传感器同向差动测量方法及应用,中国教育技术装备,2002,(9):27~28
[30]齐勇、李代生,防水电涡流振动位移传感器,世界产品与技术,2000:46~49
[31]田新启、方秋华、茅佩,轴向位移涡流传感器的研究,江苏电机工程,1998,17(2):31~36
[32]田贵云、张凝,一种新型电涡流位移传感器的研制,传感技术学报,1996,(2):33~35
[33]庄汉忠、顾健,电涡流传感器在位移测量上的应用,江苏工学院学报,1991,12(4):132~134
[34]杨文明、何云斌、万国庆,模式识别应用于电磁无损检测技术的研究,信息技术,2003,27(2):23~25
[35]彭光俊、贾健生、陈礼光等,汽车铸态球铁曲轴基体组织快速无损检测系统的研究及应用,武汉工学院学报,1995,17(3):5~10
[36]金小军、董训长、张扬,埋地钢管外防腐层腐蚀检测方法及应用,油气储运, 2001,20(7):34~35
[37]林俊明、曲民兴、杨同滨, 低频电磁/涡流无损检测技术的研究 ,无损探伤,
2002,(1):30~32
[38] 薛凤祥译,使用电磁测厚仪和分析测井仪进行管子腐蚀测量的测试结果,石油技术测井译文集,1984(6):12~20
[39]何箭、胡学钢,可视化电磁检测系统的研究,合肥工业大学学报,2003,26(1):81~84
[40]张晓春、刘春生、李海宝,电磁超声无损检测技术及其应用,煤矿机械, 2002,(2):69~70
[41]李贵成,可锻铸铁退火件磁检测关键问题研究,金属热处理学报 ,1999,20(1):58~61
[42]郑雪祥译,检查套管新方法的原理和应用,油气田开发工程译丛, 1998,(8):12~16
[43]张远生、王霓,电磁井口管道检测技术,国外油田工程,1993(6):45~47
[44]武新军、康宜华、杨叔子等,数字化油管井口无损检测系统,无损检测, 2002,24(10):422~424
[45]Arvi Kruusinga,b,Optimizing magnetization orientation of permanent magnets for maximal gradient force,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials ,2001,(234):545~555
[46]K.W.Andrews,The structure of non-destructive testing,Br.J.Appl.Phys.,1961,12: 127~133
[47] Kafr El-Sheikh, The transient behaviour of the magnetic field strength at any distance above the duct , Applied Mathematics and Computation 2003,138(1):91~98
[48]Carpenter CJ,Comparison of alternative formulation of 3D magnetic field and
eddy current problems at power frequency .Proceeding IEEE Trans,1997:1026-1034
[49]曲民兴、司学屯,电磁无损检测与数值计算—涡流检测探头信号的有限元预估,无损检测,1994,16(6):172~177
[50]刘泽、何敏、徐立军等,电磁层析成像系统信号检测与处理的优化设计,天津大学学报,2001,34(4):425~429
[51]任吉林,涡流检测技术近20年的进展,无损检测 ,1998,20(5):121~125
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