边坡地质灾害隐患探测方法研究
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摘要
边坡是自然或人为活动形成的斜坡,是人类工程活动中最基本的地质环境之一,也是工程建设中常见的工程形式。由于雨水和一些人为活动,常常诱发山体滑坡而产生地质灾害,造成重大生命财产损失。因此,探测边坡体的地质结构,研究滑坡的趋势,进而分析边坡的稳定性,对滑坡治理设计有重要意义。本文全面深入研究分析了边坡地质灾害隐患的成因、性质、类型及隐患的地球物理探测方法和应用成果,采用物理模型模拟边坡工程中存在的滑动层,探讨边坡工程中滑坡隐患电场的分布规律,进而研究电法勘探在边坡地质结构探测中的有效性。无论物理模拟或实际探测,均可采用三极或对称四极电阻率测深法进行观测,利用电阻率测深剖面ρ_s等值线断面图中ρ_s等值线的分布规律,结合模拟条件和野外实际探测中所处的地质条件,探测和圈定出边坡中一定深度范围内的含水滑动层或塌陷,了解边坡工程中滑坡隐患的分布规律和赋存状况。同时,对所观测到的ρ_s资料,采用反射系数K法进行解释,以提高区分边坡地质灾害隐患的能力。同样可以在充分掌握边坡工程隐患中各弹性介质的分布及相应波速的基础上,选用合适的浅层地震方法,达到快速确定发生地质灾害的测区内覆盖层、滑动层厚度的目的。无论采用哪种物探方法,都是利用不同地层的电性结构特点和分布规律或者各弹性介质的分布及相应的波速这些前提进行探测,然后确定其滑动层的结构构造,判断出滑动层的埋深、规模及性质,为后续的边坡隐患治理提供可靠的地质依据。
The slope is developed naturally or transformed artificially, it is one of the most basic geological environments of human engineering activities, and also a common project type in engineering construction. As rain and some human activities,which often evoke a mountain landslide so causing geological disasters, and cause heavy loss of lives and property. Therefore, it's great significant to detect the geological structure ,to study the trend of decline and to analyse the bility of landslide. The paper is devoted to slopes hidden danger of geological disasters causes,nature、type and the application of geophysical exploration methods and results comprehensively and in depth. By taking the advantages of the physical models to simulate the sliding layers of the slope projects, the distribution feature of the electric field under the circumstances of the hidden dangers of landslides is discussed, then studying electrical method for exploration in the slope to detect the geological structure of the validity in the paper. Third- schlumberger sounding method can be applied in both the physical simulation and actual detection. And the distribution regularity of contour linesρ_s isogram according toρ_s resistivity sounding profile map of the contour lines cross-section map as well as the simulating conditions and the actual geological conditions of field detection can be comprehensively considered to delineate aquifers or collapses of the slopes within a certain depth, and the hidden dangers in the landslide occurrence and distribution of the situation in the slope engineering can be found out. Meanwhile, theρ_s data resulted fromobservation can be explained by K reflection coefficient method to improve the capacity of predicting the hidden dangers of slopes. Similarly, once the distribution of all the elastic medium and their corresponding velocity in the geological disasters hidden danger of the slope engineering are fully understood, the proper shallow seismic methods can be applied to rapidly identify the thickness of the region cover and sliding layer within the measurement area of geological disasters by the analysis of the characteristics of electrical structure and its distributing law in different strata. No matter which type of geophysical detections are used, they are all done based on the electric structure features and distribution structure of different earth layers and all the elastic medium distribution and their corresponding velocity, and then the structure of the sliding layer can be determined, and the depth, scope and nature of the sliding layer can be concluded, which offers a reliable geological foundation for subsequent handling and prevention of the hidden dangers of slopes.
The slope is developed naturally or transformed artificially, it is one of the most basic geological environments of human engineering activities, and also a common project type in engineering construction. As rain and some human activities,which often evoke a mountain landslide so causing geological disasters, and cause heavy loss of lives and property. Therefore, it's great significant to detect the geological structure ,to study the trend of decline and to analyse the bility of landslide. The paper is devoted to slopes hidden danger of geological disasters causes,nature、type and the application of geophysical exploration methods and results comprehensively and in depth. By taking the advantages of the physical models to simulate the sliding layers of the slope projects, the distribution feature of the electric field under the circumstances of the hidden dangers of landslides is discussed, then studying electrical method for exploration in the slope to detect the geological structure of the validity in the paper. Third- schlumberger sounding method can be applied in both the physical simulation and actual detection. And the distribution regularity of contour linesρ_s isogram according toρ_s resistivity sounding profile map of the contour lines cross-section map as well as the simulating conditions and the actual geological conditions of field detection can be comprehensively considered to delineate aquifers or collapses of the slopes within a certain depth, and the hidden dangers in the landslide occurrence and distribution of the situation in the slope engineering can be found out. Meanwhile, theρ_s data resulted fromobservation can be explained by K reflection coefficient method to improve the capacity of predicting the hidden dangers of slopes. Similarly, once the distribution of all the elastic medium and their corresponding velocity in the geological disasters hidden danger of the slope engineering are fully understood, the proper shallow seismic methods can be applied to rapidly identify the thickness of the region cover and sliding layer within the measurement area of geological disasters by the analysis of the characteristics of electrical structure and its distributing law in different strata. No matter which type of geophysical detections are used, they are all done based on the electric structure features and distribution structure of different earth layers and all the elastic medium distribution and their corresponding velocity, and then the structure of the sliding layer can be determined, and the depth, scope and nature of the sliding layer can be concluded, which offers a reliable geological foundation for subsequent handling and prevention of the hidden dangers of slopes.
引文
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[31]Tien H Wu and Mohamed A Abdel-Latif.Prediction and mapping of landslide hazard[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2000,37(4):781-795.
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