配电网协同保护与自愈控制研究
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摘要
研究和发展智能电网成为全球电力工业发展的必然选择,大量新理论、新技术、新手段不断应用于电力系统的各个环节,推动大电网互联更加坚强愈加紧密的同时,也使配电网向着结构多元化、运行方式多样化、控制手段智能化方向不断演变。配电网中各种保护与控制功能的数量庞大、目标各异,且实现过程又各自独立,功能间配合不灵活、缺乏有效协同等缺陷日益凸显,制约了保护与控制系统的进一步智能化发展。
本论文围绕保护与控制的功能协调与配合、快速自愈控制等方面展开研究,利用多学科领域的新理论、新技术、新方法,综合提升保护与控制系统的整体性能,具体研究以下几个方面：
(1)研究协同保护与控制系统架构。从一个新的角度对保护与控制系统的实现模式进行定义,将各功能Agent化,硬件设备抽象资源化,从而能够将保护功能与硬件设备之间的固化关系转为灵活的寄居关系。进而把保护功能实现过程的串行实现方式转化为网络化交互的实现方式。通过充分利用变电站的冗余信息及各设备的冗余计算能力提高保护与控制系统的整体性能。
(2)研究协同保护机制和策略。在以Agent为实现基础的自律协同系统中,通过多个功能的群体反应来识别事件不仅能够提高识别的正确性、可靠性,还能在一定程度上提高保护出口的快速性。多个Agent的协同效应还能解决部分隐性故障导致系统可靠性、安全性降低的问题。
(3)研究配电网快速恢复重构算法。结合配电网重构问题的特点和动态规划思想,将区域性的故障恢复重构计算结合于保护与控制系统中,进行就地快速求解以缩短停电时间,提高供电可靠性。设计基于动态规划的快速重构算法以解决在网络功率不足时快速求取最优解的问题。
(4)研究基于云计算思想的配电网恢复重构方法。进一步拓展分布式协同计算的思路,将云计算引入到复杂网络的故障恢复重构求解过程中,通过对网络的分区来降低求解维数。将每个分区内的求解计算过程分解为多个可独立处理的计算块,并提交多个计算节点并行处理,可加速求解过程和结果输出。该方案能够能够有效缓解传统重构计算导致的“维数灾”问题,实现负荷的快速恢复重构。
Smart grid is the future of power system, it integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods, and communications into the electrical grid. Smart grid strategies not only makes the large grid interconnect more compactly, but pushes the distribution network evolution to provide opportunities for energy efficiency and better integration of distributed generation including renewables to reduce carbon emission. In current electrical grid, the variety of protection and control functions with different targets and independent processes, the inflexible collaboration restrict the future development.
The dissertation focus on the improvement of protection and control system with functions collaboration and service restoration. The main contents contain:
(1) Design collaborative protection and control system structure. In traditional protection and control system, the functions are consolidated in the hardware devices. Collaborative structure makes the functions working as mobile agents, and makes the hardware as resources which used to support the processions. Functions'serial processions are changed into network collaborative processions. New structure makes better use of redundancy information and computing power to improve the performance of protection and control system.
(2) Research of collaborative protection mechanism and strategy. Multiple mobile agents form an autonomous collaborated system, any event can be seen by a group of agents. These agents can get a more accurate judgment by exchange information. Before the fault stable and calculation result get the setting value, the protection system can forecast the fault situation by multi-agent's reactions. The judgment can be faster to some extent. The autonomous collaborated system will be helpful to fast fault location and reliability improvement.
(3) Research of fast service restoration reconfiguration scheme. In consideration of the features of service restoration in distribution network and the algorithm of dynamic programming, the reconfiguration scheme can be combined into protection and control system. In this way, the service restoration can be faster and the outage time can be reduced. This part research focuses on fast reconfiguration algorithm, which can acquire the accurate optimal solutions rapidly with limited power allowance.
(4) Research of service restoration based on cloud computing. Distributed collaborative computing can expand further into cloud computing which uses considerable computing resources in network for accelerating the optimal solution of network reconfiguration. The service task can be decomposed into multiple computing blocks for parallel distributed processing which with less calculating complexity. This method can prevent the curse of dimensionality and improve the reliability of power supply.
本论文围绕保护与控制的功能协调与配合、快速自愈控制等方面展开研究,利用多学科领域的新理论、新技术、新方法,综合提升保护与控制系统的整体性能,具体研究以下几个方面：
(1)研究协同保护与控制系统架构。从一个新的角度对保护与控制系统的实现模式进行定义,将各功能Agent化,硬件设备抽象资源化,从而能够将保护功能与硬件设备之间的固化关系转为灵活的寄居关系。进而把保护功能实现过程的串行实现方式转化为网络化交互的实现方式。通过充分利用变电站的冗余信息及各设备的冗余计算能力提高保护与控制系统的整体性能。
(2)研究协同保护机制和策略。在以Agent为实现基础的自律协同系统中,通过多个功能的群体反应来识别事件不仅能够提高识别的正确性、可靠性,还能在一定程度上提高保护出口的快速性。多个Agent的协同效应还能解决部分隐性故障导致系统可靠性、安全性降低的问题。
(3)研究配电网快速恢复重构算法。结合配电网重构问题的特点和动态规划思想,将区域性的故障恢复重构计算结合于保护与控制系统中,进行就地快速求解以缩短停电时间,提高供电可靠性。设计基于动态规划的快速重构算法以解决在网络功率不足时快速求取最优解的问题。
(4)研究基于云计算思想的配电网恢复重构方法。进一步拓展分布式协同计算的思路,将云计算引入到复杂网络的故障恢复重构求解过程中,通过对网络的分区来降低求解维数。将每个分区内的求解计算过程分解为多个可独立处理的计算块,并提交多个计算节点并行处理,可加速求解过程和结果输出。该方案能够能够有效缓解传统重构计算导致的“维数灾”问题,实现负荷的快速恢复重构。
Smart grid is the future of power system, it integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods, and communications into the electrical grid. Smart grid strategies not only makes the large grid interconnect more compactly, but pushes the distribution network evolution to provide opportunities for energy efficiency and better integration of distributed generation including renewables to reduce carbon emission. In current electrical grid, the variety of protection and control functions with different targets and independent processes, the inflexible collaboration restrict the future development.
The dissertation focus on the improvement of protection and control system with functions collaboration and service restoration. The main contents contain:
(1) Design collaborative protection and control system structure. In traditional protection and control system, the functions are consolidated in the hardware devices. Collaborative structure makes the functions working as mobile agents, and makes the hardware as resources which used to support the processions. Functions'serial processions are changed into network collaborative processions. New structure makes better use of redundancy information and computing power to improve the performance of protection and control system.
(2) Research of collaborative protection mechanism and strategy. Multiple mobile agents form an autonomous collaborated system, any event can be seen by a group of agents. These agents can get a more accurate judgment by exchange information. Before the fault stable and calculation result get the setting value, the protection system can forecast the fault situation by multi-agent's reactions. The judgment can be faster to some extent. The autonomous collaborated system will be helpful to fast fault location and reliability improvement.
(3) Research of fast service restoration reconfiguration scheme. In consideration of the features of service restoration in distribution network and the algorithm of dynamic programming, the reconfiguration scheme can be combined into protection and control system. In this way, the service restoration can be faster and the outage time can be reduced. This part research focuses on fast reconfiguration algorithm, which can acquire the accurate optimal solutions rapidly with limited power allowance.
(4) Research of service restoration based on cloud computing. Distributed collaborative computing can expand further into cloud computing which uses considerable computing resources in network for accelerating the optimal solution of network reconfiguration. The service task can be decomposed into multiple computing blocks for parallel distributed processing which with less calculating complexity. This method can prevent the curse of dimensionality and improve the reliability of power supply.
引文
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