微污染水源水资源化及便携式生活饮用水供水设备研究
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摘要
本课题是针对广大无生活卫生供水地区而进行的，目的是研究出可供自来水厂参考的微污染水源水处理工艺，并研制出可实用的便携式生活饮用水供水设备。论文总体上共分四大部分。
第一部分为文献综述部分，对现有饮用水供水工艺进行了充分的调查分析，总结出它们的优缺点，在此基础上提出了用电凝聚法处理微污染水源水的的思路。
第二部分为试验研究部分，研究中采用自制的实验设备对电凝聚处理微污染水源水的效果进行了实验研究，在静态下的实验结果表明：电凝聚处理微污染水源水的影响因素主要有通电时间、通电电流密度、沉降时间和水的pH值；并在实验基础上，找出了这种处理工艺的最佳参数，即：最佳pH值为中性环境中；最佳电流密度1.16mA／cm~2；最佳通电时间10分钟；最佳沉降时间10分钟。在此基础上，将电凝聚与其它水处理工艺相结合，确定了“电凝聚+电气浮→沉降→粗滤→紫外杀菌→超滤”的微污染水源水处理工艺，应用于实际研制出了便携式生活饮用水供水设备。用该设备分别处理东湖水和长江水，各项指标(包括理化指标和生物指标)均达到了《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)。
论文第三部分对电凝聚去除微污染水中污染物的作用机理进行了探讨，指出电凝聚在微污染水中去除污染物的机理主要有：电氧化还原、电絮凝和电气浮。
第四部分对研制出的便携式供水设备进行了经济分析及讨论，实验室饮水机的成本为2480元，水处理费用为5.9566元／吨，并对饮水机所用工艺的推广进行了初步讨论。
This task is carried on for the area where there is not living sanitation water supplying. The aid of the task is to excogitate a slightly polluted water transacting technique that can be referenced by waterworks, and to manufacture a water supplying equipment that is applied and convenient to be carried. The essay can be divided four parts as a whole.
The first part is a summary of literatures. In this part the present drinking water supplying technique have been researched fully, and their advantages and disadvantages has been summed. Furthermore the new idea about how to treat the slightly polluted water by electro-agglomeration has been put forward.
The second part is about experiments. In this part the effect that use electro-agglomeration to treat slightly polluted water has been researched through experiments. Though the static experiments, we can see that main factors of electro-agglomeration include: pH, electrified time, current density, and sedimentation time. The best parameters for the treatment techniques have been find out, they are: the best electric current density is 1.16mA/cm2; the best electrify time is 10min; the best settlement time is lOmin. Based on these, electro-agglomeration and other water treatment techniques have been combined with, so the technique to treat with slightly polluted water has been decided as follow: electro-agglomeration +gas-floatation → coarse-filtrate →violet-sterilize→ super-filtrate. Furthermore, the techniques has been applied to life, so the water supply equipment has been manufactured, it is convenient to take along. Using the equipment, the water comes from Dong Lake and the Long River has been treated. All indexes including physics-chemist indexes and biology indexes are measured up according to drinking water sanitation criterion (2001).
Whereafter the mechanism about how the contaminations be effected by electro-agglomeration has been discussed in part three. The main effect of electro-agglomeration in water has been pointed out, that is adsorption, oxygenation-deoxidize and electro- floatation.
In the fourth part, the cost of the equipment has been analysised, preliminary study about how to popularize the technics has been discussed too.
第一部分为文献综述部分，对现有饮用水供水工艺进行了充分的调查分析，总结出它们的优缺点，在此基础上提出了用电凝聚法处理微污染水源水的的思路。
第二部分为试验研究部分，研究中采用自制的实验设备对电凝聚处理微污染水源水的效果进行了实验研究，在静态下的实验结果表明：电凝聚处理微污染水源水的影响因素主要有通电时间、通电电流密度、沉降时间和水的pH值；并在实验基础上，找出了这种处理工艺的最佳参数，即：最佳pH值为中性环境中；最佳电流密度1.16mA／cm~2；最佳通电时间10分钟；最佳沉降时间10分钟。在此基础上，将电凝聚与其它水处理工艺相结合，确定了“电凝聚+电气浮→沉降→粗滤→紫外杀菌→超滤”的微污染水源水处理工艺，应用于实际研制出了便携式生活饮用水供水设备。用该设备分别处理东湖水和长江水，各项指标(包括理化指标和生物指标)均达到了《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)。
论文第三部分对电凝聚去除微污染水中污染物的作用机理进行了探讨，指出电凝聚在微污染水中去除污染物的机理主要有：电氧化还原、电絮凝和电气浮。
第四部分对研制出的便携式供水设备进行了经济分析及讨论，实验室饮水机的成本为2480元，水处理费用为5.9566元／吨，并对饮水机所用工艺的推广进行了初步讨论。
This task is carried on for the area where there is not living sanitation water supplying. The aid of the task is to excogitate a slightly polluted water transacting technique that can be referenced by waterworks, and to manufacture a water supplying equipment that is applied and convenient to be carried. The essay can be divided four parts as a whole.
The first part is a summary of literatures. In this part the present drinking water supplying technique have been researched fully, and their advantages and disadvantages has been summed. Furthermore the new idea about how to treat the slightly polluted water by electro-agglomeration has been put forward.
The second part is about experiments. In this part the effect that use electro-agglomeration to treat slightly polluted water has been researched through experiments. Though the static experiments, we can see that main factors of electro-agglomeration include: pH, electrified time, current density, and sedimentation time. The best parameters for the treatment techniques have been find out, they are: the best electric current density is 1.16mA/cm2; the best electrify time is 10min; the best settlement time is lOmin. Based on these, electro-agglomeration and other water treatment techniques have been combined with, so the technique to treat with slightly polluted water has been decided as follow: electro-agglomeration +gas-floatation → coarse-filtrate →violet-sterilize→ super-filtrate. Furthermore, the techniques has been applied to life, so the water supply equipment has been manufactured, it is convenient to take along. Using the equipment, the water comes from Dong Lake and the Long River has been treated. All indexes including physics-chemist indexes and biology indexes are measured up according to drinking water sanitation criterion (2001).
Whereafter the mechanism about how the contaminations be effected by electro-agglomeration has been discussed in part three. The main effect of electro-agglomeration in water has been pointed out, that is adsorption, oxygenation-deoxidize and electro- floatation.
In the fourth part, the cost of the equipment has been analysised, preliminary study about how to popularize the technics has been discussed too.
引文
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[33] 高德胜 高廷耀等 微电解水处理的实验研究。中国给水排水，1998．3
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[36] 李新武等，酸化电位水对微生物的杀灭效果及其作用机理的初步研究，中华流行病学杂志1996．2·中国卫生检验杂志1999，9；
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[38] 孙立成 电凝聚法饮用水除氟的研究。水处理技术，1984．4
[39] 曾抗美等 电化学法进行饮用水消毒研究。中国给水排水，1999．8
[40] 韩柏平 张旭等 静电场对水和水中生物体作用机理的研究。同济大学学报，1996．6
[41] 张德胜 高廷耀等 微电解杀菌器的研制与应用。中国给水排水，1998．5
[42] 张德胜 高廷耀等 微电解水处理的实验研究。中国给水排水，1998．3
[43] 姜家展 季斌 高浓度抗生素有机废水处理。中国给水排水，1999．3
[44] 韩式荆等 超滤法分离味精废水中的菌体。环境化学，1989．11
[45] 郑玉珍等重复合絮凝法除菌体的研究。发酵科技通讯，1996．1
[46] 丁忠浩等 电凝聚法强化细粒锰精矿的浓缩脱水。第二届全国选矿学术讨论会论文集，1990．4
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[2] 王占生 刘文君．微污染水源饮用水处理．中国建筑工业出版社，1999
[3] Suffect, I.H. Aquatic Substances Influence on Fate and Treatment of Pollutants. Washington: ACS, 1989
[4] 中国环境质量公报，1997
[5] 刘鸿亮等 中国水环境预测与对策概论。中国环境科学出版社，1988
[6] 赵章元 吴颖颖等 我国湖泊富营养化趋势探讨。环境科学研究，1991．3
[7] 彭近新等 水质富营养化与防治。中国环境科学出版社，1988
[8] R．S．拉马尔奥 废水处理概论。严忠琪，王凤石译。中国建筑工业出版社，1985．3
[9] 倪勇智 搅拌槽内絮凝动力学研究。武汉钢铁学院硕士论文，1987．12
[10] Heinz Bermhardt, Oluf Hoyer,et al.. Reaction mechanisms involved in the influence of algogenic organic matter on flocculation. Z. Wasser-Forsch.,1985,18
[11] Richardson, JF and W.N. Zaki, " Sedimentation and Fluidization, Part I" ,Trans, Inst. Chem. Engrs, 1955.1
[12] Tambo N. and X. C. wang, " The mechanism of pellet flocculation in a fluidized-bed operation" ,J Water SRT-Aqua 1993.2
[13] Wang X. C. N. Tambo and Y. Mataut, "Kinetic study of fluidized pellet bed processes, Ⅰ. Characteristics of particle motions" , J Water SRT-Aqua, 1993.3
[14] 黄晓东 王占生 污染地面水源水净化新技术。环境污染与防治，1998．6
[15] 刘国平 混凝和活性炭吸附配合去除水中有机物。水处理技术，1988．2
[16] 耿安朝等 废水生物处理发展与实践。东北大学出版社，1997．10
[17] Fransolet,G., et al., Influence of Temperature On Bacterial Development in Waters, Ozone Sci.Engrg.,1985,3
[18] Characklis,W.G., et al., Bacterial Regrowth in Distribution systems, AWWA Res. Fdn., 1988,Denver, Colo
[19] Sanchez de la Nieta et al.. Problems caused by biological growth in water distribution
systems storage and regulation reservoirs. Water Supply, 1984,2
[20] 章恩明 杜林等 电解水杀菌技术及其应用。水处理技术，1999．2
[21] 杨福才 瞿砚章 膜技术处理饮用水。中国给水排水，1997．4
[22] 王三反 王文琴 刘义安 王岩 水处理技术。1990．4
[23] 张燕 王志奇等 微污染水源水的控制技术。环境污染与防治，2001．4
[24] Oluf Hoyer, Bernhard Lusse, et al.. Isolation and characterization of extracellular organic matter (EOM) from algae.Z. Wasser-Forsch.,1985,18
[25] Patermarakes, E. Fountouktdis. Disinfection of water by electrochemical treatment [J].Water Research, 1989,12
[26] Omniellis,et al.. Anodic oxidation of phenol for wastewater treatment [J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 1991, 21
[27] ShengHL, ChiFP. Water Research,1994,2
[28] Stucki S, Anodo performance and applications. J Appl Electrochem, 1991,21:99-104.
[29] Comminellis Ch et al. Electrochemical oxidation of phenol for wastewater treatment using SnO_2 anodes. J Appl Electrochem, 1993,23:108-1.
[30] Sheng. H.Lin, et al.. Treatment of textile wastewater by electrochemical method[J].Water Research, 1994,28, 2
[31] 吴辛初 朱惠琴 张寿恺 药剂—电凝聚法对饮用水除氟的研究。上海环境科学，1986．3
[32] 孙立成 电凝聚法饮用水除氟的研究。水处理技术。1984，10．2
[33] 高德胜 高廷耀等 微电解水处理的实验研究。中国给水排水，1998．3
[34] 周群英等 微电解杀藻研究。上海环境科学，1998．1
[35] 王琴 曾庆孝等 介质酸碱条件对高静压杀菌效果的研究。食品科学，1997．18
[36] 李新武等，酸化电位水对微生物的杀灭效果及其作用机理的初步研究，中华流行病学杂志1996．2·中国卫生检验杂志1999，9；
[37] 张寿恺 电凝聚法净化饮用水新工艺。环境保护，1981．6
[38] 孙立成 电凝聚法饮用水除氟的研究。水处理技术，1984．4
[39] 曾抗美等 电化学法进行饮用水消毒研究。中国给水排水，1999．8
[40] 韩柏平 张旭等 静电场对水和水中生物体作用机理的研究。同济大学学报，1996．6
[41] 张德胜 高廷耀等 微电解杀菌器的研制与应用。中国给水排水，1998．5
[42] 张德胜 高廷耀等 微电解水处理的实验研究。中国给水排水，1998．3
[43] 姜家展 季斌 高浓度抗生素有机废水处理。中国给水排水，1999．3
[44] 韩式荆等 超滤法分离味精废水中的菌体。环境化学，1989．11
[45] 郑玉珍等重复合絮凝法除菌体的研究。发酵科技通讯，1996．1
[46] 丁忠浩等 电凝聚法强化细粒锰精矿的浓缩脱水。第二届全国选矿学术讨论会论文集，1990．4
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