政策性畜牧业保险发展的问题研究
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摘要
畜牧业保险是当前“三农"问题的重点之一。自2007年我国开始实施政策性畜牧业保险试点活动开始,我国畜牧业保险有了长足的进入,但在畜牧业保险实践中,因为自然环境、社会环境与技术条件等因素,我国畜牧业保险发展明显滞后于种植业保险的发展,主要表现在保险产品与费率单一,缺少科学的生产风险分布测定厘定的保费定价体系,其合理性与效率受到质疑,并且养殖户缺少参加保险的热情。因此,如何科学地建立政策性畜牧业保险体制、政策以及保险产品定价及补贴就成为一个重要的理论与实践问题。
基于当前畜牧业保险存在的上述问题,本研究对国内外已有的研究成果进行了系统的文献回顾与梳理,以我国政策性畜牧业保险发展的背景作为研究主线,对试点地区进行影响养殖户购买政策性畜牧业保险决策因素样本调查,测算样本地区两种牲畜的生产风险,并依据生产风险分布厘定不同保障水平下的保险费率,在此基础上论文开展相关的理论与实证研究。主要研究内容如下：
第一,根据我国畜牧业保险发展历程与现状,应用福利经济学对我国畜牧业保险市场进行分析,通过参考国内外研究实践,探讨我国当前畜牧业保险的特点,从决策部门、保险公司和养殖户不同的视角分析畜牧业保险的作用以及各自面对的瓶颈,分析我国畜牧业发展中尚存在的如费率单一、参保率不足、道德风险与逆向选择等问题,通过借鉴发达国家政策性畜牧业保险发展模式,为加速我国畜牧业保险发展提出可操作的途径与建议。
第二,通过了解养殖户对风险认知度与研究养殖户对保险的需求可以解决我国畜牧业保险市场有效需求不足的问题。论文根据辽宁省盘锦市317份养殖户随机调查问卷资料,对养殖户的风险意识、风险态度、风险防范手段、风险补救措施与对政策性畜牧业保险了解程度进行了描述性统计分析。同时,根据调查问卷,论文建立Logit二元选择模型,对影响养殖户购买政策性畜牧业保险决策因素进行实证分析,依据研究结果,提出提高养殖户参保率的建议。
第三,以政策性畜牧业保险试点辽宁省盘锦市地区的历年牲畜饲养量为研究对象,展开畜牧业保险产品定价方案研究。首先利用参数法测算盘锦市奶牛与生猪的生产风险分布,根据损失分布水平,厘定多保障水平下保险纯费率,并依此对盘锦市进行政策性畜牧业保险的保费构成分析,确定出各级政府需要的补贴额度与养殖户需要缴纳的实际保费。
最后对全文进行总结,根据研究实证与理论分析结果,对完善我国政策性畜牧业保险体系提出了相应的政策建议。提炼出论文的主要创新点并根据当前研究分析论文存在的不足处与局限性,给出了后续的研究方向与切入点。本论文是以辽宁省盘锦市的养殖户与生猪和奶牛历年饲养量做为实证研究的对象,具有一定的现实意义,可以为我国发展政策性畜牧业保险发展提供技术支持与实践借鉴。
Livestock insurance is one of the most important focuses concerning with "Issues of Agricultural" in China. Since2007, the government of China has started to develop the pilot policy-oriented livestock insurance in practice. However, this undertaking did not move forward smoothly largely due to the unitary level of crop insurance coverage which significantly constrained farmers'effective demand for livestock insurance program. Thus, there exists a big gap between China's current unitary coverage of livestock crop insurance and well-developed international livestock insurance programs abroad. This gap primarily exhibits that the pure livestock insurance premium in China does not cover those potential catastrophic losses, thus it has been caused a vary degree of the suspicious as to the rationality and effectiveness as well of the Chinese government livestock insurance premium subsidy policy. In addition, China has not developed a sound theory and applicable actuarial method to be used in balancing triple-party benefits involving with government, company and livestock household. Therefore, along with the expanding livestock insurance program experiment in China it is imperative and the upmost for China to be able to accurately determine appropriate livestock insurance premium price. Apparently, this is the key for the Chinese livestock insurance program to be success in the near future.
Firstly, in light of application of externality theory in agricultural insurance, a break-even principle and utility maximization theory, this study reviewed the current and history issues of livestock insurance, analyzed existing problems, the paper proposed reasonable suggestions for livestock insurance tomorrow.
Secondly, this paper conducted empirical study on farmers'willingness to pay for livestock insurance program in Panjin of Liaoning province by utilization of the utility function theory and Logit model. These suggest that government should pay more attention to educate farmers on the utility of livestock insurance program, promote livestock production specialization and proceed in an orderly way and step by step in developing livestock insurance program.
Thirdly, based on1987-2007historical population of cattle and swine in the area of Panjin, this paper determines distribution of breeding risk and calculates the premium rates combining with econometrics and statistics. The aim is to explore scientific and academic base for China's policy-oriented healthy development.
Finally, the conclusions were generated based on the empirical case study from which novelty points were summarized, and following up by study limitations and future expected research work discussion. Furthermore, the author proposed several ideas for China livestock insurance policy-making and its improvement in the near future. Not only are those study findings useful for the study area's livestock insurance development, but also, it can provide learning lesions for the nationwide government supported livestock insurance program in terms of research method and applied techniques.
基于当前畜牧业保险存在的上述问题,本研究对国内外已有的研究成果进行了系统的文献回顾与梳理,以我国政策性畜牧业保险发展的背景作为研究主线,对试点地区进行影响养殖户购买政策性畜牧业保险决策因素样本调查,测算样本地区两种牲畜的生产风险,并依据生产风险分布厘定不同保障水平下的保险费率,在此基础上论文开展相关的理论与实证研究。主要研究内容如下：
第一,根据我国畜牧业保险发展历程与现状,应用福利经济学对我国畜牧业保险市场进行分析,通过参考国内外研究实践,探讨我国当前畜牧业保险的特点,从决策部门、保险公司和养殖户不同的视角分析畜牧业保险的作用以及各自面对的瓶颈,分析我国畜牧业发展中尚存在的如费率单一、参保率不足、道德风险与逆向选择等问题,通过借鉴发达国家政策性畜牧业保险发展模式,为加速我国畜牧业保险发展提出可操作的途径与建议。
第二,通过了解养殖户对风险认知度与研究养殖户对保险的需求可以解决我国畜牧业保险市场有效需求不足的问题。论文根据辽宁省盘锦市317份养殖户随机调查问卷资料,对养殖户的风险意识、风险态度、风险防范手段、风险补救措施与对政策性畜牧业保险了解程度进行了描述性统计分析。同时,根据调查问卷,论文建立Logit二元选择模型,对影响养殖户购买政策性畜牧业保险决策因素进行实证分析,依据研究结果,提出提高养殖户参保率的建议。
第三,以政策性畜牧业保险试点辽宁省盘锦市地区的历年牲畜饲养量为研究对象,展开畜牧业保险产品定价方案研究。首先利用参数法测算盘锦市奶牛与生猪的生产风险分布,根据损失分布水平,厘定多保障水平下保险纯费率,并依此对盘锦市进行政策性畜牧业保险的保费构成分析,确定出各级政府需要的补贴额度与养殖户需要缴纳的实际保费。
最后对全文进行总结,根据研究实证与理论分析结果,对完善我国政策性畜牧业保险体系提出了相应的政策建议。提炼出论文的主要创新点并根据当前研究分析论文存在的不足处与局限性,给出了后续的研究方向与切入点。本论文是以辽宁省盘锦市的养殖户与生猪和奶牛历年饲养量做为实证研究的对象,具有一定的现实意义,可以为我国发展政策性畜牧业保险发展提供技术支持与实践借鉴。
Livestock insurance is one of the most important focuses concerning with "Issues of Agricultural" in China. Since2007, the government of China has started to develop the pilot policy-oriented livestock insurance in practice. However, this undertaking did not move forward smoothly largely due to the unitary level of crop insurance coverage which significantly constrained farmers'effective demand for livestock insurance program. Thus, there exists a big gap between China's current unitary coverage of livestock crop insurance and well-developed international livestock insurance programs abroad. This gap primarily exhibits that the pure livestock insurance premium in China does not cover those potential catastrophic losses, thus it has been caused a vary degree of the suspicious as to the rationality and effectiveness as well of the Chinese government livestock insurance premium subsidy policy. In addition, China has not developed a sound theory and applicable actuarial method to be used in balancing triple-party benefits involving with government, company and livestock household. Therefore, along with the expanding livestock insurance program experiment in China it is imperative and the upmost for China to be able to accurately determine appropriate livestock insurance premium price. Apparently, this is the key for the Chinese livestock insurance program to be success in the near future.
Firstly, in light of application of externality theory in agricultural insurance, a break-even principle and utility maximization theory, this study reviewed the current and history issues of livestock insurance, analyzed existing problems, the paper proposed reasonable suggestions for livestock insurance tomorrow.
Secondly, this paper conducted empirical study on farmers'willingness to pay for livestock insurance program in Panjin of Liaoning province by utilization of the utility function theory and Logit model. These suggest that government should pay more attention to educate farmers on the utility of livestock insurance program, promote livestock production specialization and proceed in an orderly way and step by step in developing livestock insurance program.
Thirdly, based on1987-2007historical population of cattle and swine in the area of Panjin, this paper determines distribution of breeding risk and calculates the premium rates combining with econometrics and statistics. The aim is to explore scientific and academic base for China's policy-oriented healthy development.
Finally, the conclusions were generated based on the empirical case study from which novelty points were summarized, and following up by study limitations and future expected research work discussion. Furthermore, the author proposed several ideas for China livestock insurance policy-making and its improvement in the near future. Not only are those study findings useful for the study area's livestock insurance development, but also, it can provide learning lesions for the nationwide government supported livestock insurance program in terms of research method and applied techniques.
引文
4 中国人民银行《关于国内保险业务恢复情况和今后发展意见的报告》,转引《农业保险概论》中国农民出版社1995年,第23页。
5 中国人民保险公司：《关于加快发展我国保险事业的报告》,转自任素梅《农业保险概论》,中国农业出版社1995年版,第23页
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